Nchifukwa chiyani Chofunika Chadongosolo?
Tanthauzo la kulemba:
Chiwerengero cha miyendo kuchokera mumphepete mwa madzi kupita ku malo otsika kwambiri pa nsanamira ya sitimayo; kuya kwa madzi ngalawa imakoka; Momwe sitima zimatsikira pansi m'madzi. Mawu oti "mpweya wa mpweya" ndi chiwerengero cha mapazi kuchokera m'mphepete mwa madzi kufika pamwamba pa sitimayo.
Zolemba zina zolemba:
Mawu akuti "nautical term" ndiwo a United States spelling; Pulogalamuyi ndi British spelling. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti malemba awiriwa (USA) ndi kulembera (UK) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mowa komanso ali ndi kusiyana kofanana pakati pa maiko awiriwa.
Zitsanzo za zolemba zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chiganizo:
Kuwongolera ngalawa zazikulu zambiri zoyenda panyanja zimakhala pakati pa 25 ndi 30 mapazi. Sitimayo silingathe kuyandama mu madzi alionse kupatula momwe yanyamulira.
N'chifukwa chiyani kukwera kwa sitimayo kuli kofunikira?
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chombo cha sitimayo ndi chofunikira kwambiri kwa Captain (ndi antchito ake onse ndi oyendetsa galimoto) ndi kuti sitimayo sidzayandama mumadzi osadziwika kuposa momwe akulembera. Mwachitsanzo, sitimayo yokhala ndi mamita 25 otsika imatha kugwa pansi ngati madzi ali ndi 24.99 mamita kuya.
Kukonzekera kwa ngalawa kumatsimikiziridwa panthawi yomangidwako. Zowonjezera zambiri (kapena mpweya wojambula) ngalawayo ili pamwamba pa madzi, kuwonjezeka kwa chombocho chiyenera kukhala. Akatswiri opanga sitima ayenera kutsimikiza kuti chiwerengero cha chotengera chotsika pansi pa madzi ndi mpweya wokwera pamwamba pa madzi akulowa malire. Wokonza sitima safuna kuti sitimayo ikhale "yopweteketsa" kuti ikwaniritse. Kuphatikiza pa kukonzanso kwakukulu, okonza sitima zazikuluzikulu amatha kupanga sitima zazikuluzikulu zambirimbiri pamwamba pa madzi kuti zikhale zolimba kuti ziziyenda bwino.
Sitima zamakono zamakono zimagwiritsanso ntchito zowonongeka kuti sitimayo ikwere mosavuta m'nyanja zovuta. Zitsulozi zimakhala ngati mapiko omwe amapita pansi pa madzi, kupanga sitimayo kukhala "yowonjezera".
Popeza sitima zazikulu zimakhala ndi zowonongeka kwambiri, sizikhoza kulowa m'makilomita osalimba ngati sitima zazing'ono zomwe zimayenda. Komabe, ngalawa zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala ndizitali zambiri zimayendetsa bwino nyanja yamkuntho bwino chifukwa chombo china chiri pansi pa madzi ndipo sichikwera komanso chotsika.
Choncho, alendo omwe ali m'deralo akuyenda bwino. Ng'ombe za mtsinje zili ndi phokoso lakuya, koma zimathabe pansi chifukwa mtsinjewo umasintha nthawi zambiri.
Makina oyenda panyanja, omwe amayendetsedwa ngati kayendetsedwe ka ndege pakati pa Ulaya ndi North America, anali ndi zida zakuya kuchokera pamene ngalawayo sizinkayesa kuyenda mumadzi akuya a Caribbean (kapena kwinakwake padziko lapansi). Mwachitsanzo, mfumukazi yoyamba ya Mary Mary , yomwe inamangidwa mu 1936, inali ndi mamita 40 ndi mpweya wa mamita 181. Anali mamita 118 ndipo anali ndi matope okwana 81,000 a GRT. Nyanja ya Maasis , imodzi mwa zombo zapamtunda zapamtunda padziko lonse, ili ndi mapepala makumi atatu, mpweya wa mamita 213 pamwamba pa madzi, ndi mamita 208 m'lifupi, ndipo ili ndi chivundi chachikulu cha 225,000 GRT. Ngakhale sitima yatsopanoyi ndi yayikulu ndipo ili ndi mpweya wambiri, nyanja ya Oasis ili ndi zochepa kwambiri. Polipira ndalama zochepa kwambiri, Oasis ndi yowonjezereka ndipo imakhala yowonjezera, yomwe imawonjezera kuchulukitsa ngati pakufunika madzi ovuta.
Anthu ena amaganiza kuti sitima zamakono zamakono zamakono sizinalembedwe mokwanira ndipo zimatha kugwedezeka ngati mkokomo waukulu ukugwera mvula yamkuntho. Ngakhale kuti sitimayo imamira, ndizochitika kawirikawiri, ndipo sizinayambe zatsimikiziridwa kuti mpweya woyendetsera sitima yopangira chiŵerengero siokwanira ndipo inachititsa kuti sitimayo ipitirire.
Sitima ya Titanic inagunda madzi oundana, ndipo Costa Concordia inagunda miyala yolimba kwambiri. Kokha pafilimu yamakono monga Poseidon Adventure ili ndi sitima yaikulu ya sitimayi yokhotakhota chifukwa cha mafunde.
Zambiri za ngozi zonyamula ngalawa za zaka 100 zapitazi zakhala zikuwonjezeka, makamaka pa zokolola m'mayiko omwe chiŵerengero cha okwera ngalawa sichiyendetsedwa mokwanira. Mavuto ena oyendetsa sitimayo anawotchedwa ndi moto, akuyendetsa pansi, akuponya sitima ina, kapena kuthamanga chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kwa anthu kapena kuwonjezeka kwapadera - osati kapangidwe kosawerengeka.