Bletchley Park - Mbiri Yachibvundi imaonekera:
Bletchley Park, pafupifupi makilomita makumi asanu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa London, ikuwoneka ngati nyumba yowonongeka yowonongeka ya Victorian yomwe poyamba inalipo. M'chaka cha 1883, Mzinda wa London, womwe unali wolemera kwambiri, unakhazikitsidwa ndi mzinda wa Richmond, womwe unali wolemera kwambiri, ndipo unatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa pamene boma la Britain, pamphepete mwa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, linapindula ndi cholinga china. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse komanso mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Cold War, maonekedwe a Bletchley, omwe amawonekera kunyumba, ankatsutsana ndi ntchito zake zenizeni - cholinga chomwe chinasungidwa mu Act Secretariat Act kwa zaka zambiri.
Kwa apa, kumbuyo kwitseko zitseko ndi zobisika mkatikati mwa malo okwana 60 acre, boffins ya ku Britain inaphwanyaphwanya zizindikiro za Enigma za Nazi Germany.
Tsopano, ku Bletchley Park Museum ndi National Codes Center , nkhani yochititsa chidwi imeneyi ikuuzidwa.
Kodi Chinali Chiyani ?::
Enigma inali makina okhomeretsa ojambulidwa ndi Ajeremani pakati pa Nkhondo Yoyamba ndi Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Zinkawoneka ngati zojambulajambula koma, pogwiritsa ntchito makina osokoneza makina ndi magetsi mkati mwake, makalata kapena makalata angasinthidwe kukhala osankhidwa osankhidwa mwachisawawa. Zizindikirozo zinali zovuta kwambiri kuposa kungolemba kalata imodzi. Ndipotu, panali, mwinamwake mazana mamiliyoni - mwinamwake mabiliyoni - omwe angathe kuphatikizapo. Chifungulo, chosintha tsiku ndi tsiku, kutsegula ma code kuti mauthenga athe kufalikira ndi kumvetsetsedwa. Kutsegulira ntchito za ma Enigma Code zathandiza kwambiri kuti apambane a Allies mu Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.
Ndani Anatsegula Ma Code Enigma ?:
Mu 2000, otsutsa mafilimu a ku Britain ankadandaula pa filimu ya ku America, U-517 (Yerekezerani Ndalama), pafupi ndi gung ho, anthu ogwira ntchito panyanja ya ku America pa ntchito kuti akalowe mumsasa wa Atlantic.
Aliyense ku Britain adadziŵa kuti ndi Royal Navy yomwe idatenga makinawo ndipo anali a codebreaker ku Bletchly Park amene anamasula - nkhani yomwe inachitika chaka chimodzi mu Enigma (Yerekezerani ndi mitengo), filimu ya Kate Winslet malinga ndi nthawi ya nkhondo ya Enigma, ndi Robert Harris.
Ndipotu, mafilimu onsewa anali okhudzana ndi nkhani zoona. Mauthenga a enigma anali kuwerengedwa chakumayambiriro kwa 1940 pambuyo pa magudumu ena oyendetsa ulendowo anagwidwa pa opulumuka ku U-boat ku Scotland. Ndipo, mu 1941, Britain Royal Navy Commandos inagwira makina angapo a Enigma ndi makiyi awo - kuchokera ku nsomba zozembera nsomba kuchokera ku gombe la Norway ndi kenako kuchokera ku U-110.
Koma mu June 1944, gulu la asilikali a US Navy Task Group linagwiritsa ntchito makina a Enigma ndi makalata kuchokera ku boti lina la U-505 la U-U-505, lomwe linalinso lofunika kwambiri kuti malemba a WWII apangidwe.
Ndipo, pofuna kupereka ngongole kumene kulipira ngongole, Polishbetakerakers anali atagwiritsabe kale ntchito Enigma code m'ma 1930, nkhondo isanayambe. Anapereka chidziwitso kwa Achifalansa omwe adagawana nawo ndi a British.
Chowonadi n'chakuti, panali makina ambiri a Enigma ndipo ndondomeko yosokoneza zizindikiro zawo zinapitiliza - makamaka ku Bletchley Park - panthawi yonse ya nkhondo.
Kodi Mungayang'ane Chiyani ku Bletchley Park ?:
- Makina asanu ndi anai a Enigma, kuphatikizapo ngongole kuchokera ku US National Crytologic Museum; wina, wogwiritsidwa ntchito ku Spain Civil War pogula ngongole ku Museum of Army Museum ku Toledo, Spain, ndi Abdomr Enigma yosawerengeka yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi German SS.
- SG41 - makina achijeremani omwe amawombera m'malo mwa Enigma. Makina amenewa anagonjetsa akatswiri a Bletchley
- Colossus, kuwerenga matepi oyambirira, makompyuta osokoneza makompyuta komanso makompyuta oyambirira pa kompyuta. Colossus anathandiza akuluakulu a Allied kuonetsetsa kuti a Germany adagwa chifukwa chodziwitsidwa zomwe zinabisa D-Day landings.
- Bomb machine yomangidwanso, kompyutala ina yoyambirira, yomwe inachititsa kuti mauthenga ambiri a Enigma akwaniritsidwe.
- Zojambula zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafotokozera nkhani ya Bletchley Park, azondi, zinsinsi ndi zovuta, komanso mawonetsero osiyana ndi magalimoto ndi masewera otha kusokoneza maulendo osayika a nkhondo.
- The Post Post Office, yomwe idatumikira 12,000 omwe ankakhala ndi kugwira ntchito ku Bletchley Park koma anakhalabe chinsinsi mpaka chikalata cha mu 1998.
- National Museum of Computing - bungwe lapadera, lokhala ndi ndalama zovomerezeka, zomwe zimakhala mbiri yakale ya makompyuta ku Britain, zochitika ndi zojambula.
Alan Turing - Gulu la Bletchley la Unsung Hero:
Alan Turing anali katswiri wa masamu, katswiri wa zamakompyuta ndi cryptanalyst. Iye anali mpainiya wamakono oyambirira omwe makina a Turing, m'zaka za m'ma 1930, anali chitsanzo choyamba cha makompyuta ogwira ntchito, ambiri. Iye adapanga ziganizo za "algorithm" ndi "chiwerengero". Turing anathandiza mwangwiro makina a bombe omwe anawerengera zikwi zikwi za mauthenga omwe anatumiziridwa ku Bletchley. Mu January 1940, makina opangidwa ndi bombe oyeretsedwa a Turing adalemba uthenga woyamba wa Enigma.
Koma ngakhale kuti adavomereza kuti ali ndi nzeru komanso nthawi ya nkhondo, nkhani ya Turing ndi imodzi mwa zochitika za mbiri ya chiwerewere. Turing anali kuvomereza kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha panthawi imene kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kunatchulidwa ku Britain. Mu 1952 anaimbidwa mlandu wonyansa pambuyo poti anadandaula ndi mnyamata wina yemwe anali naye pachibwenzi. Iye anaweruzidwa ndipo, monga njira yoweruza milandu, adalandira mankhwala ndi mahomoni aakazi. Patapita zaka ziwiri, mu 1954, anamwalira ndi poizoni wa cyanide. Ngakhale kuti coroner adafa kuti adziphe, amayi ake ndi mabwenzi ena adakhulupirira kuti ndi ngozi. Mu 2009, Pulezidenti Gordon Brown, adapempha kupepesa kwaulere kwa Turing "mankhwala owopsya".
Mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za Turing, moyo wake komanso chothandizira kuti apeze njira zamakono komanso zamakompyuta pa Bletchley.
Ndani Adzasangalala Kukaona Bletchley Park ?::
Mafilimu apakompyuta, masewera a mbiri yakale, akatswiri a masamu ndi masamu a masamu adzapita kukacheza ku Bletchley Park. Azondi a Junior ndi mafilimu a cryptogram adzakukonda Zochitika nthawi zonse, banja masiku makumi asanu, kubwerezanso, mawonetsero osakhalitsa ndi maulendo otsogolera amasunga Bletchley Park chidwi kwa anthu ena a m'banja omwe angazindikire kuti ali ndi codebreaking okonda pambuyo pa zonse.
Zofunika Zowona Bwino kwa Bletchley Park ndi National Museum of Computing:
Bletchley
- Kumeneko: The Mansion, Bletchley Park, Sherwood Drive, Bletchley, Milton Keynes, MK3 6EB. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito SatNav, gwiritsani ntchito adiresi ya msewu koma osati chikhombo, chomwe chingakulowetseni.
- Telefoni: +44 (0) 1908 640404
- Kuloledwa: Okalamba, ogulitsa ndi matikiti a banja komanso matikiti a ana 12-16. Ana ochepera zaka 12 amaloledwa kukhala omasuka komanso magulu a ana mwadongosolo.
- Maola: Tsiku lililonse kupatulapo tsiku la Khirisimasi kupyola Tsiku la Boxing ndi Tsiku Latsopano. Mazira otentha, 9:30 am mpaka 4pm kuyambira Nov 1 mpaka Feb.28. Kutsegulidwa kwa chilimwe mpaka 5pm kuchokera pa March 1 mpaka Oct. 31
- Website
- Malo: Cafe ku Hut 4, kumene Naval codebreakers kwenikweni amagwira ntchito. Ulendo wotsogoleredwa umaphatikizapo mtengo wovomerezeka.
National Museum of Computing
- Kumeneko: Bwerani H ku Bletchley Park
- Chidziwitso Nambala: +44 (0) 1908 374708
- Chilolezo: Kusiyanitsa ndalama zovomerezeka za TMOC zonse, kapena kuchepetsedwa, kwa Colossus ndi Tunny. Malipiro othandizira okalamba ndi ophunzira. Ana osakwana zaka khumi ndi awiri. Alendo ku TMOC okha sayenera kulipira ndalama zovomerezeka za Bletchley Park kuti alowe mu Bletchley Estate.
- Maola: Colossus ndi Tunny (ntchito ina yowonongeka kwa WWII) kutsegulira tsiku lililonse. Zisonyezero zina Lachinayi ndi Loweruka kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 koloko usiku ndi 5pm mu summerl
- Website
- Maofesi: Khofi ndi malo ogulitsira zolembera, maulendo otsogolera kuti apereke ndalama zosiyana.