Mau oyamba
Khoma Lalikulu ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zowonjezereka mu dziko koma mbiri ya Great Wall ya China imakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amazindikira.
Kodi Zinatenga Nthawi Yotani Kumanga Khoma Lalikulu?
Ndi funso limene aliyense akufuna kudziwa ndipo ndikuganiza kuti limachokera pa lingaliro lalikulu kuti Khoma Lalikulu linamangidwa panthawi imodzi. Koma si choncho. Khoma Lalikulu likanatchulidwa mokwanira kuti Mpanda Wautali - monga chomwe chimatsalira lero ndi makoma ambiri otsalira kuchokera ku mayendedwe angapo a dynastic ku China wakale.
Pamene mukuwerenga pansipa, Khoma Lalikulu - kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka zomwe tikuwona lero - linali pansi pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangamanga kwa zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri.
Kodi Khoma Lalikulu N'chiyani?
Kawirikawiri amaganiza kuti Khoma Lalikulu ndi khoma lalitali lomwe limachokera ku East China Nyanja m'mphepete mwa mapiri kumpoto kwa Beijing. Ndipotu, Khoma Lalikululo likuyenda kudutsa ku China lomwe lili pamtunda wa makilomita 8,850 ndipo lili ndi makoma angapo omwe amalumikizana ndi China omwe ma Dynasties ndi asilikali a nkhondo amamangidwa zaka zambiri. Khoma Lalikulu lomwe mumaliwona muzithunzi zambiri ndilo linga la Ming Dynasty, lomwe linamangidwa pambuyo pa 1368. Komabe, "Great Wall" akutanthauza mbali zambiri za khoma zomwe zinamangidwa zaka zoposa 2,000.
Zoyambira Kumayambiriro
Mu 6565 BC, khoma la Chu State, lotchedwa "Khoma la Mzere" linamangidwa kuti ateteze Kosi ku anansi oyandikana nawo kumpoto. Mbali iyi ya khoma ikukhala m'chigawo cha Henan masiku ano.
Khoma loyambirirali linagwirizanitsa mizinda yaying'ono m'mphepete mwa dziko la Chu.
Zina zinapitiriza ntchito yomanga makoma m'malire awo kuti adziteteze kwa anthu osayenera mpaka pafupifupi 221 BC pamene panthawi ya Qin, Khoma Lalikulu, monga momwe tikudziwira tsopano, linayamba kulengedwa.
Maina a Qin: "Khoma Lalikulu" Loyamba
Qin Shi Huang ogwirizana a China ku dziko lachikhalidwe. Pofuna kuteteza boma lake latsopano, Qin adaganiza kuti padzafunika chidziwitso chachikulu cha chitetezo. Anatumiza asilikali okwana milioni ndi antchito kuti agwire ntchito yomwe idzatha zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Khoma latsopanoli linagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makoma omwe anamangidwa kuyambira pansi pa Chu State. Nyumba yatsopano, Great Wall, yomwe ili kumpoto kwa China kuyambira mu Inner Mongolia masiku ano. Zang'ono za khomali zidakalipo ndipo zinali zowonjezereka kumpoto kuposa khoma lamasiku ano (Ming era).
Mzera wa Han: Khoma Lalikulu Lalikulu
Panthawi ya mzera wa Han (206 BC mpaka AD 24), dziko la China linagonjetsedwa ndi Huns ndipo khoma linapitilizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makoma akale omwe anali makilomita 10,000 (6,213 miles) kumadzulo kwa China, chigawo cha Gansu chamakono. Nthawiyi inali nthawi yomanga nyumba kwambiri komanso khoma lalitali kwambiri.
Werengani zambiri zokhudza kuyendera nyumba ya Han Dynasty Wall
Dynasties kumpoto ndi kum'mwera
Panthawi imeneyi, kuyambira AD 386-581, maina anayi adamanga ndi kuwonjezera ku Khoma Lalikulu. Northern Wei (386-534) inaphatikizapo makilomita 1,000 pamtunda ku province la Shanxi. Eastern Wei (534-550) inangowonjezera makilomita 75 okha.
Mzinda wa kumpoto kwa Qi (550-577) unayamba kuwona kutalika kwa khoma kuyambira nthawi ya Qin ndi Han, pafupifupi makilomita 1,500. Ndipo Northern Zhou (557-581) wolamulira wa dynastic Emperor Jingdi anakonzanso Nyumba Yaikuru mu 579.
Mafumu a Ming: Kufunika kwa Khoma Kumakafika Kumtunda Watsopano
Pa nthawi ya Ming (1368-1644), Khoma Lalikulu linakhala mzere wofunikira kwambiri wotetezera kachiwiri. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang adayamba kukonzanso kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wake. Anapatsa mwana wake Zhu Di ndi mmodzi wa akuluakulu ake kuti akonze khoma lomwe linalipo ndi kumanga mpanda wolimba. Khoma Lalikulu la Ming linali njira yowonongera ma Mongols ochokera kumpoto kuti asawonongeke ndi kuwononga Beijing. Kwa zaka 200 zotsatira, mpandawo unalimbikitsidwa pomalizira makilomita 7,300.
Wall Today
Kumanga khoma la Ming ndilo alendo ambiri omwe amasangalala kwambiri lero.
Amayamba ku Shanhai Pass m'chigawo cha Hebei ndipo kumapeto kumadzulo ku Jiayuguan Pass m'chigawo cha Gansu m'mphepete mwa chipululu cha Gobi. Palibe zambiri zoti muone makilomita 500 apitawo osakhala kanthu koma miyala yosweka ndi miyala koma pakhoma (mu mawonekedwe oyamba a Ming) amatha kuwonekera pamene mukuyenda kudera la Gansu kuchokera ku Jiayuguan kupita ku Yumenguan, pakhomo ku "China" pamsewu wa Silk pansi pa Dina la Han.
Kukaona Khoma Lalikulu
Ndakhala kumadera osiyanasiyana a Great Wall kuchokera ku Yumen Gate, Jiayuguan ndikupita ku Ming Wall kumpoto kwa Beijing. Mosakayikira ndizosangalatsa kuyenda pamtunda ndi kuganizira nthawi yomwe yapita kuchokera pamene miyala ija idaikidwa. Werengani zambiri za kuyendera ku Khoma Lalikulu:
- Yumenguan (Chipata cha Jade), chipinda cha Han's Great Wall point ku China
- Shuidonggou , khoma losakonzedwanso la Ming lomwe limadutsa mkati mwa Mongolia
- Mutianyu ndi zigawo zina za khoma la Ming pafupi ndi Beijing