Mbiri mu Little Rock
Tangoganizani kuti ndi usiku usanafike tsiku lanu loyamba la Sukulu Yapamwamba. Inu mwadzazidwa ndi chisangalalo, mantha ndi kukangana. Mukudabwa kuti sukulu idzakhala yotani. Kodi makalasiwo adzakhala ovuta? Kodi ophunzirawo angakukondeni? Kodi aphunzitsi adzakhala okoma mtima? Mukufuna kuti mulowemo. Mimba yanu ili yodzaza ndi agulugufe mukamagona tulo ndikudabwa kuti mawa tidzakhala bwanji.
Tsopano taganizirani kuti ndinu wophunzira wakuda mu 1957 akukonzekera kupita ku Little Rock Central High School kukayesa zomwe zikuwoneka zosatheka - kuphatikizapo sukulu za boma.
Ophunzirawa adadziwa zomwe anthu amalingalira kuti alowe mu sekondale "zoyera". Iwo sanali kudandaula za kuyenerera. Amitundu ambiri, kuphatikizapo bwanamkubwa panthawiyo, Orval Faubus, anawatsutsa iwo. Chovuta kwambiri kwa ophunzira chinali chakuti anthu ambiri akuda amaganiza kuti kuphatikiza kwa pakati kungabweretse mavuto ambiri pamtundu wawo kusiyana ndi zabwino.
Usiku wam'mbuyo wa Thelma Mothershed, Elizabeth Eckford, Melba Pattillo, Jefferson Thomas, Ernest Green, Minniejean Brown, Carlotta Walls, Terrence Roberts ndi Gloria Ray, kapena "Little Rock Nine" monga momwe mbiri ikuwakumbukira, ankafunika kupita kusukulu ya sekondale usiku wamtendere wa tulo. Usiku unali wodzazidwa ndi chidani. Faubus adalengeza kuti kusamvana kunali kovuta pa lipoti la pa TV ndipo adalangiza a National Guard Guard kuti azungulire ku Central High ndikuchotsa anthu akuda kunja kwa sukulu. Iwo anawasunga iwo kunja kwa tsiku loyamba la kalasi.
Daisy Bates adawauza ophunzira kuti amuyembekezere Lachitatu, tsiku lachiwiri la sukulu, ndipo adakonzekera ophunzira onse asanu ndi anayi kuti adzilowe kusukulu. Mwatsoka, Elizabeth Eckford, mmodzi mwa asanu ndi anayi, analibe foni. Sanalandire uthengawo ndikuyesera kulowa sukulu yekha pakhomo lolowera.
Anthu achiwawa anakumana naye, akumuopseza kuti amugwire, monga momwe asilikali a National Arkansas ankayang'anira. Mwamwayi, azungu awiri adayamba kumuthandiza kuti apulumutse popanda kuvulaza. Ena asanu ndi atatuwo adatsutsidwa ndi a National Guard omwe adalamulidwa ndi Bwanamkubwa Faubus.
Zitangotha izi, Pa September 20, Ronald N. Davies anapereka aphungu a NAACP a Thurgood Marshall ndi Wiley Branton lamulo lomwe linapangitsa Gavana Faubus kuti asagwiritse ntchito National Guard kuti akane ophunzira 9 akuda ku Central High. Faubus adalengeza kuti adzalandira lamulo la khoti koma adzalimbikitsa kuti asanu ndi anayi akhale kutali ndi chitetezo chawo. Pulezidenti Eisenhower adatumizira Little Rockne Division ku Little Rock kuti ateteze ophunzira asanu ndi anayi. Wophunzira aliyense anali ndi mlonda wake. Ophunzirawo adalowa ku Central High ndipo anali otetezedwa, koma anali chizunzo. Ophunzira amawadzudzula, kuwawombera, ndi kuwanyoza. Azimayi achizungu anachotsa ana awo kusukulu, ndipo ngakhale wakuda adawauza asanu ndi anayi kuti asiye. Nchifukwa chiyani iwo anakhalabe pansi pa zovuta zoterezi? Ernest Green akuti "Ife ana tinachichita makamaka chifukwa chakuti sitinkadziwa bwino, koma makolo athu anali okonzeka kuika ntchito zawo, ndi nyumba zawo pamzerewu."
Mmodzi mwa atsikanawa, Minniejean Brown, adaimitsidwa chifukwa chotsitsa mbale ya chilonda pamutu wa wozunza ake ndipo sanatsirize sukulu. Ena asanu ndi atatuwo adatsiriza chaka. Ernest Green anamaliza maphunziro awo chaka chino. Iye anali woyamba wakuda kuti adziwe konse kuchokera ku Central High .
Uku sikunali mapeto a chidani pafupi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. Faubus adayesedwa kuti asamapangitse sukulu zake kuti zisagwirizane. Komiti ya Sukulu ya Little Rock inapatsidwa chilango chochedwa kuchepetsa mgwirizano mpaka 1961.
Komabe, chigamulocho chinasinthidwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu Loyang'anira Dera la United States ndipo mgwirizano unakhazikitsidwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu mu 1958. Faubus ananyalanyaza chigamulocho ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake kutseka sukulu za Little Rock. Panthawi yopuma, ophunzira oyera ankafika kusukulu zapadera kuderalo koma ophunzira akuda sanasankhe koma kudikirira.
Ophunzira atatu a Little Rock Nine anasamuka. Otsala asanuwo adatenga maphunziro a makalata ochokera ku yunivesite ya Arkansas. Pamene zochitika za Faubus zinayesedwa zosagwirizana ndi malamulo ndipo sukulu zinatsegulidwanso mu 1959, ophunzira awiri akuda okha anapatsidwa ntchito ku Central - Jefferson Thompson ndi Carlotta Walls. Anamaliza maphunziro awo mu 1959.
Ophunzira asanu ndi atatuwa, ngakhale kuti sanadziwe, ndiye kuti anapanga mafunde aakulu mu kayendetsedwe ka ufulu wa anthu. Sikuti anangosonyeza kuti akuda amatha kumenyera ufulu wawo ndi WIN , ndipo adabweretsanso lingaliro la tsankho kutsogolo kwa malingaliro a anthu.
Awonetsa mtunduwu kuti ndizochitika zoopsa komanso zoopsa zomwe azungu angatenge pofuna kuteteza tsankho. Mosakayika, zochitika ku Central High zinapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azikhala ndi ufulu wotsutsana komanso ufulu wa anthu akuda kuti athandize ufulu wa anthu. Ngati ana asanu ndi anayi angathe kutenga ntchito yayikulu, akhoza kutero.
Tiyenera kulemekeza mtima wa ophunzira asanu ndi anaiwo ndikukhulupirira chifukwa ndi iwo, ndi anthu onga iwo, amene apanga momwe timakhalira lero. Ndi anthu omwe, kukhala ndi moyo tsopano, amagawana malingaliro omwewo ndi kulimbika mtima komwe kudzasintha momwe timakhalira mtsogolo. Inde, tachoka kutali kuchokera ku Central Phase mu 1957 koma tikukhala ndi ulendo wautali woti tipite.