Mafilimu a Amsterdam

01 a 08

Mzinda wa Mzinda wa Amsterdam

Dziko la Netherlands ndilo malo otchuka kwambiri okwera ndege, ndipo pamene malo ozunguliridwa ndi mphepo angawoneke malo abwino kwambiri kwa iwo, ngakhale midzi ili ndi mphero zawo. Pezani zokhudzana ndi zinyumba zam'tawuni za Amsterdam - mbiri yawo, zomangamanga komanso zofalitsa alendo - mujambulajambula.

02 a 08

Krijtmolen d'Admiraal (D'Admiraal Clay Mill)

Adilesi: Noordhollandschkanaaldijk 21, 1034 ZL Amsterdam
Malo: Amsterdam Noord (Kumpoto)
Tsegulani: Loweruka lirilonse lachiwiri la mwezi, 10 koloko mpaka 3 koloko masana, kuyambira April mpaka Oktoba, komanso pa National Mill Day.

Mzinda wa Molen d'Admiraal ndiwowona, makamaka kwa alendo omwe ali ndi ana: Sikuti nthawi zina amatha kutsegulira alendo, koma amapita ku Kinderboerderij (Farm Children's) De Buiktuin, kumene ana angagwirizane ndi zosiyanasiyana ziweto. (Tip: Tengani chombo chaulere chochokera ku Amsterdam Central Station kupita ku IJplein chodutsa kuti akawoloke mtsinje kupita kumpoto.)

D'Admiraal ndi chitsanzo chakumapeto (1792) cha mphero ya nsanja, kamodzi kamene kankagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphete (yogwiritsidwa ntchito penti ndi mafuta) ndi phulusa (phulusa losaka moto lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope). Akuti ndi mphepo yokhayo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphepo yomwe ikugwiritsabe ntchito. Yang'anani pa webusaiti ya Krijtmolen d'Admiraal (Dutch okha); ngati mphero yamagetsi ikugwira ntchito, ndi mmenenso alili wothandizana naye weniweni.

Mpheroyi imatchedwa dzina lake woyamba, Elizabeth Admiraal, mbadwa ya mtsogoleri wotchuka yemwe anasankha dzina lake monga dzina la banja; anali ndi zaka 90 pamene mpheroyo inamangidwa koma adafa chaka chitatha. Pambuyo pa miller wotsiriza wopuma pantchito, mu 1954, bungwe lopulumutsa malo linakhazikitsidwa kuti libwezeretse mpheroyo, yomwe tsopano ili yomaliza kanyumba kochoka m'dzikoli.

03 a 08

Molen De Bloem (kapena De Blom)

Adilesi: Osasankhidwa 465, 1055 PK Amsterdam
Malo: Bos en Lommer
Tsegulani: Pa tsiku la National Mill

Mphepo zam'mphepete mwa Dutch sizongokhala malo ozungulira a m'midzi; alendo angawapeze ngakhale kumzinda wa Amsterdam, kumangoyenda kumadera otchuka kwambiri mumzindawo. Aliyense amene amaima pa WesterGasFabriek - akhale a brunch ku Bakkerswinkel , khofi ku Espressofabriek kapena mussel ku Mossel & Gin - adzalandira mphero yosangalatsa yomwe ili pafupi ndi msewu kuchokera ku chipinda chodyera ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha kumpoto chakumadzulo. Ngakhale kunja kumatha kuyamika chaka chonse, mkati mwawo ndikutseguka pa National Mill Day , sabata lachiwiri la May.

De Bloem (yotchedwa 'pachimake') Mphepo ya mphepo - yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa De Blom - inamangidwa mu 1768 monga wotsatila watsopano ndi wotsitsila ku mphero yapitayi. Mphero yakale inali mphero, yomwe ndi mphero yomwe thupi lake - linakwera pa nsanamira - liyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti masamba ake ayang'ane ndi mphepo; mphero yatsopano, mphero ya nsanja, kuloledwa kokha kapu kapena gawo lapamwamba la mphero kuti lizasinthasintha pamene maziko ake adayikidwa, kukhazikika bwino ndi koyenera. Mphero yamakonoyi idakhazikitsidwa kumalo ena a mzindawo, koma idasamukira kukatenga malo a Marnixstraat masiku ano; Zimatengera dzina lake kuchokera ku De Bloem, komwe kunali kampupala komwe kamphero kamodzi kamayima.

04 a 08

Molen De Gooyer

Adilesi: Funenkade 5, 1018 AL Amsterdam
Malo: Funsani (pakati pa Kadijken ndi Eastern Docklands)
Tsegulani: Ayi, koma mwakuphonya Brouwerij 't IJ pamene muli pomwepo!

De Gooyer ndi imodzi mwa mipando yomwe imakonda kwambiri mumzindawu - osati chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, mbiri yake komanso malo ake aakulu komanso chifukwa cha mfuti yomwe imakhala mumthunzi wake. Mzindawu uli pakati pa Kadijken, chigawo cha kumpoto kwa Artis Zoo , ndi Eastern Docklands, De Gooyer ndi mzere wokhala ndi makina olemera mamita 26,6, womwe uli wamtali wamtali kwambiri m'dzikolo. .

Mu mthunzi wa skyscraper uyu wokongola wa windmill, alendo adzapeza Brouwerij 't IJ, microbrewery ndi malo osungira malo - kamodzi kanyumba kanyumba kanyumba - kamene kali ndi patio yaikulu. Pamene mphero inatsekedwa kwa anthu, maulendo a brewery amachitika Lachisanu ndi Lachisanu, Loweruka, ndi Lamlungu.

Mofanana ndi Molen De Bloem pamwambapa, De Gooyer anayamba ngati mphepo yosiyana-siyana pamtunda wina - gawo lina lakumbuyo kwa zaka za zana la 17 lomwe linasunthidwa kangapo panthawiyi ndipo potsirizira pake linalowetsedwa ndi mphero yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe ilipo lero. Posakhalitsa, mu 1759, adasunthira ku malo omwe ali nawo tsopano ku Funen. (Mphero nthawi zina, koma nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Funenmolen.) Mphero imatchedwa dzina la abale omwe anali ndi mandala akale omwe adachokera ku Gooiland kapena Het Gooi, kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa North Holland kumene mzinda wa media Hilversum uli ilipo.

05 a 08

Molen De Otter

Adilesi: Gillis van Ledenberchstraat 78, 1052 VK Amsterdam
Malo: Frederik Hendrikbuurt, kumadzulo kwa Jordaan
Tsegulani: Ayi

Zojambulajambula, monga momwe wolemba mbiri wina amalemba, zinabwera mu mitundu iwiri: mphero yowona , ndi paltrok mphero, owerengeka omwe amakhalapo ku Netherlands lerolino. De Otter, yomwe inayamba kuyambira mu 1631, ndi chitsanzo chakumapeto kwake; pamene amisiri ambiri omwe amapanga masitima nthawi ina ankakhala ku Kostverlorenvaart - ngalande yomwe imadutsa malire akumadzulo a Frederik Hendrikbuurt - Otter tsopano ndiyo yotsala. Kuwonjezera apo, mzindawu unatsala pang'ono kutaya mphepo pamene, mu 2011, eni ake enieni anayesera kuti asamuke ku paki ya mphepo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Amsterdam.

De Otter ndi wapadera kwa okonda mphepo chifukwa ndi imodzi mwa mphero zisanu zokha zomwe zilipo ku Netherlands. Mwala wa paltrok , womwe umapezeka pamphero (onani De Bloem, pamwambapa), umakhala pansi pamakona opangira matabwa omwe amasinthasintha mphero kuti ayang'ane ndi mphepo. Maonekedwe a mphero akuti amatulutsa paltrok, jekete lotayirira, yapamwamba m'nthaŵi zamakedzana, yomwe inalumikizidwa pakati ndi lamba - choncho dzina lake, limene nthawi zambiri limasiyidwa. Mpherozi nthawi zambiri zinkapezeka ku Zaanstreek, dera lodziwika ndi mafakitale omwe amachititsa mphepo; Ndipotu, miyala ya paltrok yokhazikika - yotsegulidwa kwa anthu - ingapezeke ku Zaanse Schans .

06 ya 08

De Riekermolen (The Rieker Windmill)

Adilesi: De Borcht 10, 1083 AC Amsterdam
Malo: Amstelpark
Tsegulani: Ayi

De Riekermolen amaima kumwera kwenikweni kwa Amstelpark, kumene amagawira mabanki a Amstel ndi chojambula kwa wojambula Rembrandt van Rijn. Wojambulayo anajambula kwambiri mtsinjewo; koma pamene mphepo yam'mwamba inamangidwa mu nthawi ya Rembrandt - mu 1631 - sizinaphatikizepo malo ena a mtsinje wa mtsinje kufikira zaka zoposa 300 pamene mzinda unasunthira kumeneko kuchokera kumadzulo.

Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake Riekermolen ndi mphero yopanda polisi . Pofuna kulanda dziko lawo kuchokera ku madzi, a Dutch adagwiritsa ntchito mpherozi kuti agwiritse ntchito mphepo kuti imwe madzi m'munda. Nthawi ina Riekermolen inkaima ku Sloten, pafupi ndi Molen van Sloten (Sloten Windmill). M'zaka za m'ma 1950, mphepo yam'mphepete mwa mphepo idapuma pantchito ndikupita ku malo ake okongola.

07 a 08

Molen van Sloten (Sloten Windmill)

Adilesi: Akersluis 10, 1066 EZ Amsterdam-Sloten
Malo: Sloten (kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Amsterdam)
Tsegulani: Inde

Mwinamwake wotchuka kwambiri pamakina a mphepo a mzindawo, Sloten Windmill amadziwika kuti ali otsegulira alendo tsiku ndi tsiku, chaka chonse (kutseka maholide ena). Mphero ya nsanja sinamangidwe kufikira 1990 ndipo wakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira nthawiyo ngati mphero. Chifukwa cha zomangidwe zake zatsopano, ndi imodzi mwa mipando yochepa yokhala ndi mphepo yokwera ndi okwera, alendo olumala kwambiri angasangalatsenso mkatikati mwa mphero.

Ulendo woyendetsera galimotoyo umatha kuyambira 10 am mpaka 5 koloko masana (ulendo wotsiriza umachokera 4:30 pm). Mpheroyi imakhalanso ndi ziwonetsero ziwiri zokhazikika: chimodzi pa moyo wa Rembrandt, yemwe abambo ake anali miller; wina, "Amsterdam ndi Madzi", amayang'ana ubale wa mzinda ndi madzi, mutu woyenera wa mphero. Pakhomo lotsatira, Kuiperijmuseum (Coopery Museum) idaperekedwa ku kupanga mbiya zamatabwa - msonkho wapadera ku malonda a esoteric.

08 a 08

De 1100 Roe ndi De 1200 Roe

Miyendo iwiri yotsatira mphepo imakhala ndi mbiri yofanana, dzina lofanana ndi - kamodzi pa nthawi - malo ofanana; tsopano iwo ali mu magawo awiri osiyana a mzindawo. Onse awiri ali kutali kwambiri ndi mzindawu, choncho ndi bwino kukwera njinga kuti mukafike kwa iwo.

De 1100 Roe

Adilesi: Herman Bonpad 6, 1067 SN Amsterdam
Malo: Amsterdam Osdorp
Tsegulani: Ayi

Anthu okhaokha omwe amapereka mphepo yamkuntho amapita kumalo akutali a mzindawo kukawona mphepo yotchedwa windmill, yomwe imatchedwa "De 1100 Roe" - ndodo 1100. Mofanana ndi mapepala ena amtunduwu, dzina limatanthawuza malo omwe analigayo , 1100, kapena "ndodo" - chinthu chakale chomwe chimakhala mamita asanu - kuchokera ku Haarlemmerpoort. Kumeneku kunkagwiranso ntchito ngati mphero yopangidwa kuchokera ku 1674 mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, pamene idathyoledwa ndi kumangidwanso kumtunda kuti zikhale zouma ndi Sportpark Ookmeer.

De 1200 Roe

Adilesi: Haarlemmerweg 701, 1063 LE Amsterdam-Slotermeer
Malowa: Slotermeer
Tsegulani: Ayi

Zonse za 1100 Roe ndi 1200 Roe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhetsa oyandikana nawo pafupi. Koma 1200 Roe, adakalibe malo okwana 1200 (3 miles / 5 km) kumadzulo kwa Haarlemmerpoort - malo ena omwe anthu omwe ali odzipereka kwambiri, omwe ali ndi makilomita 6.5 kuchokera kumzinda.