Mahatchi Achilengedwe, Zizindikiro za Kumadzulo, Kupikisana Kutsutsana
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za akavalo zakutchire Kumadzulo, makamaka ku Nevada. Nkhaniyi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha zinyama izi komanso zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti akhalebe ndi mahatchi abwino komanso malo omwe akuyenda. Malamulo ndi machitidwe oyendetsa akavalo zakutchire amalembedwa mu Act Free-Roaming Horses ndi Burros Act ya 1971 (ndi kusintha komwe kunachitika mu 1976, 1978, ndi 2004).
Bungwe lalikulu la federal lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mahatchi ndi zilombo zakutchire pamtunda wa anthu ndi Bureau of Land Management (BLM), mkono wa Dipatimenti ya Zanyumba za ku America. Bungwe la BLM State Office la Nevada lili pa 1340 Financial Blvd., Reno NV 89502. Maofesi a maofesi ali 7:30 am mpaka 4:30 pm, Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu. Nambala ya foni yolumikizidwa ndi (775) 861-6400. Zina mwazomwe za nkhaniyi zinaperekedwa ndi Susie Stokke, Pulogalamu ya Horse ndi Burro Pulogalamu ya BLM Nevada, Resources Division.
Mahatchi Ambiri Ambiri
Iyi ndi nkhani yovuta ndi mbali zambiri zosuntha ndi zofuna zotsutsana. BLM imayenera kuyendetsa akavalo ndi maulamuliro monga mwa lamulo la 1971 ndi kusintha kwake. Mwachidule, izo zikutanthauza kusunga chiwerengero cha mahatchi omwe ali ndi mpikisano wotere monga zoweta ng'ombe kuti thanzi la mahatchi komanso mautchire asatengedwe. Malingana ndi BLM, pali akavalo ambiri kunja uko ndipo zinthu zatha.
Bungwe la BLM lomwe linatulutsidwa pa June 30, 2008 linanena kuti pali mahatchi okwana 33,000 ndi akavalo (29,500 akavalo, 3,500 burros) m'mayiko omwe amayendetsedwa ndi BLM ku Western. Nevada amakhala pafupi ndi theka la nyama izi. BLM yapeza 27,300 monga mahatchi ndi mabarros omwe angathe kukhala m'mayiko ake ogwirizana ndi ntchito zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (msipu, nyama zakutchire, migodi, zosangalatsa, etc.).
Nambalayi imatchedwa woyenera woyendetsa bwino (AML). Padziko lonse, pali zamoyo pafupifupi 5,700 zowonongeka. Stokke adanena kuti AML ku Nevada ndi 13,098, ndipo chiŵerengero cha 23% chili pamwamba pa 16,143 (kuyambira mu February, 2008).
BLM imapereka zinyama zamtundu wochuluka zomwe zachotsedwa m'mabwalo onse afupi ndi a nthawi yayitali. Pali mahatchi oposa 30,000 omwe akudyetsedwa komanso akusamalidwa m'malo ambiri, kuphatikizapo Palomino Valley National Adoption Centre kumpoto kwa Sparks, Nevada. Chaka chatha chaka cha 2007, BLM inagwiritsa ntchito $ 21.9 miliyoni $ 38.8 ya akavalo zakutchire ndi bajeti yosungirako ndalama pokhapokha kusunga nyama ku malowa. Ziwerengero zomwe zimaperekedwa m'mabuku a posachedwa a BLM Factsheet ndalama zidzasinthika pa $ 77 miliyoni pofika mu 2012 ngati machitidwe omwe akutsogolera akuchitika. Popeza ndalama zoterezi sizingatheke, BLM iyenera kupanga zosankha zovuta, popanda njira ina yabwino kapena yosangalatsa.
Kuloledwa kwa Mahatchi a Kumtunda Kutha
Kupereka mahatchi ndi burros kuti azisamalidwa ndi njira yoyamba yosamutsira nyama zowonjezera kuchoka pamtunda ndikusamalira. Ngakhale pulogalamu ya BLM yovomerezeka ikadali yolimba, manambala sakugwiranso ntchito.
Mu 2007, nyama zokwana 7,726 zidakonzedwa ndipo 4,772 anavomerezedwa. Kuwona kuti mahatchi ndi zakutchire zakutchire zimatha kuwirikiza ziweto zawo zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ndipo alibe zinyama zakutchire kupatulapo mikango yamapiri mu malo ochepa owazikana ku Nevada, sizili zovuta kuona momwe ziwerengero izi zidzasinthidwe pokhapokha ngati zatha.
A Stokke adanena kuti ana omwe adakhalapo akuchepa kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo zaka ziwiri zapitazi zikupita pang'onopang'ono. Pakali pano mu 2008, mlingowo ndi theka la cholinga chofunikira kuti akwaniritse AML pokhala ndi BLM. Iye ananena kuti, chifukwa cha ziwerengero zambiri monga kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi kukwera kwa ndalama, zofunikira sizingakhalepo.
Kusintha kwa Chiwerengero cha Anthu, Kukwera Kwambiri
Kusunga mahatchi sizotsika mtengo. Malingana ndi Stokke, matani sikisi a udzu ndi kavalo amafuna kuti pachaka mtengo ukhale madola 900 mu 2007.
Mu 2008, kudzakhala $ 1920. Onjezerani zina monga chakudya cha tirigu, mapepala a vet, okwera, galimoto ndi ngolo, malo odyetserako ziweto, nkhokwe (ngati simukukhala mumudzi), ndipo muli ndi nyama yokwera mtengo. Mtengo wokha umalepheretsa anthu ambiri kuti asatenge, ndipo palibenso anthu ambiri omwe amawakonda monga momwe zinaliri zaka zingapo zapitazo. Pamene anthu akukhala a urbanizedwe, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi akavalo monga gawo la chikhalidwe chawo chikuchepa. Kuwombera midzi kumapanganso malo ozungulira madera omwe mizinda, malo odyetserako ziweto, ndi minda analipo. Pali malo ambiri omwe mahatchi angakhale nawo.
BLM amayesera kufanana ndi zochitika zazing'ono ndi malo omwe akadali ndi chikhalidwe chokwera cha akavalo. Nevada ndi imodzi mwa iwo, koma kugwidwa kwa mzinda kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa, ndipo palibe anthu ambiri kuno. Zina ndi Texas, Wyoming, California, ndi Wisconsin.
Chinthu china chimene Stokke anatsimikizira ndicho kuchepa kwa makampani a akavalo. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta, anthu ambiri omwe amasunga mahatchi, kaya ma mustang kapena zilonda zakutchire, sangathe kukwanitsa kuchita zimenezi. Pa Palomino Valley yomwe ili kumpoto kwa Sparks, adati mabotolo asanu ndi anayi adabwezedwa chaka chino, ndipo anthu akunena za mavuto azachuma chifukwa chomwe sangathe kusunga nyama.
Zolinga Zomwe Zingatheke Zakale
"Potsirizira pake, tikusowa nyumba zabwino zokwana 33,000. Ngati sitingazipeze, tili ndi zochepa chabe." Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, "anatero Stokke, ponena za akavalo omwe ali kale malo ogwirira ntchito.
Njira imodzi ndiyo kusiya kusonkhanitsa mahatchi pamtunda, motero amaletsa kusungunuka kwa nyama kumalo osungiramo katundu komanso mtengo wochuluka wa kusunga iwo kumeneko. Mtsogoleri Wachigawo wa BLM, Henri Bisson, m'nkhani yatsopano ya mu Reno Gazette-Journal, adati kuimitsa mipiringidzo kungapangitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mitsinje komanso njala ya mahatchi ambiri.
"Kwa ine, chinthu chosautsa kwambiri chikanakhala kuona nyama izi zikuvutika ndikufa pang'onopang'ono." Ndi imfa yamkhanza, "adatero Stokke. Zidzaphwanyiranso lamuloli mu lamulo la 1971 lomwe likufuna BLM kusunga ndi kuteteza akavalo abwino pa nthaka yabwino. Buston adalankhula kwa Associated Press, kuphatikizapo adutasasasia ndi euthanasia, ndizofunika kuti azitsatira malamulo.
BLM ili ndi mphamvu zowonjezera akavalo zakutchire ndi burros. Malinga ndi BLM Factsheet, kusintha kwa 1978 kwa lamulo lapachiyambi "kumapatsa BLM kuti akwaniritse mahatchi ochulukitsitsa ndi mahatchi omwe anthu amafunikira kuti asakhalepo."
Kuchokera mu 2004, BLM yakhala ikugulitsa mahatchi ndi burros omwe ali osachepera zaka 10 kapena athandizidwa kuti abwerere katatu. Ulamuliro wochita izi unakhazikitsidwa pokonzanso malamulo oyambirira.
Pakalipano, malonda akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ogula akukonzekera kuti azisamalira nthawi yaitali, koma pali dongosolo logulitsa "popanda malire," kutanthawuza kuti zinyama zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito movomerezeka kamodzi kamodzi katatuluka kuchokera ku BLM kupita kwa mwiniwake.
Chinthu choyenera kupitiriza ndi bizinesi monga mwachizolowezi chilinso. Ngati pulogalamu yamakono, kuchotseratu, ndi kusungidwa ikupitilizidwa, zikuyesa kuti ndalama zitha kufika $ 77 miliyoni pofika mu 2012.
Chiwongoladzanja cha 2008 chili chochepa kuposa chaka cha 2007 ndi $ 1.8 miliyoni, kotero sizikuwoneka kuti pali thandizo lokwanira pandale kuti lipitirize pulogalamuyo pomwe ilipo.
Malingana ndi Stokke, pakali pano palibe wothandizira kuti azitha kubereka mahatchi. Zomwe ziripo ndi pafupifupi 90% zogwira ntchito chaka choyamba, ngati zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi yoyenera ya chaka. Mtundu wa mahatchi akuyendayenda kudera lonse la Nevada umapangitsa kuti izi zikhale zovuta. Komabe, BLM ikugwira ntchito yofufuzira ndi American Humane Society kuti ikhale ndi wothandizira kulera omwe ali othandiza kwambiri ndipo amagwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo.
Mitengo Yamtundu Yowonjezera Yamtengo Wapatali
BLM imathandizira mapulogalamu opangidwa kuti apangitse phindu la akavalo zakutchire kuti likhale lovomerezeka. Pogwirizanitsa ndi Mustang Heritage Foundation, BLM imathandiza kuthandizira maphunziro a akavalo zakutchire kotero kuti ndi okongola ngati ovomerezeka kusiyana ndi omwe angoyambira kumene.
BLM imagwiranso ntchito ndi madera ena okonzekera boma. Ku Nevada, akaidi omwe amaphunzitsidwa akavalo zakutchire amatha kupezedwa kudzera ku Dipatimenti ya Corvisions ya Nevada, Malo Otentha Amadzi Otsekemera ku Carson City. Nthaŵi zosiyanasiyana, maulendo ogulitsa a akavalo ophunzitsidwa amachitanso.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde imvani (775) 861-6469.
Akuluakulu a Katolika Akufuna Kudziwa Zambiri
Nick Rahall, Pulezidenti wa Komiti ya Nyumba ya Zachilengedwe, ndi Raul Grijalva, Wotsogolera wa Komiti Yachigawo M'mapiri, Mitengo ndi Anthu Olemba Padziko Lonse, analemba kalata ya Bisson ya pa 9 Julayi 2008, akulongosola nkhawa zawo zokhudzana ndi zochitika zomwe zingatheke ndi BLM ponena za kusintha kayendedwe ka kavalo wamtchire komanso machitidwe a burro. Ali ndi mafunso ambiri okhudza momwe angapangire ndi chifukwa chake BLM imadzipeza yokha kuti iyenera kuganizira za euthanasia ya akavalo zakutchire ndi burros. Iwo akupempha kuti BLM ichitenso kanthu mpaka bungwe la Government Accountability Office (GAO) likunena za kayendetsedwe ka kavalo wamtchire ndi pulogalamu ya burro yolandiridwa ndikuyang'aniranso ndi Congress, BLM, ndi National Wild Horse ndi Bungwe la Advocacy Board.
Lipotilo liyenera kuchitika mu September, 2008.
Tumizani Maganizo Anu pa Bungwe la BLM Wild Horse ndi Burro Program
Panthawiyi, BLM ikufufuza zonse zomwe zingapezeke mwalamulo kuti zithetse kavalo wam'tchire ndi anthu a burro. Ngati mukufuna kupereka ndemanga ndi chidziwitso ngati membala, webusaiti ya BLM ili ndi mawonekedwe pa intaneti kuti apereke ndemanga.
Hatchi Yam'tchire ndi Burro Information kuchokera ku BLM
- Mahatchi a Free Free-Roaming Horse ndi Burros Act wa 1971
- BLM National Horse Horse ndi Burro Information Center
- BLM Nevada Wild Horse ndi Burro Program
- BLM Ndondomeko ya Hatchi Yachilengedwe Yakutchire
- Bungwe la National Wild Horse & Burro Advisory Board
Kulandira Horse Yakutchire Kapena Burro
- Kulandira Horse kapena Burro Yam'tchire ku Nevada
- Ndondomeko ya Mahatchi a Bulu lachilengedwe ndi Burro Internet
- Hatchi Yam'tchire ndi Ziwerengero za Pulogalamu ya Burro
Magulu Ovomerezeka a Horse Wild Private
Magulu okonda mahatchi apachilengedwe amapereka malingaliro osiyanasiyana pazombo zakutchire. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka bwino, kuyesetsa kukweza mahatchi zakutchire monga zokopa alendo, ndikupereka malipiro kwa anthu akuluakulu okonzeka kupereka chisamaliro kwa nthawi yaitali ndikudyetserako ziweto nyama.
- Mustang Heritage Foundation
- Kusungidwa kwa Hatchi zakutchire
- Tiyeni Em Em Foundation
- Ntchito Yopulumutsira Mahatchi ku America
- Zosintha Zanyama Zachilengedwe
- Kuteteza Ma Mustang Amereka
Zotsatira:
- Kufunsa pa 7/10/08 ndi Susie Stokke, Dipatimenti ya Horse ndi Burro Yotsogolera ku BLM Nevada, Resources Division.
- Ndondomeko: Mavuto Otsutsana ndi BLM mu Ulamuliro Wake wa Mahatchi ndi Burros, June 30, 2008, Bungwe la Land Management, Public Office Office, Washington, DC Contact: Tom Gorey (202) 452-5137.
- Reno Gazette Journal, 7/1/08, 7/7/08.
Kuwululidwa Kwambiri: Ndine wodzipereka ndi BLM Nevada State Office, makamaka yogwira ntchito yojambula zithunzi.