Midzi ndi Minda ya Dera
Okafika ku Chaco m'chigawo cha Paraguay - South America's Last Frontier - nthawi zambiri amaima ku Filadelfia m'mtima mwa a Mennonites ku Paraguay.
Anthu a ku Mennonite anafika ku Paraguay kuchokera ku Germany, Canada, Russia ndi mayiko ena chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo: ufulu wa chipembedzo, mwayi wochita zikhulupiriro zawo popanda choletsa, kufunafuna malo. Ngakhale kuti ochoka ku Germany anali atakhazikika ku Paraguay kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, panalibe kufikira m'ma 1920 ndi makumi atatu, ambiri anafika.
Ambiri ochokera ku Russia anali kuthaŵa kuwonongedwa kwa Revolution ya Bolshevik ndiyeno pambuyo pake ku Stalin. Iwo anapita ku Germany ndi ku mayiko ena ndipo kenaka anaphatikizidwa ku dziko la Paraguay.
Paraguay inalandira anthu obwera kwawo. Panthawi ya nkhondo ya Triple Alliance ndi oyandikana nawo Uruguay, Brazil ndi Argentina, Paraguay inasowa malo ambiri komanso amuna ambiri. Ambiri mwa anthu a ku Paraguay adakhazikika kumadzulo kwa dzikoli, kummawa kwa mtsinje wa Paraguay, kuchoka ku Chaco pafupi ndi anthu osakhalamo. Kuti mukhale ndi dera lino la nkhalango, mathithi, ndi mathithi, komanso kulimbikitsa chuma ndi kuchepa kwa anthu, Paraguay inavomereza kuti malo a Mennonite azikhalamo.
Amennonites anali ndi mbiri ya alimi abwino kwambiri, ogwira ntchito mwakhama, ndi kulangidwa muzochita zawo. Kuphatikizanso apo, mphekesera ya mafuta imayikidwa mu Chaco, ndi kugawidwa kwa Bolivia kudera limenelo, komwe kunayambitsa nkhondo ya 1932 ya Chaco, inachititsa kuti pakhale ndale kuti ikhale yandale ndi nzika za Paraguay.
(Kumapeto kwa nkhondo, Bolivia inataya gawo lake lalikulu ku Paraguay, koma mayiko onse awiri adawonongeka moyo ndi kukhulupilika.)
Pofuna ufulu wachipembedzo, kukhululukidwa usilikali, ufulu wolankhula Chijeremani m'masukulu ndi kwina kulikonse, ufulu wotsogolera maphunziro awo, zamankhwala, mabungwe ndi mabungwe a zachuma, a Mennonites adavomereza kuti awononge malo omwe sanaganizire komanso osabereka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi.
Lamulo la 1921 lomwe linaperekedwa ndi msonkhano wa ku Paraguay inalola kuti a Mennonite ku Paraguay akhazikitse boma m'chigawo cha Boqueron.
Omasamukira atatu akuluakulu anafika:
- gulu lina la ku Canada lochokera ku Manitoba linakhazikitsa mzinda wa Menno mu 1926-1927
- gulu lochokera ku Ukraine ndi dera la Amour mtsinje linabwera kudzera ku China ndipo linapanga chilumba cha Fernheim mu 1930
- gulu la othaŵa kwawo ku Russia linakhazikitsa dziko la Neuland mu 1947
Zinthu zinali zovuta kwa owerengeka owerengeka. Kuphulika kwa typhoid kunapha ambiri a olamulira oyambirira. Otsatirawo adapitilirabe, kupeza madzi, kupanga malo ochepa ogulitsa ntchito zaulimi, minda ya ng'ombe ndi minda ya mkaka. Ambiri mwa iwo adasonkhana pamodzi ndikupanga Filadelfia mu 1932. Filadelfia inakhala bungwe la bungwe, la zamalonda ndi lachuma. Magazini ya Chijeremani Mennoblatt yomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'masiku oyambirira akupitirizabe lero ndipo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Filadelfia imasonyeza maulendo a Mennonite ndi mavuto oyambirira. Malowa amapereka dziko lonse ndi zakudya ndi mkaka. Mukhoza kuyang'ana kanema yonena za mbiri ya Mennonite ku Paraguay ku Hotel Florida ku Filadelfia.
Odziwika ngati malo a Mennonitenkolonie , Filadelfia amaonedwa kuti ndiwo amodzi komanso amodzi omwe amapezeka m'dera la Paraguay komanso malo oyendayenda.
Anthu okhalamo akulankhulabe Plautdietsch, chinenero cha ku Canada chimatchedwanso German Low, kapena German German, Hockdeutsch m'masukulu. Ambiri amalankhula Chisipanishi ndi Chingerezi.
Kupambana kwa malo a Mennonite kwachititsa boma la Paraguay kuti likulitse chitukuko cha Chaco, pogwiritsa ntchito kupezeka kwa madzi abwino. Ena ammudzi a Mennonite amaopa kuti ufulu wawo ukhale pangozi.
Nkhumba za mandimu, zitsamba, ndi sorgum zozungulira Filadelfia zimakopa nyama zakutchire, makamaka mbalame zomwe zimabweretsa anthu amitundu yonse padziko lapansi kuti akhale njiwa ndi kuwombera nkhunda. Ena amabwera maulendo oyendayenda kapena safaris yazithunzi kuti aone nyama zakuthengo zowonongeka ndi amagugu, pumas ndi ocelots.
Ena, monga mafuko angapo a ku India, amakopeka ndi zifukwa zachuma. Oyendetsa ku Chaco agula ntchito zawo zonga, monga zomwe zinapangidwa ndi Nivaclé.
Ndi msewu waukulu wa Trans-Chaco womwe ukugwirizanitsa Asunción (450 km) ndi Filadelfia, Chaco ndi yofikira kwambiri. Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Filadelfia kukhala maziko ofufuza Chaco.
Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuwona Filadelfia ndi kuzungulira:
- Mzinda wa Jakob Unger ku Filadelfia nkhani ya Mennonite kufika ndi mbiri yakale, kuphatikizapo maiko a ku India a Chaco. Musaphonye mural yosonyeza ulendo wa munthu mmodzi kudutsa mayiko ambiri kuchokera ku Russia kupita ku Paraguay.
- Loma Plata ku Menno colony ndi yakale komanso yambiri ya Mennonitenkolonie . Zithunzi zosungirako zinthu zakale zimayambira mwatsatanetsatane moyo waulimi ndi zipangizo, nyumba ya apainiya, ndi zithunzi.
- Neu-Halbstadt ku Neuland koloni ndilo likulu la malo ndi malo abwino ogula zipangizo za manja za Amwenye.
- Fortín Toledo kuti akacheze malo otchedwa Proyecto Tagua pomwe nthawi yomweyo peccaries yatha kuwonongedwa ndikumasulidwa kuthengo.
- Parque Nacional Defensores del Chaco , chigwa chachitsulo chokhala ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali chomwe chiri chachikulu ndi 500m (1640ft) Cerro León. Dothi lachitsamba laminga ndi nyumba ya jaguar, puma, nyanja ndi Geoffrey. Mutha kukwera ulendo wochokera kwa wodwalayo chifukwa palibe njira zamagalimoto pamsewu womwe sungatheke.
Kuchokera ku Filadelfia, Transuta Chauta ikupitirirabe ku Bolivia. Khalani okonzekera kukwera pfumbi, mu nyengo yamkuntho, ndi kuima ku Mariscal Estigarribia ndi Colonia La Patria, ngakhale simukuyembekeza zinthu zina. Ngati mulipo mu September, tengani nthawi ya Transchaco Rally.
Mofanana ndi alendo ambiri, mungachoke m'dzikoli kuti, "Ndimakonda Paraguay!"