Mtsogoleli wa Alendo ku Tchalitchi cha Saint Peter ku Vatican City
Monga umodzi wa mipingo yofunika kwambiri ya Tchalitchi cha Katolika komanso mpingo wachiwiri waukulu padziko lapansi, Tchalitchi cha Saint Peter ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimachitika ku Vatican City komanso ku Rome. Pokhala ndi dome lokongola kwambiri, malo ozungulira mzinda wa Rome, ndi malo ake okongoletsera, St. Peter's, mosakayikira, amakondwera nazo. Kwa ambiri, ndicho chofunika kwambiri paulendo ku Rome, ndipo ndi chifukwa chabwino.
Zonse kunja ndi mkati mwa tchalitchichi zinapangidwa kuti zikhale zolimba, ndipo zimatha kuchita zimenezo. Piazza San Pietro (Saint Peter's Square) yapamwamba kwambiri, imapangidwira kumalo akuluakulu a tchalitchi chachikulu, ndi miyala yake yowala komanso miyala yamtengo wapatali yokhala ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, yamwala, yokongola komanso yokongoletsera.
Mpingo umakokera alendo mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse, kuphatikizapo omwe amakopeka chifukwa cha chipembedzo komanso omwe akufuna chidwi ndi mbiri yake, luso ndi luso. Ndi malo opumulira apapa ambiri omwe kale anali Papa Yohane ndi wachiwiri ndi Petro Woyera, papa woyamba wa Matchalitchi Achikhristu komanso woyambitsa Katolika.
Amwendamnjira amapita ku Saint Peter pa maholide achipembedzo, monga Khirisimasi ndi Isitala, monga papa amachita masamu apadera ku tchalitchi nthawiyi. Amapereka madalitso pa Khirisimasi ndi Pasitala, komanso madalitso ake oyambirira pamene amasankhidwa, kuchokera khonde lakatikati pazitseko kupita ku atrium.
Petro Woyera ku Roma
Chiphunzitso cha chikhristu chimati Petro anali msodzi wochokera ku Galileya yemwe adakhala mmodzi mwa atumwi khumi ndi awiri a Khristu ndipo anapitiriza kupititsa patsogolo ziphunzitso za Yesu atapachikidwa pamtanda. Petro, pamodzi ndi Mtumwi Paulo, anapita ku Roma ndipo anamanga mpingo wa otsatira a Khristu.
Poopa kuzunzidwa chifukwa cha ziphunzitso zake, Petro adanena kuti adathawa ku Roma, koma akumana ndi masomphenya a Yesu pamene anali kutuluka mumzindawo. Izi zinamuthandiza kuti abwererenso ku Roma ndikukumana ndi kuphedwa kwake kosapeŵeka. Onse awiri a Peter ndi Paulo adaphedwa ndi lamulo la Mfumu Nero, Roma nthawi ina pambuyo pa Moto Waukulu wa Roma mu 64 AD koma Nero asanadziphe yekha mu 68 AD. Petro Woyera adapachikidwa pambali, akudzifunsa yekha.
Peter anafera ku Circus of Nero, malo a masewera ndi maseŵera kumadzulo kwa mtsinje wa Tiber. Anamuika m'manda pafupi, m'manda omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Akhristu ofera. Manda ake posakhalitsa anakhala malo olambiriramo, pamodzi ndi manda ena achikhristu omwe anamangidwa kuzungulira, monga okhulupirika adayesedwa kuti ayanjanitsidwe pafupi ndi Petro Woyera. Kwa Akatolika, udindo wa Petro monga Mtumwi, ndi ziphunzitso zake ndi kuphedwa kwake ku Roma zinamupangitsa kukhala mutu wa Bishopu woyamba wa Roma, kapena Papa woyamba.
Mbiri ya Basilica ya Saint Peter
M'zaka za m'ma 400, Mfumu Constantine, mfumu yoyamba ya Roma ya Roma, inayang'anira ntchito yomanga tchalitchi pa malo oikidwa m'manda a Saint Peter. Tsopano akutchedwa Tchalitchi cha Old St. Peter, mpingo uwu unayimira zaka zoposa 1,000 ndipo unali malo a manda a pafupifupi papa aliyense, kuchokera kwa Petro mwini kupyolera mwa apapa a m'ma 1400.
M'zaka zovuta za m'ma 1500, tchalitchichi chinasinthidwa ndi ma papa osiyanasiyana. Pamene Papa Julius Wachiwiri, yemwe adalamulira kuchokera mu 1503 mpaka 1513, adayang'anira ntchito yokonzanso, adayambitsa mpingo waukulu m'Matchalitchi onse Achikhristu. Anali ndi tchalitchi choyambirira cha m'ma 40000 ndipo adalamula kumanga tchalitchi chofuna kutchuka komanso chokongola pamalo ake.
Bramante anapanga mapulani oyambirira a dome lalikulu la Saint Peter's. Wouziridwa ndi dome la Pantheon, ndondomeko yake idatchedwa mtanda wa Chigriki (ndi mikono 4 ya kutalika kofanana) kuthandizira dome lalikulu. Pambuyo pa Julius II atamwalira mu 1513, wojambula Raphael anaikidwa kuti aziyang'anira. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mtanda wa Chilatini, zolinga zake zinapanga nsanja (gawo limene olambira amasonkhana) ndi kuwonjezera mapepala ang'onoang'ono mbali iliyonse.
Raphael anamwalira mu 1520, ndipo mikangano yosiyanasiyana ku Rome ndi ku Italy kunayambira patsogolo pa tchalitchichi. Pomaliza, mu 1547, Papa Paulo Wachiwiri anaika Michelangelo, yemwe kale anali wolemba zomangamanga ndi wojambula, kuti amalize ntchitoyi. Mpangidwe wake unagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtanda wa Bramante pachiyambi cha Greek Greek, ndipo umaphatikizapo dome yaikulu, yomwe idakali yaikulu padziko lonse lapansi ndi imodzi mwa zochitika zazikulu kwambiri za zomangamanga za Renaissance.
Michelangelo anamwalira mu 1564, koma ntchito yake idatha. Anthu omwe ankamanga mapulaniwo ankalemekeza kwambiri malingaliro ake kuti amalize dome. Mzinda wa Nineve, chigawo cha porade ndi portico (chipinda cholowera) chinali zopereka za Carlo Maderno, motsogoleredwa ndi Papa Paulo V. Ntchito yomanga "Saint Saint Peter" -tchalitchi chomwe timachiwona lero-chinamalizidwa mu 1626, kuposa Zaka 120 zitatha.
Kodi Tchalitchi cha Saint Peter ndi Chofunika Kwambiri ku Roma?
Ngakhale ambiri akuganiza za Petro Woyera ngati mpingo wa amayi wa Chikatolika, kusiyana kumeneku kuli kwa Saint John Lateran (Basilica di San Giovanni ku Laterano), tchalitchi chachikulu cha Bishop wa Rome (Papa) ndipo chifukwa chake mpingo wopatulika kwambiri kwa Aroma Katolika . Komabe chifukwa cha mbiri yake, malo ozungulira, pafupi ndi malo a Papa ku Vatican City ndi kukula kwake, Saint Peter ndi mpingo umene umakopa gulu la alendo ndi okhulupilika. Kuwonjezera pa Saint Peter's ndi Saint John Lateran, Mipingo ina 2 yamapapa ku Roma ndi Tchalitchi cha Santa Maria Maggiore ndi Saint Paul kunja kwa Mpanda .
Mfundo Zapamwamba pa Ulendo wa Saint Peter's
Kuti mufufuze manda onse ndi chipilala, werengani malemba onse (poganiza kuti mukhoza kuwerenga Chilatini), ndipo kuyamikira zinthu zonse zamtengo wapatali zokhudzana ndi Saint Peter, zingatenge masiku, osati masabata. Ngati muli ndi maola angapo kuti mupite kukacheza, yang'anani mfundo izi:
- A Nave. Mukalowa m'tchalitchi, mudzadabwa ndi kukula kwa nsanja, yaitali, mbali yaikulu ya tchalitchi chachikulu komwe olambira amakhala pansi. Ndi kutalika kwa mamita 600 (pafupifupi kutalika kwa masewera a mpira 2) ndi pafupifupi mamita 90 m'lifupi, ndipo amadzikongoletsera kwambiri pamwamba pake.
- The Pieta. Potsutsa Davide monga chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha Michelangelo, kufotokozera kochititsa manyazi kwa Maria kotenga thupi la akufa ndilo gawo loyamba lamanja, pamene mukulowa tchalitchi. Wojambulayo anajambula ntchitoyo ali ndi zaka 24 zokha.
- Chifaniziro cha Bronze cha Saint Peter. Pafupi ndi kulapa koyenera, kapena chithandizo chachikulu cha transept, chimayimila chifaniziro cha mkuwa cha Saint Peter, chomwe chikulingalira kuti chikafike zaka 1200. Phazi lake lamanja lakhala lowala ndi lofewa kwa zaka mazana ambiri a olambira omwe amawaza kapena kupsompsonana pamene akudutsa.
- Baldacchino. Denga lalikulu, ntchito yokonza zojambulajambula komanso wopanga mapulani Gian Lorenzo Bernini, anajambula kuchokera ku bronze atengedwa kuchokera ku Pantheon. Limaphatikizapo guwa lalikulu la tchalitchi cha basilika, kumene papa yekha amaloledwa kunena misa. Guwa lakonzedwa pamwamba pa manda a Petro Woyera, ndipo ndi mtima wophiphiritsa ndi wauzimu wa tchalitchi.
- The Dome. Pakhoma ndi mawindo 16 ndipo anali ndi makalata oposa mamita 6, dome la Michelangelo, limene sanamuone latha, lili pafupi mamita 400 kuchoka pansi mpaka kumtunda.
- Chikumbutso cha Alexander VII. Pa manda ambiri apamwamba a papalati ku Saint Peter's, bwalo la Bernini kwa Papa Alexander VII mwina ndilo losautsa kwambiri. Papa wopembedza amapemphera pamene chifanizo cha Imfa chimachokera pansi pa bulangeti yojambula kuchokera ku mwala wa jasper. Amagwiritsa ntchito chikwangwani, monga chikumbutso kwa papa (ndi kwa owonerera) kuti nthawi yake yadutsa.
- Sacristry ndi Museum Museum. Kuti muone zina mwa chuma chambiri cha Vatican, kuphatikizapo mitanda, zovala za papapa (zovala), miyala ndi zikhomo, pitani ku Sacristry ndi Museum Museum. Zimalipira 5 euro kwa akuluakulu ndi 3 euro kwa ana 12 ndi pansi.
- Vatican Grottoes. Pamene mukuchoka ku tchalitchi, tsatirani zizindikiro za Vatican Grottoes ndi Cupola (dome). Mphepete mwachinsinsi muli manda a papa ambiri, kuphatikizapo John Paul Wachiwiri. Guwa lalitali lapamwamba limamangidwa pa zomwe zimatchedwa manda a Saint Peter. Guwa lansembe lalikulu ndi baldacchino zili pamwambapa. Kulowera kumagalimoto ndi ufulu.
- Kupita ku Cupola. Ngati mukukumana ndi mphamvu, mukhoza kukwera masitepe 551 (kapena 320 pokhapokha ngati mutatenga mbali ya elevator) ku chigwa, kapena pamwamba pa dome la Saint Peter, kuti mudzapindule ndi malingaliro odabwitsa a Roma. Zimatenga 8 euro ngati mutenga chombo kapena 6 euro mukakwera njira yonse.
Tchalitchi cha Saint Peter Kukafuna Kudziwa
Ngakhale pamene palibe omvera apapa kapena zochitika zina zapadera zikuchitika, tchalitchichi chimakhala chokwanira nthawi zonse. Nthaŵi yabwino yopitako popanda makamu ndikumayambiriro, kuyambira 7 mpaka 9 koloko m'mawa.
Chidziwitso: Tchalitchichi chimatsegula pa 7 koloko masana ndipo chimatseka 7 koloko masana ndi 6:30 madzulo m'nyengo yozizira. Musanapite, ndibwino kuti muyang'ane webusaiti ya Saint Peter ya Basilica kuti mukhale ndi maola ena komanso mauthenga ena.
Malo: Piazza San Pietro (Malo Oyera a Peter ). Kuti mufike poyendera pagalimoto, tengani Metropolitana Line A kupita ku stop ya Ottaviano "San Pietro".
Kuloledwa: Ndi mfulu kulowa m'sitini ndi mapulasitiki, ndi malipiro (onani pamwambapa) kwa sacristry ndi yosungiramo chuma, ndi kukwera ku chipolopolo. Nkhumba imatsegulidwa kuyambira 8 koloko mpaka 6 koloko madzulo mpaka mwezi wa September, ndipo mpaka 4:45 masana mpaka mwezi wa March. Sacristry ndi yosungiramo chuma zimatsegulidwa kuyambira 9 koloko mpaka 6:15 madzulo April mpaka September ndi 5:15 madzulo Oktoba mpaka March.
Code code: Alendo omwe savala zovala zoyenera sadzaloledwa kulowa m'tchalitchi. Pewani kuvala zazifupi, masiketi amfupi, kapena malaya osapsa manja pamene mukuyendera Saint Peter ndi / kapena kubweretsa shawl kapena chivundikiro china. Malamulo amenewa amapita kwa alendo onse, amuna kapena akazi.
Chofunika Kuwona pafupi ndi Tchalitchi cha Saint Peter
Alendo nthawi zambiri amayendera Basilica a Saint Peter ndi Vatican Museums , kuphatikizapo Sistine Chapel , tsiku lomwelo. Castel Sant'Angelo , pa nthawi zosiyana m'mbuyomu mausoleum, linga, ndende ndipo tsopano, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, ili pafupi ndi Vatican City.