Zakale Zakale: Zizindikiro za Chuma, Mphamvu, ndi Paranoia
Kumpoto ndi kumpoto kwa Italy, nthaŵi zambiri woyendayenda amamenyedwa ndi nsanja zokhala ndi zitsulo zopangidwa m'nthaŵi zamakedzana, ambiri m'zaka za m'ma 1300. Nthawi zina, monga momwe zinaliri ndi San Gimignano , mzinda wawung'ono ungakhale kutali, umawoneka ngati malo osakanikirana mumzinda - ngati kuti iwe unkawona Manhattan yolakwika komanso yopanda pake.
Mbiri Yakafupi Kwambiri ya Italy Yakale
Atayesedwa ndi Franks, Goths, ndi Lombards kuti agonjetse ndi kugwirizanitsa ufumu wa Roma Italy, kugwa kwa mphamvu ya boma ndi mtendere wamtendere kuchokera kudziko lina kunja kwa zaka za m'ma 1000 mpaka m'ma 1400, anthu ambiri a ku Italy anawonjezereka ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mzindawu kukula ndi ndalama zamalonda.
Pomwe dzikoli linafooka, akuluakulu olamulira adasintha; mabishopu ndi abusa a boma akuyendetsa zida zankhanza, akuluakulu apamwamba, ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo a Episkopi omwe adzipanga okha kukhala ma communes. Makomiti ovomerezekawo ndi mzindawu omwe akuwongolera ndiwo adagonjetsa mizinda yambiri ku Italy.
Ma communes anali magulu a amuna omwe anasonkhana pamodzi ndi boma ndipo ankalamulira ndikuyang'anira mizinda yawo; mabanja angapo olemera angathe kulamulira mzinda. Koma cha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 12, mpikisano pakati pa mabanja inayamba kupha, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 12 zinakhala zachizoloŵezi kumanga nsanja zotetezera monga nsanja ndi malo owonetsera ngati mamembala a akuluakulu abwerera ku chitetezo cha mabanja awo .
Mabanja awa adalowa mgwirizano ndi mayanjano ena, ndipo mamembala onse adagonjetsa zigawo za mzindawo, ndi nsanja "yawo" kapena nsanja pakati.
Kufikira kwa mamembala ku nsanja kapena nsanja kunali pamsewu wapansi kapena madokolo kuchokera m'nkhani zapamwamba za nyumba zawo kupita ku mawindo apamwamba a nsanja. Nsanjayi inkayimira ngati chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya banja, pamwamba pa nsanja yomwe banja lothandiza kwambiri linali, koma iyenso anali malo otetezeka ndi malo owonera a anthu amantha.
Momwe mabanja omwe ankamenyana nawo ndi malo awo okhala, adayambanso kulowa kumalo omenyera nkhondo, m'madera oyandikana nawo komanso magulu awo oyambirira omwe adayambirapo anayamba kudzikonzekera m'magulu ndi mabungwe kuti ateteze phindu la ntchito yawo komanso kulimbana ndi nkhanza za mumsewu zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi anthu olemekezeka. Makomiti olemekezeka anayamba kutaya mphamvu ku ma communes otchuka. Pambuyo pake Popolo anagonjetsa, kulanda mphamvu kuchokera ku maboma akuluakulu a zaka mazana asanu ndi awiri asanafike French Revolution.
Ma communes otchuka anagawidwa mizinda kukhala zigawo zautumiki, ndipo ena mwa iwo akhalabe mpaka lero - mwachitsanzo ku Siena , kumene anthu amitundu yosiyana ndi a Palio .
Italy lero
Kwa apaulendo, nthawi yaitali yodziimira mizinda ndi madera a Italy amapatsa aliyense kukhala wapadera; Kuyenda kudutsa ku Italy kuli ngati kubisala m'kakonzedwe kake kakang'ono ka zolemba zakale komwe kumaphatikizidwa pamodzi ndi kutsata mwamphamvu miyambo ya kumidzi. Chakudya cha ku Italy, mwachitsanzo, sichiri Chiitaliya, ndi chigawo, monga miyambo yambiri ndi maphwando. Ndikusakaniza kosangalatsa komwe kumakondweretsa mphamvu nthawi iliyonse. Bweretsani foloko ndi kamera.
Zochitika Zakale za Omwe Amawaona Kuti Aziwone
Mudzaona nsanja ku Centro Storico m'midzi yambiri ya ku Italy.
Mzinda wotchuka kwambiri pa nsanja zake ndi San Gimignano, kumene nsanja zokwana 14 zoyambirirazo zimapulumuka.
Nsanja yotchuka kwambiri ndi Torre degli Asinelli ku Bologna , yomwe imamera mamita 97.20 mmwamba ndikukwera mamita awiri. Amagawana malo mu Piazza Maggiore a Bologna ndi La Torre della Garisenda pa mamita 48.16.
Kwa alendo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mbiri yakale yomwe inachititsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino komanso zikhalidwe zawo zomwe amaziona paulendo wawo, onani Valerio Lintner buku lakuti Traveler's History Italy .