Mbiri ya Dutch ndi Tulipmania
Mphepete mwa mtsinje wa mtsinje ku Netherlands kuti muwone tulips ndi mababu ena a maluwa ndi mantha owopsa. Tinapita ku Viking River Cruises 'ku Viking Europe kuchokera ku Amsterdam, kukasangalala ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, midzi yaing'ono, mipikisano, komanso malo ena abwino kwambiri a Netherlands ndi Holland.
Wolemba Wolemba: Viking River Cruises amagwiritsa ntchito maulendo ake atsopano a Viking Longship chifukwa cha maulendo ake oyenda maulendo a Dutch tsopano. Ngakhale kuti mtsinjewuwo ndi wosiyana, mtsinjewu umawonekerabe akadakondweretsa monga momwe zinaliri pamene ndinatenga ulendowu zaka zingapo zapitazo.
Nditengereni nawo pazenera za ulendo wathu wa Dutch tulip cruise.
Ndakhala ndikupita ku Amsterdam kangapo koma sindinayambe kufufuza dziko lonselo. Pali zambiri ku Netherlands kuposa mzinda waukulu kwambiri! Nazi mfundo zochepa zochititsa chidwi.
Choyamba, Holland ndimadera awiri okha mwa mapiri 12 a Netherlands. Ambiri mwa dzikoli ndi "opanga", atatulutsidwa kuchokera m'nyanja kwa zaka mazana angapo apitawo. Pafupifupi kotala la makilomita 40,000 a dzikoli muli pansi pa nyanja, ndipo ambiri a Netherlands ali pamtunda kapena pamwamba pa nyanja - osadandaula za matenda akumtunda kuno! Pali makilomita oposa 2400 okwana madzi osungira madzi, ena mwa iwo ali oposa mamita 25 pamwamba.
Mbiri ya Dutch inabwereranso zaka 250,000. Umboni wa anthu okhala m'mapanga kuyambira pano, unapezeka mumzinda wa Maastricht. Anthu ena oyambirira a m'deralo akhala akubwerera kumbuyo zaka 2000 zapitazo.
Anthu akale amamanga matope akuluakulu a matope monga malo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamadzi osefukira m'nyanja. Mitundu yoposa 1000 iyi imakhala ikufalikira kudera lamapiri, makamaka pafupi ndi Drenthe m'chigawo cha Friesland. Aroma adalanda dziko la Netherlands ndikukhala dziko kuyambira 59 BC kufikira zaka za m'ma AD AD, atatsatira zaka mazana angapo zotsatira ndi Franks achi German ndi Vikings.
Dziko la Netherlands linakula m'zaka za zana la 15. Amalonda ambiri anakhala olemera opititsa malonda, zovala zamtengo wapatali, zojambulajambula, ndi zodzikongoletsera. Maiko a Kumunsi, monga iwo anaitanidwa, adatchuka chifukwa cha zomangamanga, mchere wamchere, ndi mowa.
Zaka za zana la 17 zinali za golidi ku Netherlands. Amsterdam inalimbikitsidwa ngati likulu la zachuma ku Ulaya, ndi Netherlands zinali zofunika ponse pazinthu zachuma komanso zamtundu. Kampani ya Dutch East India, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1602, inali kampani yaikulu kwambiri ya malonda m'zaka za zana la 17, komanso makampani oyambirira padziko lonse lapansi. Kampani ya Dutch West India inakhazikitsidwa mu 1621, ndipo inali pakati pa malonda a akapolo pamene zombo zawo zinayenda pakati pa Africa ndi America. Explorers kuchokera ku makampani onsewa omwe anapeza kapena anagonjetsa mayiko padziko lapansi, kuchokera ku New Zealand kupita ku Mauritius ku chilumba cha Manhattan.
Dziko la Netherlands linadzakhala ufumu wodziimira, ndipo sanalowerere nawo m'Nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse. Tsoka ilo, dzikoli silingaleke kulowerera nawo nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Germany anaukira midzi mu May 1940, ndipo Netherlands sanamasulidwe mpaka zaka zisanu zotsatira. Pali nkhani zambiri zowopsya kuchokera ku nkhondo, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa Rotterdam, njala pa Winter of Hunger, ndi mavuto a Ayuda a Dutch monga Anne Frank.
Zaka za nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo zinawona Netherlands akubwerera ku malonda. Zaka zambiri nkhondoyo itatha, anapeza gasi lachilengedwe ku North Sea kuchokera ku gombe la Dutch, ndi kubwerera kwa minda yowonjezera. Ambiri mwa madera a ku Netherlands padziko lonse adapeza ufulu wawo panthawi ya nkhondo itatha. Lero Netherlands akuwoneka ngati mayiko okondweretsa kwambiri, ndi mapulogalamu ambiri, ufulu waumwini, ndi kulekerera kwakukulu kwa mankhwala.
Tsopano kuti mudziwe zochepa chabe za mbiri ndi geography ya Netherlands, tiyeni tione za Dutch Journey cruise pa Viking Europe.
Pamene tinkayenda usiku wonse kudutsa nyanja ya Atlantic, ndinayesa kulota malo a tulips ndikuyamba kuyenda mofulumira.
Tulipmania
Zingakhale zovuta kukhulupilira, koma thumba linayambitsa mavuto azachuma ku Holland mu 1637.
Mitengoyi inayamba ngati maluwa a kuthengo ku Central Asia ndipo anali okalamba ku Turkey. (Tulilip ndi Turkey chifukwa cha nduwira.) Carolus Clusius, mtsogoleri wa munda wakale kwambiri wa zomera ku Ulaya ku Leiden, ndiye anali woyamba kubweretsa mababu ku Netherlands. Iye ndi akatswiri ena ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi anapeza mwamsanga kuti mababuwo anali okonzedweratu kwa nyengo yoziziritsa, nyengo yachinyezi komanso nthaka yachonde ya delta.
Maluwa okongolawo anapeza mwachangu ndi Dutch yemwe anali wolemera, ndipo anayamba kutchuka kwambiri. Kumapeto kwa 1636 ndi kumayambiriro kwa 1637, mania ya mababu inadutsa ku Netherlands. Kugula ndi kugulitsa mwachindunji kunayendetsa mtengo mpaka pamene mababu a tulip amawononga kwambiri kuposa nyumba! Babu limodzi likutenga malipiro ofanana ndi zaka 10 kwa wogwira ntchito wachi Dutch. Zambiri zamalonda zamakono zinkachitidwa m'mabuku, kotero mowa unayambitsa thambo. Pansi pa msika mu February 1637, ogulitsa ambiri ndi nzika akuwona chuma chawo chitayika. Ofufuza ena anasiyidwa ndi mababu osatumizidwa, kapena ndi mababu omwe anali pa "layaway". Lingaliro la zosankha linayambira kuchokera ku ngozi iyi, ndipo mawu akuti tulipmania akugwiritsidwanso ntchito kufotokoza zovuta zachuma.
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Mitambo ya mphepo
Mitengo yoyamba yopita ku Holland inamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 13 ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipere ufa. Zaka zoposa 100, a Dutch anali atapanga mpangidwe wa mphepo, ndipo magalimoto ankagwiritsira ntchito kupopera madzi. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, magulu ambirimbiri oyendetsa mphepo anayamba kudutsa malo otsetsereka, ndipo nthaka inayamba. Kupititsa patsogolo kwakukulu kumeneku kunali kupangidwa kwa mphero yoyendayenda. Pamwamba pa mphepozi zimayenda ndi mphepo, zomwe zimalola kuti mphero ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu mmodzi yekha.
Ngakhale kupopera madzi kukhetsa nthaka kunali kugwiritsa ntchito kotchuka kwambiri kwa mphero, mipiringidzo ya mphepo inkagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga matabwa, kupanga dongo kuti zikhale mbiya, komanso ngakhale kupukuta mapepala. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800, maiko oposa 10,000 ankagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ku Netherlands. Komabe, kuyambitsidwa kwa injini ya nthunzi kunapangitsa kuti mphepo zisinthe. Masiku ano pali mipweya yopitirira 1000, koma anthu a Chidatchi amadziwa kuti mapulogalamu amenewa, komanso luso lofunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito, liyenera kusungidwa. Boma la Dutch limakhala ndi sukulu ya zaka zitatu yophunzitsa opaleshoni ya mphepo, yomwe iyeneranso kupatsidwa chilolezo.
Amsterdam
Titatha ulendo wa maola 9, tinafika ku Amsterdam m'mawa kwambiri. Ine ndi Juanda tinali ndi tsiku ndi theka kuti tikafufuze Amsterdam tisanapite ku Viking Europe.
Popeza tinali tsiku loyambira ulendo wathu, tinatengera tekesi kuchokera ku eyapoti kulowa mumzinda. Schiphol Airport ndi yovuta kwambiri ku Ulaya, kotero kunali ma taxis ambiri.
Titatha pafupifupi mphindi 30 tinanyamula katundu wathu ku hotelo ndipo tinapita kukafufuza mzindawo.
Kusankha hotelo usiku umodzi kunali kovuta, makamaka Loweruka usiku pa nyengo ya alendo oyenda. Tinkafuna kukhala pamalo omwe angatipangitse kukhala ndi chikhalidwe cha Amsterdam ndi chikhalidwe, kotero tinapewa ma hotela omwe amalonjeza kukhala osasinthasintha, koma osati mlengalenga wokondweretsa kwambiri wa Dutch.
Ndinayamba kufufuza mahotela ang'onoang'ono kapena bedi komanso osambira koma mwamsanga ndinazindikira kuti ambiri a iwo amafuna kukhala osachepera 2 kapena 3 usiku. Pogwiritsa ntchito mabuku anga othandizira a Netherlands, ndikufufuza pa Webusaitiyi, ndikuyembekeza kuti ndapeza zomwe tinali kufuna - Ambassade Hotel. Ambassade ili kumtunda ndipo idamangidwa kuchokera ku nyumba 10 za ngalande. Hotelo ili ndi zipinda 59, ndipo imalonjeza kuti "idzapereka ubwino wonse wa m'badwo uno wamakono koma ndi cholowa chamtengo wapatali cha nthawi yosawerengeka."
Titaima kwa maola ambiri, tinali okonzeka kuchoka ku hotelo pamapazi ndikufufuza. Kuyambira pamene Viking Europe inkagona ku Amsterdam, ndipo phukusi loyenda pamtunda linaphatikizapo ulendo wa ngalande ndi Rijksmuseum , tinapulumutsira "zofunikira" ziwirizo titatha kulowa m'chombocho. Popeza kuti hotelo yathu inali pafupi ndi nyumba ya Anne Frank , tinayenda kumeneko. Ili lotseguka kuyambira 9 koloko mpaka 9 koloko masana, kuyambira pa 1 April. Maina amatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo simungatenge ulendo wokonzedwa. Kupita kumayambiriro kapena atatha kudya chakudya kumathandiza kudikira pang'ono.
Titayenda mozungulira kwa kanthawi kapena kuyendera nyumba ya Anne Frank, tinapita kumalo osungirako malo kukaona malo ochezera alendo kufupi ndi komweko ndikugula matikiti a tram.
Thupi labwalolo ndilolo loyendetsa galimoto yopita ku Amsterdam m'madera onse awiri omwe amapezeka pamalopo ndi mahotela. Ndi thumba lozungulira nambala 20, n'zosavuta kusunthira kuchoka ku zokopa ndi zina popanda kusintha mizere.
Popeza kuti nyengo inali yovuta, tinapita ku nyumba imodzi yosungiramo zinthu zakale kupatulapo Rijksmuseum. Amsterdam ili ndi zokopa zambiri ndi museums za zokonda zonse. Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale ziwiri zili pamalo akuluakulu osungirako malo osungirako mapafupi ndi Rijksmuseum. Vincent van Gogh Museum ikuphatikizapo zithunzi zake 200 (zoperekedwa ndi mchimwene wa Theo a van Gogh) ndi zithunzi 500 komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri ena odziwika bwino a 19th century. Ili pafupi ndi Rijksmuseum. Pafupi ndi van Gogh Museum, Stedelijk Modern Art Museum yadzala ndi zosangalatsa ntchito ndi ojambula ojambula.
Kusunthika kwakukulu kwa zaka zapitazi monga masiku ano, mapulogalamu a pop, zojambula zojambulajambula, ndi chidziwitso cha neo-akuyimira.
Dutch Resistance Museum (Verzetsmuseum), kudutsa mumsewu wochokera ku zoo, ikuwonetseratu kuti dziko la Germany linatsutsana ndi a German omwe akugonjetsa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Mafilimu owonetsera mafilimu ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi kubisa Ayuda a ku Germany zimabweretsa zoopsa za kukhala mumzinda wokhalamo. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale imayandikana ndi malo omwe kale ankakhala ku Schouwburg, yomwe inali kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga malo okhala Ayuda omwe akudikirira kupita kumisasa yachibalo. Maseŵera tsopano ndi chikumbutso.
Titatha kuthawa usiku ndikuyenda kapena kuyendera mzindawo kwa kanthawi, tinabwerera ku hotelo ndikuyeretsa chakudya. Amsterdam ali ndi zakudya zambirimbiri. Popeza tinatopa ndi kuthawa kwathu usiku, tinadya chakudya chamadzulo pafupi ndi hotelo yathu. Tsiku lotsatira tinachoka ku Viking Europe.
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Tinalowa ku Viking Europe tsiku lachiwiri ku Amsterdam. Ena mwa oyenda nawo anatha masiku atatu ku Amsterdam monga gawo la phukusi loyambitsirana. Ena anayenda usiku umodzi kuchokera ku US ndipo anafika ku Amsterdam m'mawa kwambiri. Tonsefe tinali okondwa ndi ulendo wotsatira ndikumana ndi abwenzi atsopano.
Titafika Lamlungu m'mawa ndikuyang'ana malo omwe tinali pafupi ndi hotelo yathu, Juanda ndi ine tinatenga tepi kupita m'chombocho.
Tidakhala nthawi yathu tikuyenda m'misewu ndi ngalande za mzinda wokongolawu ndikupita ku Anne Frank House. Malo osungirako alendo pafupi ndi Central Station anali kuyenda maulendo okonzedwa kukuthandizani kudutsa mbali zina zosangalatsa kwambiri za mzindawo.
Viking Europe inakonzedwa pafupi ndi Central Station. Tinali ndi ulendo wamtunda Lamlungu. Ngakhale kuti ndinali nditadutsa ku Amsterdam ulendo wamtunda, zinali zotheka kuti Juanda aone zambiri za mzindawu. Nyumba yomangamanga ya Amsterdam ndi yosangalatsa, ndipo nkhani za mzinda ndi ngalande zake zimakondweretsa, ndizosangalatsa kuziwona mobwerezabwereza.
Kumapeto kwa tsikulo, tinabwerera ku Viking Europe chifukwa cha phwando ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Viking Europe inagona pakhomo paulendo, ndipo tsiku lotsatira tinayendanso ku Amsterdam.
Viking Europe imakhala ndi abale ake atatu, Viking Pride, Spirit, ndi Neptune, ndipo zonse zinamangidwa mu 2001.
Zombozi ndizitali mamita 375, ndipo zimakhala ndi maofesi atatu ndi makina 75, aliyense ali ndi kusamba kwapayekha ndiwokuma, foni, TV, otetezeka, mpweya wabwino ndi zowuma. Ndili ndi okwera 150 ndi antchito 40, tinakumana ndi anthu ambiri oyenda nawo. Nyumbazi ndizitali mamita 120, ndipo malowo anali okwanira.
Sitinathe nthawi yochuluka m'nyumba mwathu kuyambira tsiku lomwe tinkatuluka ndikupita kudera la Dutch.
Tinakhalanso tsiku lina ku Amsterdam ndipo tinapita ku Floriade kukongola mahatchi ndi Rijksmuseum kudzera pa basi.
Floriade
Ndinkakonda kukongola kwamtengo wapatali umenewu, kamene kamangokhala kamodzi pa zaka 10 zokha. The Floriade inatsegulidwa mu April ndipo inathamanga kudutsa mu October 2002. Alendo okwana mamiliyoni atatu adayendera malo owonetsera zachilengedwe. Tidali kumeneko pa nyengo ya "tulime" ya tulip, koma tlips talukira pa Floriade kuyambira kumayambiriro a April mpaka tsiku lomaliza mu Oktoba. Mlengi wa Tulip Dirk Jan Haakman anagwiritsa ntchito malo ozizira kuti ateteze maluwa okongola awa. M'nyengo ya masika, amatsitsimutsa tulips milungu iwiri iliyonse, kenako kamodzi pa sabata.
Mutu wa Floriade 2002 unali "Kumva Chisomo cha Chilengedwe", ndipo tinali ndi mwayi wochita zomwezo. Alendo ankadutsa m'chigwa chokongola cha maluwa okwana milioni. Minda ya ku Asia, Africa ndi Europe inatilola kuti tiwone zomera dziko.
Mkonzi wazamasamba ndi mchenga Niek Roozen anapanga dongosolo la luso la Floriade 2002. Anaphatikizapo zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zilipo kale, monga Genie Dike, mbali ya kalembera ya Amsterdam, ndi Haarlemmermeerse Bos (wazaka 20) wazaka 20.
Denga la galasi m'chigawo cha paki yomwe ili pafupi ndi denga linali chokopa kwambiri. Panali ngakhale piramidi mu Haarlemmermeer. Zinatengera mamita 500,000 a mchenga kuti amange Hill ya Big Spotters. Pamwamba pa mapiri okwana mamita 30 otalikirapo pamwamba pake panalinso zojambulajambula ndi Auke de Vries.
Phiri la Floriade linali ndi magawo atatu, pafupi ndi nsanja, ndi Hill ndi Nyanja. Chigawo chilichonse chinali ndi khalidwe lake komanso chikhalidwe chawo. Kuwonjezera apo, gawo lililonse likutanthauzira mutu waukulu wa Floriade m'njira yake yomwe. Chigawo pafupi ndi Denga chinali kumpoto kwa paki ndipo chikugwirizana ndi chitseko chakumpoto. Kutsegulira kudzera mu Genie Dike kunatsogolera ku gawo lachiwiri, ndi Hill, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa pafupi ndi Nyumba. Kumwera kwenikweni kunali gawo lachitatu, pa Nyanja. Gawoli linayang'ana kumpoto kwa Haarlemmermeerse Bos, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri zapitazo.
Rijksmuseum
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zamtengo wapatali imeneyi ndilo chipata cha Nyumba ya Museum. Pierre Cuypers, yemwe anamanga mapulani a Central Station, anamanga nyumbayi mu 1885. Musadabwe ngati mukuganiza kuti nyumbayi ikufanana! Rijksmuseum ndi malo oyang'anira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Amsterdam, kulandira alendo oposa 1.2 miliyoni pachaka. Pali magulu akuluakulu asanu mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, koma gawo la "Zojambula" ndilo lodziwika kwambiri. Pano mudzapeza ambuye achi Dutch ndi Flemish kuyambira m'ma 1500 mpaka m'ma 1900. Nightwatch yaikulu ya Rembrandt ndiwonetseratu gawo ili. Sindinadziwe kuti chojambulachi chotchuka chinali pafupi ndi kukula kwake! Chojambulacho sichinayambe kutchedwa Nightwatch. Dzina lake linali ndi dzina lake chifukwa nthenda zonse komanso msuzi zomwe zidakonzedwa kupyolera mu zaka zinapangitsa kuti mukhale mdima. Chithunzicho chabwezeretsedwa ndipo chiri chapadera kwambiri.
Madzulo tinabwerera ku Viking Europe. Tonse tinali otopa kuyambira lero ku Floriade ndi Rijksmuseum. Tinachoka ku Amsterdam kupita ku Volendam, Edam, ndi Enkhuizen.
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Titachoka ku Amsterdam, tinapita kumpoto kupita ku Volendam, Edam, ndi Enkhuizen ku Noord Holland. Titatha usiku ku Volendam , gulu lathu linkayenda pamabasi kudzera m'midzi yozungulira Dutch mpaka ku Edam, nyumba yapamwamba yotchedwa cheeses. Ulendo wopita ku Hoorn, wotchulidwa ku doko lake lopangidwa ndi nyanga, ndipo potsiriza mpaka ku Enkhuizen, kumene tinakumananso ndi sitimayo.
Edam
Edam ili ndi mphindi 30 yokha kuyendetsa kumpoto kwa Amsterdam, koma tawuni yaing'ono yomwe ili ndi mpweya wotsekemera unasangalatsa kwambiri pambuyo pa mzindawo.
Panthawi inayake, Edam inali ndi zoposa 30 zombo zonyamula ngalawa ndipo inali phokoso lotsekemera kwambiri. Tsopano mzinda wokhala ndi anthu 7000 okha uli chete ndi wamtendere, kupatula pa msika wa July ndi August tchizi. Tinawona Kaaswaag wakale, tchizi talemera nyumba, komwe kunkagulitsidwa mapepala okwana 250,000 chaka chilichonse. Edam imakhalanso ndi ngalande zabwino kwambiri, ngalande zam'madzi, ndi masitolo.
Zowonongeka
Mzinda wa West Friesland unali likulu la nyumba ya West Friesland ndipo kunali kampani ya Dutch East India, motero unali mzinda waukulu kwambiri wotchedwa port port mu 1700. Tsopano Hoorn ndi nyumba yomwe ili pa doko lodzaza ndi maekala, ndipo doko lachilendo likulumikizana ndi nyumba zapamwamba. Hoorn anali ndi ana awiri otchuka oyendetsa sitimayo - mmodzi anali woyamba kuyendayenda kumunsi kwa South America mu 1616 ndipo adamutcha dzina lake pambuyo pake - Cape Horn. Wofufuza wina wachiwiri anapeza New Zealand ndi Tasmania patapita zaka zingapo.
Enkhuizen
Enkhuizen ndi umodzi wa mizinda yosangalatsa kwambiri ku peninsula ya West Frisian, ndipo tinasangalala kukakhala usiku.
Mofanana ndi mizinda yambiri yamapiri, Enkhuizen anali pachimake pa nthawi ya sitima zamalonda za Dutch. Komabe, pamene a Zuiderzee anayamba kuphulika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, ntchito ya Enkhuizen ngati doko lofunika kwambiri inakhazikika. Tawuni yaing'ono tsopano ndi nyumba ya Zuiderzeemuseum, kuyang'ana kwa mbiri yakale kwa moyo m'dera lomwe isanayambe kusindikizidwa mu 1932.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala ndi nyumba yosungirako zojambula m'mwamba yomwe ikuwoneka ngati mudzi wa Zuiderzee wochititsa chidwi kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri.
Titatha tsiku ku Noord Holland, tinadya ndi kugona usiku umodzi ku Viking Europe pamene tinakwera ku Enkhuizen.
Tsiku lotsatira pa Viking Europe Dutch Dutchney, tinayenda ulendo wa basi ku dera la Friesland la Netherlands ndi mudzi wa Hindeloopen. Tinabwereranso ku ngalawa ku Lemmer kuti tiyende pa mtsinje wa Ijssel tikamadya chakudya cha Kampen.
Friesland Region
Nthaŵi zambiri Friesland amatchedwa chigawo cha nyanja ya Netherlands. Ndi lopanda, lobiriwira, ndipo lili ndi nyanja zambiri. Derali ladzaza ndi ng'ombe zakuda ndi zoyera, dzinaake a Frisians. Anthu okhala mu Friesland amakhala ndi malo ambiri, ndipo nkhani zakale zimauzidwa za masiku oyambirira a nthaka "yatsopano" yomwe nthawi zina zinali zovuta kunena ngati munali mumatope kapena matope!
Mmodzi mwa akazi okondweretsa kwambiri omwe adayitana friesland kumudzi kwawo anali Mata Hari wotchuka kuchokera ku Nkhondo Yadziko Yonse. Pali nyumba yosungirako zinthu za Mata Hari ku Leeuwarden, likulu la Friesland. Leeuwarden imakhalanso ndi malo ena osungiramo zinthu zakale zokongola monga Museum Fries Museum ndi Princessehof Museum. Nyumba ya Fries Museum imalongosola nkhani ya chikhalidwe cha Frisian ndipo ili ndi zidutswa zambiri za siliva - nthawi yayitali yapadera ya akatswiri a ku Frisian.
Museum of Princessehof ndi malo okhala okonda mchere kapena akeramic. The Princessehof ili ndi matalala ochokera kuzungulira dziko lapansi, ndipo ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuchokera ku Far East.
Ulendo wathu unayima ku Hindeloopen, mudzi wawung'ono wa Ijsselmeer. Mzinda wokongolawu uli ndi ngalande, madoko akuluakulu, ndi malo abwino a m'madzi. Hindeloopen ndi umodzi wa midzi yofunikira ku Elfstedentocht, Mzinda wa khumi ndi umodzi. Chochitika chofulumira chothamanga marathon ndi 200km kutalika ndipo nthawi yolembera imatha maola 6. Mipingo khumi ndi iwiri ikuchitika ku Friesland Region, koma ikhoza kuchitidwa zaka zambiri pamene ngalande zonse zili ndi mazira. Mpikisano wa "pachaka" wakhala ukuchitika nthawi 15 kuyambira 1909. Mpikisanowu sungakonzedwenso mpaka masiku atatu asanathamangitsidwe, ndipo chigawo chonsecho chimachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugwira ntchito, kapena kuyang'ana mwambowu.
Zikumveka ngati zosangalatsa!
Kampen
Ulendo wawfupi pa mtsinje wa Ijssel udzabweretsa Viking Europe ku Kampen. Dera laling'ono limeneli silinayang'ane ndi alendo, mofanana ndi midzi ina ina m'dera la Overijssel. Tinayenda ulendo waulendo wa Kampen, kuima kukaona Nyumba ya Nieuwe ndi tchalitchi cha Bovenkerk cha m'ma 1400.
Wotsutsa
Mtsinje wa Viking unayendayenda kudya chakudya cha Captain, ataima ku Hanseatic mumzinda wa Deventer usiku. Deventer inali sitima yotanganidwa mpaka 800 AD. Lero mzindawu uli ndi makonzedwe abwino a ngalande ndi zomangamanga zokongola m'manyumba ake ambiri. Ena mwa okwera nawo anangoyenda kuzungulira mudziyo atatha kudya. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino zokhudza mtsinje wa mtsinje ndi chakuti ngalawayo nthawi zambiri imakhala mkatikati mwa tawuni.
Tsamba 5>> Zambiri pa Viking Europe Dutch Journey Cruise>>
Arnhem
Aliyense yemwe waphunzira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko lonse amadziwika ndi mzinda wa Dutch wa Arnhem. Mzindawu unatsala pang'ono kuponyedwa panthawi ya nkhondo, ndipo magulu a asilikali a ku Britain adaphedwa pafupi ndi Arnhem panthawi imodzi mwazidzidzidzi zowonongeka za nkhondo - Operation Market Garden. Tinapita ku Arnhem m'mawa kwambiri kuchokera ku mzinda wa Hanseatic wa Deventer, ndikuyang'ana malo ozungulira. Titatha kugwira ntchito mwakhama, mtsinjewuwo unali ulendo wolemekezeka!
Titafika ku Arnhem, tinasamukira ku njinga yamoto kuti tikapite ku Museum Open Air Museum (Nederlands Openluchtmuseum). Paki yamakilomita 18 ili ndi mndandanda wa nyumba zakale ndi zojambula zochokera kumadera onse m'dzikoli. Pali china chirichonse. Zipinda zakale zapulasitiki, mipando yamagetsi, mitengo, ndi zokambirana zilipo pofufuza. Kuwonjezera apo, akatswiri ovala zovala zenizeni amasonyeza luso lachikhalidwe monga kupukuta ndi blacksmithing. Gulu lathu linachoka ku Open Air Museum kwambiri pophunzira za chikhalidwe ndi cholowa cha Netherlands.
Kenaka, tinali kupita kumzinda wa zinyumba zam'madzi - Kinderdijk!
Kinderdijk
Tsiku lotsatira la ulendo wathu wachi Dutch pa Viking Europe inayamba ndi ulendo wa m'mawa ku Kinderdijk. Tidali ku Kinderdijk kuti tione mafilimu! Kinderdijk ili pamtunda wa makilomita 60 kum'mwera kwa Amsterdam ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zochitika zodziwika bwino za Holland komanso pamodzi ndi Zaanse Schans, Kinderdijk mwinamwake ndi imodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimachitika ku Dutch.
Zithunzi za malo a mphepo ya Kinderdijk amapezeka mu bukhu lililonse la zithunzi ku Holland. Mu 1997, mphero za Kinderdijk zinayikidwa pa List Of Heritage World List.
Mitambo 18 yokhala ndi mphepo ya m'ma 1700 ili m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Lek ndipo imaima pamwamba pa mathithi. Mitengo yopanga mphepo ku Kinderdijk imabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zonse zimasungidwa mu chikhalidwe.
A Dutch akhala akubwezeretsanso dzikolo kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo ngati muli ku Kinderdijk Loweruka mu Julayi kapena August, mungathe kuona mipando yonse yomwe ikugwira ntchito panthawi yomweyo. Ziyenera kukhala maso!
Madzulo, tinapita ku Rotterdam, pa doko loopsa kwambiri ku Ulaya. Rotterdam inatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse. Mu Meyi 1940, boma la Germany linapereka chigamulo kwa boma la Dutch - kudzipatulira kapena mizinda ngati Rotterdam idzawonongedwa. Boma la Netherlands linapereka kwa Ajeremani, koma ndege zinali zitakhala kale. Ambiri mwa midzi ya mzinda wa Rotterdam anawonongedwa. Chifukwa cha chiwonongeko ichi, zaka 50 zapitazi zatha kumanganso mzinda. Lero mzindawu uli ndi mawonekedwe apadera mosiyana ndi mzinda wina uliwonse ku Ulaya.
Tsiku lotsatira tinapita kukawona malo otchuka a Keukenhof pafupi ndi Amsterdam.
Ulendo Wathu Wachi Dutch pa Viking Europe mtsinje wodutsa sitimayo inali pafupi kwambiri pamene tinkapita kumalo omwe poyamba ndinakondwera ndikupita ku Netherlands kumapeto - Keukenhof Gardens.
Titatha usiku ku Viking Europe, tinasamukira ku Rotterdam, ndipo tinapita ku Schoonhoven, wotchuka ndi golide ndi siliva. Tili ku Schoonhoven, tinayenda ulendo waulendo m'mudziwu, ndipo Juanda ndi ine tinagula zodzikongoletsera za siliva zosiyana.
Titadya chakudya chamasana m'ngalawa, tinakwera njinga yamoto n'kudutsa m'midzi yamtendere kupita ku Keukenhof Gardens.
Keukenhof
Keukenhof ndi munda wamaluwa waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndili makilomita pafupifupi 10 kum'mwera kwa Haarlem, pafupi ndi matauni a Hillegom ndi Lisse. Paki yamakilomita 65 imakopa alendo oposa 800,000 pa nthawi ya 8 koloko ya tchili nyengo ya pakati pa mwezi wa March mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa May. (Nthawi imasintha pang'ono chaka chilichonse.)
Olima a Keukenhof amagwirizanitsa chilengedwe ndi njira zopangira kupanga mamiliyoni a tulips ndi daffodils nthawi imodzimodzi chaka chilichonse. Kuwonjezera pa tulips ndi daffodils, hyacinths ndi mababu ena a maluwa, zitsamba zamaluwa, mitengo yakale, ndi zomera zina zopanda malire zilipo kuti zisangalatse komanso zimakondweretsa alendowo. Kuwonjezera apo, pali mawonetsero khumi mkati kapena minda yamaluwa isanu ndi iwiri.
Mundawu umakhala ndi masitolo a khofi komanso malo odyera anayi.
Masitolo a Keukenhof amachititsa aliyense wojambula zithunzi kuwoneka ngati katswiri. Sindinapange zithunzi zomwe zinkandiyamikira monga momwe ndinatengera ku Keukenhof ndi Florida ku Netherlands masika.
Tinayambiranso sitimayo ku Amsterdam ndipo tinali pa doko ku Amsterdam usiku wonse.
Tsiku lotsatira, tinanyamuka kupita ku Atlanta ku Amsterdam. Paulendo wathu wausiku wopita ku Amsterdam, ndinkangokhalira kukwera ndege, ma tulips, nsapato za matabwa, ndi makasitoma onse ofunika kwambiri. Ndikupita kunyumba, ndikutha kuona bwino zomwe zikuchitika ku Netherlands chifukwa cha ulendo wathu wodabwitsa kwambiri.
Monga momwe zimagwirira ntchito malonda oyendayenda, mlembiyu anapatsidwa mwayi woyendetsa malo ogona kuti apite kukonzanso. Ngakhale kuti sizinawononge ndemanga iyi, About.com imakhulupirira kuti ndikudziwitsatu zonse zomwe zingakhale zovuta. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani Ethics Policy.