01 ya 09
Nkhondo za Cu Chi - Chidule Chachidule
Ntchito ya asilikali a US. Chilankhulo cha Anthu. Ma Cu Cu Tunnels ndi malo ogwirira pansi, omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita 55 kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). Pafupifupi maola awiri kuchokera ku likulu lakale la South Vietnam, Cu Chi Tunnels masiku ano imakhala ndi malo otchuka otchuka a Saigon omwe amapereka alendo kuti ayang'ane mbiri ya nkhondo ya Vietnam.
Palibe zovuta, zowonongeka ndi tizilombo apa; boma la Vietnamese layeretsa malowa ndikukhazikitsa malo ambirimbiri omwe ali pafupi ndi malowa, osatchulapo malo ogulitsira malingaliro abwino komanso malo othawirako kumene alendo angathe kuwombera zida zokwana $ dola.
M'zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi ziwiri, Cu Chi anali gawo la gawo losautsidwa kwambiri pa nkhondo ya Vietnam. Chi Chi anali malo a "Iron Triangle", malo okwana makilomita 60 m'boma la Binh Duong ku Vietnam omwe amakhalamo akukondana ndi Viet Cong, kapena maboma achikomyunizimu ku South.
Cu Chi inagwiranso ntchito ngati malo ofunika kwambiri pa "Ho Chi Minh Trail", zomwe zipangizo ndi magulu ankhondo anazisankha kuchokera ku Chikomyunizimu chaku North Vietnam kuti apandukire ku South America. Nkhondo ya US top brass inadziwa kufunika kwa Cu Chi Tunnels, ndipo idayesa kangapo kuti iwononge matanthwe.
Opaleshoni Crimp mu 1966 anayesera kuti awononge a Viet Cong m'malo awo, koma mbali zambiri za msewuwu zinali zowononga mabomba. Misampha ya booby m'makonzedwewa anawopseza asilikali 8,000 a ku America ndi ankhondo omwe anali pansi pa Cu Chi. Mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakonowa amatanthauza kuti mabomba ndi gasi sangathe kuthamangitsa kapena kugwidwa ndi Viet Cong m'matanthwe.
Ntchito yotchedwa Cedar Falls m'chaka cha 1967 inachulukitsa gulu la anthu 30,000, kuphatikizapo "makoswe", kapena akatswiri ophunzitsidwa pankhondo (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). "Makoswe a tunnel" analibe zipangizo zamakono - makamaka iwo akanakhala ndi .sitolanti, mpeni, ndi flashlight.
Kutentha kwa mabomba ndi ngolo yamakono kunkafika panthawi inayake, koma magulu a zigawenga amatha kusungunuka m'nkhalango, kubwerera ku Cu Chi pamene ntchito za kuderalo ku United States zatha.
02 a 09
Chinsinsi cha Cu Chi Tunnels 'Kupambana
Diorama ya Cu Chi Tunnels, kusonyeza zipinda zosungirako, khitchini (zomwe zili ndi zipinda zamkati kuti zifalitse utsi), malo ogona, ndi misampha ya booby kwa makoswe osakondera a US. Chithunzi © Jake Robillo, wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chilolezo. Kodi n'chiyani chinapangitsa Cu Chi Tunnels kukhala yopambana? Kuwombera kumalo opangira maunjinilo a tunnel: chifukwa cha kuyesedwa ndi zolakwika, komanso ntchito yolimbika ya Viet Cong, amene anajambula ngalande ndi manja ndi zosavuta ndi mafosholo.
Panthawiyi, msewuwu unali pamtunda wa makilomita oposa 75, mpaka kufika kumalire a Cambodia. Makinawa ankatambasula dzanja, pamtunda wa mamita asanu kapena asanu pa tsiku.
Masewu ogwiritsira ntchito misewu anali ndi zipatala, nyumba zogona, khitchini, malo ogulitsira mabomba, malo owonetsera masewera, ndi mafakitale a zida.
Utsi wochokera ku khitchini ndi zida zankhondo zinamangidwa ndi chimbudzi chokhala ndi zipinda zambiri zomwe zikanasokoneza utsi wa moto, kuteteza mapepala onse kuti asawoneke ndi adani.
Mphepo ya mpweya wa m'mlengalenga inasinthidwa ngati zitsamba kapena mabala ochepa.
Pogwedezeka molimba pansi pa mapazi a US, ma tunnel amapanga malo obisalamo ndi malo osaoneka kumene Viet Cong angagwire mwakamphindi, ndipo amatha mwamsanga momwe amaonekera.
03 a 09
Chi Chi Tunnels 'Chinthu Chodabwitsa
"Kutchera msampha", womwe nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi masamba, kumangirira pamene phazi limatsika, kulowa mkati mwa mwendo wa munthu wathyola ndi zitsulo zakuthwa. Chithunzi © Mike Aquino, chololedwa ku About.com. Asilikali a ku US omwe amayesa kulowerera mumsewuwu anakumana ndi mavuto ambiri: makonzedwe ochepa kwambiri anali ochepa kwambiri kwa a American servicemen (ngakhale kuti anali aang'ono kwambiri, a Vietnamese), ndipo njirayo inali ndi tizilombo toledzera ndi misampha yoopsa.
Maulendo angapo amatha kuwononga migodi kapena mabomba; maenje otseguka kuti apachike asilikali pa nkhonya zachitsulo zowonongeka.
Midzi yoyandikana nayo inali yodzaza ndi migodi yabwino, pangozi asilikali a ku America. Gwero la migodi iyi? Asilikali Achimereka okha.
Mabomba ndi zida zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe a ku America anasonkhanitsidwa ndi Viet Cong ndipo anabweretsa ku Cu Chi pansi pamphepete mwachangu, kumene anasandulika kukhala migodi, rocket launchers, ndi zida zina. Mwachidule, Achimereka anali kupereka zida zankhondo za Viet Cong kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito zotsutsana okha!
04 a 09
Ma Cu Cu Tunnels - Oyeretsedwa kwa Okaona Malo
Mlendo amayesa chombo (chakulitsidwa) cha Cu Chi kukula kwake. Ma tunnel si aakulu mokwanira kuti ayime; Mlendoyo akuyenera kudula-kuyenda kudutsa njirayo. Chithunzi © Jake Robillo, wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chilolezo. Nkhondo idatha mu 1975; Chikomyunizimu chaku North chakumapeto chakum'mwera chakummwera chakum'mwera, ndipo mapepalawa anayeretsedwa ngati chikumbutso cha nkhondo.
Masiku ano, alendo oyenda ku Vietnam amabwera kukumbukira akufa awo ndipo amakumbukira nkhondoyo, pamene alendo ambiri akumadzulo akubwera kudzafufuza njira zawo.
Ma tunnel ena adakulitsidwa chifukwa cha anthu ambiri akumadzulo. Mitengoyi imapukutidwa ndi kutsukidwa nthawi zonse, kotero alendo samalumidwa kapena kuchititsidwa khungu ndi fumbi kapena nyongolotsi.
Vuto lokhalo pansi pano ndi claustrophobia - ngakhale mawonekedwe otukulidwa ndi bakha-kuyenda, ndipo ndi mpumulo waukulu kuti ukhale stasi yosanjikiza yomwe imatsogolera pamwamba.
05 ya 09
Mtsinje wa Cu Chi 'Makonzedwe Odabwitsa
A Guide ku Cu Chi amasonyeza kukula pang'ono ndi kusadziwika kwa pafupifupi Cu Chi tunnel kulowa. Chithunzi © Mike Aquino, chololedwa ku About.com. Mitsewu yotseguka kwa alendo ndi kagawo kakang'ono kogwirizanitsa ndi Cu Chi pachimake; Mitunda yambiri yawonongeka chifukwa chosagwiritsidwa ntchito, choncho malo okaona malowa ali ndi chombo chowonjezera ndi mabowo ochepa omwe amawonekera.
Mtsuko womwe umasonyezedwa pamwambawu umasonyeza kuti misewuyi ndi yaying'ono komanso yaikulu kwambiri. Maenje ndi ma tunnel amawoneka bwino, okonzeka kwambiri a Vietnamese, ndipo samapatula mafelemu amtaliatali, omwe amapezeka pakati pa American servicemen.
Chikho cha Cu Chi chimasonyeza momwe angalowetse ndi kutsekera dzenje - woyendetsa amalowa kumapazi oyambirira, atanyamula chivindikiro pamwamba pa mutu wake (kumanzere), ndipo amagwada pamondo kuti thupi lake lonse lilowe pansi.
Pomwe thupi lake lonse lili mkati, wotsogolererayo amakoloka chivindikirocho kumalo (kumanja), osasiya kanthu kalikonse komwe kumasonyeza malo a dzenje.
Kwa amishonale a ku America m'dera la nkhondo ya Vietnam, ziyenera kuti zinkawoneka ngati zikugwidwa ndi mizimu.
06 ya 09
Mafilimu a Chi Chi Tunnels ndi Propaganda
Woyendera alendo amawonetsa chimodzi mwa zisankho zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza miyala, monga momwe wotsogolera wina amawonera. Chithunzi © Mike Aquino, chololedwa ku About.com. Zojambula za Cu Chi Tunnel zikuphatikizidwa mu magulu angapo ofunika.
Ampitheatre ndi omwe amayamba kuyima paulendo - oyendayenda amaloledwa kulowa mu dzenje loumala pansi, lokhala ndi denga lamtundu, ndipo amasonyeza chithunzi cha Cu Chi Tunnels, komanso mauthenga ofiira ndi oyera kanema yopangidwa m'ma 1970.
Alendo akuperekedwanso ndi ndondomeko kuti awone zida zina za zida za Cu Chi Tunnels za nkhondo.
07 cha 09
Zithunzi za Cu Chi Tunnels '
Sitima yotengedwa ku Cu Chi mawonetsero. Sitima imatulutsa mabowo omwe amachititsa "asilikali okonda dziko" a Viet Cong. Chithunzi © Jake Robillo, wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chilolezo. Nyumba imodzi ya pansi pano ikuwonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya misampha yomwe Viet Viet Cong inagwira kuti igwire asilikali a ku America m'deralo. Misampha imayikidwa motsutsana ndi nsalu zojambulajambula zosonyeza asilikali a US akuvutika kwambiri. Zitsanzo zomwe zili m'bwaloli ndizodziwika bwino (ngati nkhanza), kuchokera ku zovuta zazingwe ndi zitseko zomwe zimapangitsa anthu omwe amazunzidwa kuti asatsegule khomo lolakwika.
Chigawo china chimaphatikizapo diorama imene ikuimira fakitale ya vidiyo ya Viet Cong. Mabomba a US osadziŵika ndi zida zina zomwe anagwidwa zinabweretsedwa ku mafakitale ameneŵa, kumene anapangidwa m'migodi, mabomba, ndi zida zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi asilikali a ku America ku Vietnam.
Kunja, alendo amatha kuona njira zamagetsi ndi njira zotseguka; zitsanzo za zida za America zomwe zinagwidwa (kuphatikizapo mulu wa mabomba osadziŵika, ndipo mochititsa chidwi kwambiri, tanka lotchedwa Sherman tank); ndi chisonyezero cha msampha wogwira ntchito, pansi pake pamakhala ndi mizere yowonongeka ya punji.
08 ya 09
Shopu ya Chi Chi Souvenir ... ndi Mpikisano Wowotcha
Kuthamanga kumene kumakhala pafupi ndi shopu yobwereza ku Cu Chi. Chithunzi © Mike Aquino, chololedwa ku About.com. Pamapeto pa msewu, malo ogulitsira malingaliro omwe amapezeka kwambiri akuyembekezera alendo odandaula, kugulitsa chakudya, zakumwa, ndi zizindikiro za ulendo.
Mukhoza kugula mavidiyo omwe anakuwonetserani pa ampitheater (ngati kuwona koyomwe sikukukwanira), kapena kugula mementoes kuphatikizapo (koma osaperewera) ziphuphu zoperekedwa kuchokera ku American servicemen, zogwirizana ndi magawano a insignias ndi ovuta- bulu mottoes ("Ndikudziwa kuti ndikupita kumwamba chifukwa ndakhala kale ku gehena: Vietnam").
Ngati zochitika sizomwe mukuchita, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zanu mmalo mwa zida zowonjezereka. Palibe malipiro othandizira zida zanu, koma ammo sizitsika mtengo - chiwerengero cha November 2009 ndi awa:
- M16, M60 - VND 30,000 pa bullet, kapena pafupifupi $ 1.67
- AK-47 - VND 26,000 pa bullet, kapena pafupi $ 1.45
- M30, M1 - VND 24,000 pa bullet, kapena $ 1.34
- K54, K59 - VND 25,000 pa bullet, kapena $ 1.40
09 ya 09
Nkhumba za Cu Chi: Maulendo, Zamalonda
Malo ogulitsira tikiti pakhomo la chikho cha Cu Chi Tunnels. Alendo akunja amalipira zambiri kuti alowe kusiyana ndi anthu a ku Vietnam. Chithunzi © Mike Aquino, chololedwa ku About.com. Kukafika ku Cu Chi Tunnels kungakonzedwe ndi mabungwe ambiri oyendera maulendo omwe akutuluka kuchokera ku Ho Chi Minh City.
Chitsogozo cha Your.com.com chinasindikizidwa ndi The Sinh Tourist (yomwe poyamba inkadziwika kuti Sinh Café; site: www.thesinhtourist.vn), yomwe imapereka ulendo wa masiku asanu ndi limodzi wa Cu Chi Tunnels kwa VND 110,000 (pafupifupi $ 6.15 - kulipira ku Vietnamese Dong yekha ) ndi kunyamula ndi kuchotsa ku ofesi yawo ku De Tham Street pa District One.
Phukusi la ulendowu limaphatikizapo woyendetsa alendo, yemwe adzathamangitse gulu lanu kuzungulira chiwonetsero ndikupereka zina zomwe mukuwona. Ulendowu ukuwoneka bwino ngati gawo la gulu; zowonetseratu sizinawonedwe kuti ziwoneke ndi oyendayenda akuyenda okha, ndipo mukusowa chitsogozo chodziwitsa kuti mufotokoze chiwonetsero chilichonse.
Malipiro ovomerezeka sakuphatikizidwa phukusi la ulendo. Akuluakulu ayenera kulipira malipiro a VND 75,000 (pafupifupi $ 4.20 - kulipira mu Vietnamese Dong kokha) pofika pa tsamba.
Ulendowu umatenga maola atatu kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto - osati kuphatikizapo kupita kumalo ndi kumbuyo, koma kuphatikizapo ulendo wopita ku Mankhwala Opanga Mankhwala Operewera, kumene anthu omwe amachitira nkhanza za nkhondo amapanga zojambulajambula zogulitsa kunja.
Zotsatira za Cu Chi Tunnels
- Adilesi: Ben Dinh, Nhuan Duc, Cu Chi, Ho Chi Minh City
- Telefoni: +84 8 37948823, 37948820, 37948842
- Site: www.cuchitunnel.org.vn