Mu 2017, mvula yamkuntho ya Atlantic inali yogwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa yachilendo ndipo Florida inagwidwa ndi gulu 4 Mphepete mwa Irma, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke kwambiri chifukwa cha mphepo ndi kusefukira kwa madzi.
Zaka zisanafike 2016, dziko la Florida linali litagonjetsedwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Sunshine State inali itatha zaka 11 popanda mphepo yamkuntho. Koma zaka khumi zapitazo zinayamba kufika mu September 2016, pamene gulu-1 mphepo yamkuntho Hermine inapangidwira nthaka isanafike pofalikira mvula yamkuntho.
Pambuyo pa masabata angapo, mu October 2016, gulu lachitatu la Hurricane Matthew silinayambe kugonjetsedwa ku Florida koma adakhala tsiku lonse akuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumatawuni, kupha anthu ambiri, ndikusiya Floridians oposa milioni opanda mphamvu.
Mukukonzekera ulendo wopulumukira ku Florida? Pano pali zomwe muyenera kudziwa za mvula yamkuntho.
Kodi chimphepo n'chiyani? Mphepo yamkuntho ndi mphepo yamkuntho yomwe imagwirizana ndi mphepo yamkuntho imalowa m'modzi mwa mitundu isanu, ndipo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho.
Kodi mphepo yamkuntho imakhala liti? Mphepo yamkuntho ya Atlantic imayamba kuyambira pa 1 Juni mpaka November 30, kuyambira pachiyambi cha August mpaka kumapeto kwa Oktoba. Mwezi wa September umabweretsa mvula yamkuntho. Mtsinje wa Atlantic umaphatikizapo nyanja yonse ya Atlantic, Nyanja ya Caribbean ndi Gulf of Mexico.
Kodi nthawi yamkuntho nyengo ikuwoneka bwanji? Malingana ndi zochitika zakale za nyengo zakumbuyo kuyambira 1950, dera la Atlantic lidzawombedwa ndi mphepo zamkuntho zokhala ndi mphepo 39 za mph, zomwe zisanu ndi ziwiri zimakhala mphepo yamkuntho ndi mphepo yomwe ikufika 74 mph kapena kuposa, ndipo mvula yamkuntho itatu ndi itatu mphepo ya 111 mph.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mvula yamkunthoyi siimapangitsa kuti kugwa ku United States kukhale kovuta.
Ndi mphepo zamkuntho zingati zomwe zikugwa ku Florida? Pafupipafupi, mphepo yamkuntho imodzi (kapena makamaka, mvula yamkuntho 1.75) imatha kugwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku East America chaka chilichonse. Mwa iwo, 40 peresenti yafika ku Florida. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1851, mphepo zamkuntho 37 zatha ku Florida.
Pali kusiyana kochepa pakati pa chiwerengero cha mkuntho ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kugwa kwa nthawi iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, 2010 inali nyengo yotanganidwa kwambiri, yomwe inali ndi mphepo yamkuntho 19 ndi mafunde 12. Komabe palibe mphepo yamkuntho, komanso mphepo yamkuntho yokha, yomwe inachititsa kuti dzikoli lifike ku United States chaka chimenecho.
Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani pa mapulani anga? Momwemo, pamakhala chiopsezo chochepa kuti mphepo yamkuntho idzakhudzidwa ndi tchuthi lanu. Komabe, ngati mukukonzekera tchuthi ku Florida pakati pa June ndi October, mungaganize kugula inshuwalansi yaulendo kapena kusankha hotelo yomwe imapereka chitsimikizo cha mphepo yamkuntho . Kawirikawiri, ngati ulendo wanu watsekedwa kapena kusokonezeka chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho, mukhoza kubwezeredwa mpaka kumapeto. Dziwani kuti nthawi zambiri, inshuwalansi iyenera kugulidwa maola oposa 24 isanafike mphepo yamkuntho.
Onaninso kuti mphepo zamkuntho zomwe sizifika pa mphepo yamkuntho zikhoza kukhazikitsa nthawi yopuma pobweretsa mvula yosayima kwa masiku. Simungathe kufotokozera tchuthi chanu popanda chilango, koma muyenera kuyang'ana maulendo a nyengo ndikukonzekera (ndi kunyamula) moyenera.
Ndingakhale bwanji pamwamba pa machenjezo a mkuntho? Ngati mukupita kumalo otsetsereka ndi mphepo yamkuntho, thandizani pulogalamu ya mphepo yamkuntho kuchokera ku American Red Cross kuti musinthe mazenera ndi kuphedwa kwa zinthu zothandiza.
Kubwereza kwa mphepo yamkuntho nyengo 2017
Mphepo yamkuntho ya 2017 yotchedwa Atlantic nyengo inali yoopsa kwambiri, yoopsa komanso yoopsa kwambiri yomwe inakhala yoopsa kwambiri chifukwa zolemba zinayamba mu 1851. Chodabwitsa kwambiri, nyengoyi inali yopanda malire, ndipo mphepo yamkuntho yonse ya 10 ikuchitika motsatizana.
Ambiri olosera zamphongo sanaphonye chizindikiro, mwina pang'ono kapena mopepuka kuwerengera nambala ndi ukali wa mkuntho. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka, olosera ankaganiza kuti El Niño idzayamba, kuchepetsa ntchito yamkuntho. Komabe, El Niño yomwe inaloseredwayo inalephera kukhazikitsa, m'malo mwake, zozizira zopanda ndale zinayamba kupanga La Niña kwa chaka chachiwiri mzere. Ena olosera malingaliro adasintha malingaliro awo powona zochitika, koma sanamvetse bwinobwino momwe nyengoyo idzaonekera.
Kumbukirani kuti chaka chomwecho chimabweretsa mikuntho 12 yotchulidwa, mphepo zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndi mphepo zamkuntho zitatu.
Chaka cha 2017 chinali ndi nyengo yoposa yachiwiri yomwe inachititsa kuti mvula yamkuntho ikhale 17, mafunde amphamvu 10, ndi mphepo zamkuntho zisanu ndi zikuluzikulu. Pano pali momwe otsogolera akuyendera ndi maulosi awo mu nyengo ya 2017.
- NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) idakayikira nyengoyi, yatsimikizira nyengo ya "yapamwamba" yomwe ili ndi 11 mpaka 17 yotchedwa mphepo yamkuntho, mphepo zamkuntho zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, kuphatikizapo mphepo zamkuntho zazikulu ziwiri kapena zinayi.
- Zolinga zamtundu wa Global Weather Oscillations Inc. (GWO) zinaneneratu zapamwamba-zochitika zomwe zimakhalapo ndi mphepo zamkuntho zina 16, mafunde asanu ndi atatu, ndi mphepo zamkuntho zinayi.
- Mvula Yamkuntho Yoopsa Kuchokera ku yunivesite ya London inaneneratu kuti nyengoyi idzakhala yoopsa kwambiri pofotokoza zonyansa 14 zomwe zimatchulidwa, mphepo zisanu ndi ziŵiri, ndi mphepo zamkuntho zitatu.
- Weather Channel inaneneratu nyengo yachilendo, yokhala ndi mikuntho 12 yotchulidwa, mphepo zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndi mphepo zamkuntho ziwiri zazikuru.
- Dera la North Carolina State University la Dipatimenti ya Marine, Earth ndi Atmospheric Sciences inasowa chizindikiro ponena kuti nyengo yamkuntho idzakhala yachilendo ndi 11 mpaka 15 yotchedwa mphepo yamkuntho, mphepo zamkuntho zinayi kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndi mphepo yamkuntho imodzi kapena itatu.
- Nkhokwezi zinali kutali, pokhala ndi nthawi yochepa chabe kuposa nthawi yachizolowezi, ndi mphepo zamkuntho khumi, mafunde aakulu asanu, ndi mphepo zamkuntho zitatu.
- Colorado State University inaneneratu kuti chaka chochepa sichigwira ntchito mofanana, makamaka ndi maulendo 11 omwe amatchulidwapo, mphepo zamkuntho zinayi, ndi mphepo zamkuntho zikuluzikulu ziwiri.