Malo a UNESCO World Heritage Sites ku Scotland

Malo Osakumbukira Ambiri Oti Azidzacheza ku Scotland

Scotland ili ndi malo asanu a UNESCO World Heritage omwe amasankhidwa chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo kapena chilengedwe chawo chonse padziko lonse lapansi. Ena ndi ovuta kuona paulendo wopita ku Scotland. Kufikira kwa ena, monga Orkney ndi St Kilda, ndizochitika zenizeni zaulendo koma kubwezera nthawi ndi khama lanu ndi madalitso osaneneka. Konzani njira kuzungulira malo apaderawa kuti mupite ku Scotland mu ulendo wa moyo wonse.

• 01 ya 05

  Kupanga Bridge

  The Forth Bridge ndi malo atsopano a World Heritage Site ku Scotland, omwe amatha kusiyanitsa mu Julayi 2015, panthawi yake yokha ya kubadwa kwa 125. Kuyang'ana Mzinda wa Miliri pafupifupi makilomita 9 kumadzulo kwa Edinburgh ku South Queensferry, mlatho wa sitimayi unali mlatho woyamba woyamba wa dziko lonse lapansi. Pa mamita 2,529 (pafupifupi makilomita 1.57) ndi imodzi mwa milatho yaitali kwambiri.

  Mlathowu unatsegulidwa mu 1890, pafupi ndi nthawi imene sitimayo idatengera msika wa ulendo wautali. Undandanda wake wa UNESCO umati:

  "Zojambula zake zopangidwa ndi mafakitale zimapangidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osadziwika bwino komanso osadetsedwa. Forst Bridge ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa mlatho ndi kumanga ..."

  Momwe mungawone Bridge Forth

  • Mapazi - Njira za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Firth of Forth, kuzungulira South Queensferry ndi kumpoto kwa kumpoto ku North Queensferry zimapereka malingaliro abwino a mlatho, chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za Scotland. Ngati mukuyendera Edinburgh, pitani ku Seat Arthur kapena Salisbury Crags ku Holyrood Park kuti mukaone kutali.
  • Pa mlatho - Mapulani ali mu ntchito kupanga zochitika ziwiri zatsopano za mlendo pa mlatho. Mlendo wapanyumba ku North Queensferry adzaphatikizapo kutseguka kwa mphepo pamalo okwerera pamwamba pamwamba pa nsanja ya kumpoto. Ulendo woyendetsedwa kuchokera ku likulu ku South Queensferry idzatengera anthu ofuna kukondwerera kukwera pamwamba pa nsanja ya kumwera. Mukhoza kuyang'ana mavidiyo angapo ndikusunga zochitika pa The Forth Bridge Experience pano.
  • Pa bwato - Forth Tours amathamanga kawirikawiri maulendo oyendetsa ngalawa ku Firth amene amapita pansi pa mlatho kuchokera ku mtanda ku South Queensferry. Amakhalanso ndi mphunzitsi wopita ku ngalawa yopita ku Edinburgh. Mkazi wa Forth amagwira ntchito yamtunda ku Island Inchorn pakati pa Firth yomwe imaperekanso malingaliro abwino a mlatho.

  Bridge Forth in Story

  Mlathowu umapangidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira wotsutsa dzimbiri. Zimatengera zaka khumi kupenta mlatho ndi m'mbuyomu, atangomaliza mapulogalamuwo pamapeto pake, amayenera kuyambiranso. Kotero mu chithunzithunzi cha ku Britain, ntchito yosatha imanenedwa kukhala ngati kujambula Bridge Forth.

  Izo si zoona panonso. Pamene ojambulawo adatha kumaliza ntchito yawo ya zaka 10, mu 2011, National Rail, omwe akuyang'anira mlathowu, adanena kuti zipangizo zamakono ndi zojambula zowonetsa kuti mlathowo sungakhale wowonjezera ndikuwombera nsalu kwa zaka 20.

• 02 ya 05

  St Kilda

  Mu 1930, anthu onse a St Kilda (onse 36) adachoka ku chilumba chokhalapo chomwechi, kumtunda wa makilomita 110 kumadzulo kwa Scotland, chifukwa cha dzikoli. Umenewu unali mapeto a mudzi womwe udakhalapo zaka zoposa 1,000. Umboni wina wa chilumba unasonyeza kuti anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito chilumbachi zaka pafupifupi 4,000.

  St Kilda ndi imodzi mwa malo osawerengeka a UNESCO World Heritage omwe amalembedwa pa mndandanda wa chikhalidwe chawo ndi chilengedwe chawo. Mu 1986 idakhala malo oyamba a malo olemera padziko lonse ku Scotland. Mu 2005 iwo adalumikizana ndi gulu la anthu oposa khumi ndi awiri omwe adatchulidwa kufunika kwa chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe. Mu 2013 idasinthidwa kufika ku malo apadera a Universal Universal - yosungidwa zomwe UNESCO zimaona malo apadera kwambiri padziko lapansi.

  Bwanji St Kilda?

  • Mwachikhalidwe, Chikhalidwe cha Padziko Lonse chidzateteza kutsimikizira umboni wa "zikwi mazana awiri za ntchito za anthu panthawi zovuta kwambiri." Anthu okhala pachilumbachi anali ndi chuma chambiri chosungira nkhosa, kusonkhanitsa katundu wa mbalame ndi kuyendetsa nthaka. Umboni wa mudzi wawo wotayika, ndi zolembera zake za nkhosa (zouma miyala yosanjikizidwa) zimakhalabe pamwamba pa doko la St Kilda, pa Hirta.
  • Gulu la chilumbachi linakhazikitsidwa ndi chiphalaphala chakale, madzi osefukira komanso kutentha kwa nthaka zomwe zimapanga malo okongola kwambiri komanso masoka ochititsa chidwi a m'nyanja. Ambiri a St. Kilda ali pafupi.
  • Zinyama zakutchire ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana pa zilumbazi ndi chifukwa chabwino chochezera. Madzi oposa 1 miliyoni amagwiritsa ntchito zilumbazi kuti azisamalira komanso azisunthira, makamaka ma puffins, gannets ndi fulmars. Zilumbazi zimakhalanso kunyumba ya Soay nkhosa, mtundu wakale womwe ukhoza kubweretsedwa ndi oyambirira a St Kilda, zaka zikwi zapitazo.
  • Ngakhalenso zooneka pansi pa madzi ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zikuphatikizidwa mu Mndandanda wa Zolemba za Padziko Lonse.

  Kufika ku St Kilda ...

  ... si ntchito yosavuta. Mukhoza kukwera bwato kupita ku chilumba koma ngati mudzatha kugunda zimadalira nyengo ndi mafunde - palibe chitsimikizo. Werengani lipoti lathu paulendo wopita ku St Kilda.

  Kuti mudziwe kuti moyo wawo unali wovuta bwanji, pitani ku Glasgow's Riverside Museum komwe iwo amakhala ndi "Jollyboat", imodzi mwa mabwato otsiriza omwe oyenda pachilumbachi ankagwiritsira ntchito maboti, makalata ndi oyendayenda ku sitima zoyendayenda.

• 03 a 05

  Edinburgh Old and New Towns

  Mkulu wa Scotland ndi mpando wa Nyumba ya malamulo yatsopano, akuphatikiza achinyamata ndi amasiku ano akumva mzinda waukulu wa yunivesite ndi dziko lonse lapansi ndi malo ochititsa chidwi komanso ochititsa chidwi. Chimachitika ndi phwando lalikulu kwambiri la masewera olimbitsa thupi padziko lonse lapansi , liri ndi nsanja ya zaka 1,000 ndipo phiri - Arthur - pomwepo pakati pa tauni.

  Mzindawu, womwe ndi likulu la Scotland kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 15, unagawidwa m'madera awiri - Chijojiya ndi Neoclassical New Town ndi malo akuluakulu ndi mabwalo a m'munda ndi Old Town, ndikumangidwa ndi mpando wachifumu wamakedzana wotchedwa Edinburgh Castle.

  UNESCO imalemba kuti malo ogwirizana a madera awiriwa amapereka mzindawo kukhala khalidwe lapadera, ndikuyamikira Edinburgh kuti "zakhudza kwambiri mizinda", akuti:

  "Kusiyana pakati pa mzinda wakale wakale wa Old Town ndi mzinda watsopano wa Chijojiya wa Edinburgh, Scotland, umapereka chidziwitso cha zomangamanga zosawerengeka ku Ulaya."

  Mapiri a Princes Street

  Paki, ndi mapiri, zigwa ndi matabwa - omwe amadziwika kuti Princes Street Gardens - amalekanitsa Old and New Towns a Edinburgh ndipo amapereka chithunzi cha neoclassical Scottish National Galleries ndi Royal Scottish Academy . Zikuwoneka, kuti dziko lonse lapansi, ngati malo a chilengedwe, limodzi ndi mapiri a Edinburgh ndi malo ake otchuka Castle Castle.

  Ndipotu, ndipangidwe munthu yense, wopangidwa ndi kukhetsa Nor Loch - mwiniwake wopangidwa ndi anthu - omwe anali mbali ya chitetezo cha nsanja. Minda ndi phiri lomwe limadziwika kuti The Mound zinalengedwa kuchokera ku magalimoto opitirira miliyoni miliyoni omwe anafunkhidwa panthawi yomanga New Town.

• 04 ya 05

  New Lanark

  New Lanark ndiye adalenga Robert Owen wazaka za m'ma 1900. Mzinda wokhala ndi mapulani, womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu 1785 ndi apongozi ake a Owen, unali kale wogula miyala yapamwamba yokhala ndi madzi ogwiritsa ntchito makotoni komanso nyumba zina za antchito pamene Owen adayamba kugwira ntchito kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Panali, ngakhale apo, mndandanda waukulu kwambiri wa nyumba zomangamanga padziko lonse lapansi.

  Owen anaganiza kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zake zodziwika bwino zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha abusa kuti apange malo ogulitsa mafakitale okhala ndi malo abwino, nyumba zabwino, nyumba zabwino, maphunziro ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ogwira ntchito, malo olima m'munda, komanso nthawi, ntchito zabwino. Kukonzekera ndi zomangamanga zinapangidwa kuti zikhale bwino kwa ogwira ntchito, zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi "chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi mafakitale" kuyambira kale. Malingana ndi zimene bungwe la UNESCO linalemba kuti:

  "New Lanark ndi chikumbutso chapadera chakuti kulenga chuma sikungatanthauzenso kuwonongeka kwa ogulitsa ake. Mudziwu unali mayesero a malingaliro omwe adafuna kusintha chikhalidwe cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi. ndipo machitidwe azachuma amene Owen anayamba adayesedwa kuti ndi ovuta m'nthawi yake koma tsopano amavomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri masiku ano. "

  Pambuyo pa New Lanark

  Owen anapita kukapeza gulu la Utopia la New Harmony, Indiana, malinga ndi akuluakulu a New Lanark. Koma, popanda cholinga chogwirizanitsa choperekedwa ndi mphero zogulira nsalu ku Scotland, zinalephera kukhala bizinesi yodalirika muzaka ziwiri.Ndalama zatsopano za New Lanark zinagulitsidwa kangapo, ndipo pamapeto pake zidakhala zokhala ndi roperie zisanafike potsekedwa m'ma 1960. Mphero zowonjezera madzi a madzi zinapitiriza kugwira ntchito kuyambira 1786 mpaka 1968. Mwinamwake chifukwa cha izi, iwo anapulumuka osasinthika m'zaka za zana la 21.

  Lanark yatsopano lero

  Nyumba zamagulu, zopangira nyumba, ogwira ntchito ndi sukulu zimakhalabe ziwonetsero za mwini wake ndi abwana oyambirira. Webusaitiyi inalembedwa ku register of World Heritage mu 2001.

  New Lanark Trust, bungwe la Scottish lothandizira, limasunga malo a World Heritage pofuna kuliteteza kukhala "malo osungira, okhala ndi anthu okhalamo ndi mwayi watsopano wogwira ntchito."

  Malo ambiri amapezeka kwa alendo chaka chonse, ndi mawonetsedwe osiyanasiyana ndi zokopa zomwe mungazione ku Visitor's Center. Malowa akuphatikizapo hotelo ku nyumba imodzi yamagulu ndi nyumba yosungiramo nyumba ku nyumba yomwe kale inali yomanga nyumba, sitolo yam'mudzi ndi nsalu zamatabwa ndi zipinda zothandizira misonkhano, zokambirana ndi mawonetsero. Imodzi mwa nyumba zomwe zimakhalamo, yotchedwa The Double Row, zomwe zidagwira ntchito mpaka 1970, zikubwezeretsedwanso kuti zitheke.

  Pitani pa webusaiti yawo kuti mutsegule nthawi ndi mitengo.

• 05 ya 05

  Mtima wa Neolithic Orkney

  Alendo ku Orkney amakhudzidwa mwamsanga ndi zochitika zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zisanachitike zakale zisanachitike. Ena ali ndi zaka zoposa 5,000, Stonehenge ndi Pyramids zisanafike zaka zikwi zingapo. Malowa akuphatikizapo mabwalo awiri osiyana kwambiri ndi miyala, Maimidwe a Stenness ndi Ring of Brodgar; Mtsinje wamanda wokhala m'manda wodzaza ndi Viking runes kuchokera nthawi ina, Maeshowe; mudzi wazaka 5,000, Skara Brae, ndi maulendo angapo osokonezeka ndi malo.

  Zikumbutso zomwe zimapanga malo a World Heritage ndizofunikira kwambiri pa nthawi ya Neolithic ku Western Europe. Mzinda wa Skara Brae wa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu, womwe unakhazikika kwambiri, unangowoneka m'zaka za zana la 19 pamene mphepo yamkuntho inagwedeza mchenga umene unali utakulungidwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Ikuonedwa kuti ndisungidwe yabwino kwambiri ya Neolithic padziko lapansi. Choyamba cholembedwa pa mndandandanda mu 1999, malowa adakwera pamwamba pa Mtengo Wopambana Wachilengedwe. UNESCO Listing inati:

  "Zikumbutso za Orkney zimakhala ndi umboni wapadera kapena wodabwitsa wa miyambo yofunika ya chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chomwe chinakula zaka zoposa 500-1000 koma zinatayika pafupifupi 2000 BC BC ... Izo ndi umboni wa chikhalidwe cha anthu a Neolithic a kumpoto kwa Ulaya, panthaŵiyi 3000-2000 BC. "

  Kufufuzidwa kwatsopano kwa mwambo waukulu kapena mwambo wapadera pa malo odziwika ndi dzina lakuti The Ness of Brodgar akuwonjezera nzeru zambiri ndi umboni wa anthu akale a Orkney. Iwo akhoza kuyendera panthawi yomwe inakonzedwa nyengo yotentha yofukula mabwinja. Njira yabwino kwambiri yochezera zipilala zamakono za Orkney ndi kukhala limodzi ndi alangizi a chilumba kapena archeologists.