Mbiri Yachidule Yokweza

Kukhazikitsa ndilozikika mu chikhalidwe cha America koma chiyambi chake ndi chosavuta.

Kuyambira mwina kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma Ages pamene mbuye wapatsa mtumiki wake ndalama zingapo monga chisonyezo cha chifuniro chabwino. Pofika zaka za m'ma 1500, alendo omwe anali ku nyumba za Chingerezi ankayembekezera kupereka "chophimba" kapena ndalama zochepa kumapeto kwa ulendowo kuti akabwezeretse antchito a mwiniwake amene ankagwira ntchito pamwamba komanso kuposa ntchito zawo zonse.

Kerry Segrave, wolemba za "Kutseka: An American History of Social Gratuities," anafotokoza kuti pofika m'chaka cha 1760, antchito oyenda pansi, otchika, ndi antchito a njonda onse anali atavala zotchinga, zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama zambiri kwa alendo. Atsogoleri ndi akuluakulu adziko anayamba kudandaula. Kuyesera kuthetsa zipilala ku London mu 1764 kunayambitsa chipolowe.

Posakhalitsa tinafalikira ku mabanki a British, monga mahotela, pubs, ndi malo odyera. Mu 1800, katswiri wina wafilosofi wa ku Scottish, Thomas Carlyle, adadandaula podzudzula woperekera zakudya ku Bell Inn ku Gloucester, "Ndinachita manyazi kwambiri chifukwa chodandaula za ndalama zomwe ndinapatsa, uta umene unali pafupi kukondweretsa ndi kukankha. Kutembereredwa kukhala mtundu wa flunkeys! "

Sichikuwonekera pamene mawu oti "tip" adalowa mu Chingerezi koma ena amanena kuti mawuwa adachokera kwa Samuel Johnson. Johnson ankakonda kupita ku khofi limene linali ndi mbale yolembedwa kuti "Kuonetsetsa Kuchita Modzipereka," ndipo Johnson ndi alendo ena amaika ndalama mu mbale usiku wonse kuti alandire ntchito yabwino.

Izi posachedwa zafupikitsidwa kuti "TIP" ndiyeno mwachidule.

Zisanafike chaka cha 1840, Achimereka sanapempherere. Koma, pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe, amwenye atsopano a ku America adayendera ku Ulaya ndipo adabweretsa chizolowezicho kumudzi kuti asonyeze kuti anali kudziko lina ndikudziwa malamulo a genteel. Mkonzi wina wa New York Times anadandaula kuti, kamodzi kamodzi kamagwira ku United States, imakula mofulumira ngati "tizilombo zoipa ndi namsongole."

Pofika zaka za m'ma 1900, anthu a ku America ankaganiza kuti akungoyamba kukhala osowa ndipo nthawi zambiri ankatsutsidwa chifukwa chokwera. Anthu a ku England adadandaula kuti "Achimereka osasamala" amatsitsa kwambiri, antchito otsogolera akudzimva kuti ndi osakanikirana ndi a British. Mofananamo, magazini ya 1908 Travel inapeza kuti anthu a ku America anagonjetsedwa koma adalandira ntchito yosauka chifukwa Amereka sankadziwa momwe angachitire antchito ndi mamembala.

Pamene kudumpha kunayamba kufalikira ku America, ambiri adapeza kuti akutsutsana ndi demokalase komanso zolinga za ku America. Mu 1891, wolemba nyuzipepala Arthur Gaye analemba kuti munthu ayenera kupatsidwa chithandizo kwa munthu "amene amamuona kuti ndi wocheperapo ndi wopereka, osati chuma cha dziko lapansi, komanso m'malo mwa anthu." "Kutsekereza, ndi lingaliro lodziwika bwino lomwe limapereka chitsanzo, ndilo tomwe tinachoka ku Ulaya kuti tithawe," William Scott analemba mu 1916 kabuku kake kotsutsa, "The Itching Palm," momwe adanenera kuti kuchoka "kunalibe America" ​​monga "ukapolo."

Mu 1904, bungwe la Anti-Tipping Society of America linakula mu Georgia, ndipo mamembala ake 100,000 adasaina lonjezo kuti asapemphe aliyense kwa chaka. Mu 1909, Washington inakhala yoyamba pa zisanu ndi chimodzi kuti idutse lamulo losatsutsa. Koma, malamulo atsopano sankagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo pofika m'chaka cha 1926, lamulo lililonse loletsana lokha linachotsedwa.

Kusinthasintha kunasinthidwanso m'zaka za m'ma 1960, pamene Congress inavomereza kuti antchito angalandire malipiro ochepa ngati gawo lina la malipiro lawo linachokerako. Malipiro ochepa omwe amagwira ntchito ogwira ntchito ndi $ 2.13, omwe sanasinthe zaka zoposa 20, malinga ngati antchito amalandira osachepera $ 7.25 pamalangizo pa ora. Saru Jayaraman, mlembi wa Behind the Kitchen Door, akulongosola kuti malipiro ochepa a $ 2.13 amatanthauza kuti malipiro awo onse adzapita ku misonkho ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwira antchito kuti azikhala ndi malingaliro awo.

Ena awona kuti chifukwa chakuti odikira amapita kumalangizo awo, kulowerera ku United States kuli kovomerezeka osati kudzipereka, kawirikawiri kumagwirizana ndi khalidwe la utumiki, ndipo kungakhaleko chifukwa cha tsankho ndi fuko. Kafukufuku wochuluka wa pulofesa wa Cornell Michael Lynn akufotokoza kuti mbiri iyi ndi kusonkhana ndi kupereka ndalama kwa anthu ochepa kungakhale chifukwa chake tipitilirabe lero.

Lynn akufotokoza kuti "[timakhala] chifukwa timamva kuti tili ndi chilakolako chokhala ndi anthu otidikirira." Izi zinanenedwa ndi Benjamin Franklin ku Paris omwe anati, "Kupambana ndiko kuyang'ana bulu: kugwidwa ndikutulukira bulu wamkulu kwambiri."

Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto ambiriwa, malo odyera ochepa a ku America, monga Sushi Yasuda ndi Riki Restaurant, adalengeza kuti amaletsa kuwononga malo awo odyera, ndipo m'malo mwake amawapatsa malipiro apamwamba kwambiri. Mu 2015, magulu angapo odyera nawo amaletsanso malangizo.