Malaria ndi matenda a parasitic omwe amapha maselo ofiira a magazi ndipo nthawi zambiri amafalikira ndi udzudzu wa anopheles . Mitundu isanu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imasuntha anthu, omwe P. falciparum ndi owopsa kwambiri (makamaka amayi oyembekezera ndi ana). Malinga ndi lipoti la posachedwa lofalitsidwa ndi World Health Organization, malungo ndiwo ndiwo amene anapha anthu 445,000 mu 2016, ndipo 91% mwa anthu omwe anafa ku Africa.
Pa milandu yokwana 216 miliyoni yomwe inafotokozedwa chaka chomwecho, 90% zinachitika ku Africa.
Ziwerengero ngati izi zimatsimikizira kuti malungo ndi imodzi mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri a ku Africa - ndipo ngati mlendo ku Africa, inunso muli pangozi. Komabe, ndizirombo zoyenera, mwayi wokhala ndi malungo ungachepe kwambiri.
Kukonzekera koyambirira
Sikuti m'madera onse a Africa akukhudzidwa ndi matendawa, choncho choyamba ndi kufufuza komwe mukupita ndikupeza ngati mulibe vutoli kapena ayi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza malo oopsa a malungo, onetsetsani zomwe zili m'mabuku okhudza malo oletsa ndi kupewa matenda.
Ngati dera lomwe mukupita nalo ndilo malungo, konzekerani ndi dokotala wanu kapena chipatala choyendera chapafupi kuti mukambirane za mankhwala opatsirana ndi malungo. Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imabwera mu ma mapiritsi ndipo ndi prophylactics m'malo mwa katemera.
Yesetsani kuonana ndi dokotala wanu mwamsanga, monga momwe zipatala zambiri sizimasungira malonda a malungo ndipo angafunikire nthawi kuti akulamulireni.
Mwamwayi, sizingatheke kuti inshuwalansi ya umoyo wanu idzalembetsa mankhwalawa ku US. Ngati ndalama ndizovuta, funsani dokotala wanu za mapiritsi achilendo osati ma brand.
Izi zili ndi zofanana, koma nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pang'onopang'ono mtengo.
Prophylactics zosiyana
Pali zinayi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi malungo a malungo, onse omwe ali pansipa. Choyenera kwa inu chimadalira zosiyana zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo komwe mukupita, ntchito zomwe mukukonzekera mukuchita komweko ndi thupi lanu kapena chikhalidwe chanu.
Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ubwino wake, zosokoneza komanso zotsatira zake zosiyana. Ana aang'ono ndi amayi omwe ali ndi pakati ayenera kusamala kwambiri posankha mankhwala a malungo pa chifukwa ichi. Funsani dokotala kuti akupatseni malangizo pa prophylactic zomwe zingakwaniritse zosowa zanu.
Malarone
Malarone ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala odula malungo kwambiri, koma imangotengedwa tsiku limodzi musanapite ku malungo, komanso kwa sabata imodzi mutabwerera kwanu. Zili ndi zotsatira zochepa kwambiri ndipo zimapezeka mu mawonekedwe a ana kwa ana; Komabe, ziyenera kutengedwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo sizikhala zotetezeka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati kapena omwe akuyamwitsa.
Chloroquine
Chloroquine imangotengedwa mlungu uliwonse (omwe amwendamo ena amapeza bwino kwambiri), ndipo ali otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yoyembekezera. Komabe, ziyenera kutengedwa kwa milungu ingapo musanakhale ulendo wanu, ndipo zingapangitse zochitika zina zamankhwala zomwe zilipo kale.
M'madera ambiri a ku Africa, udzudzu wakhala wotsutsana ndi chloroquine, kuupanga kukhala wopanda pake.
Doxycycline
Komanso tsiku ndi tsiku, doxycycline imangotengedwa masiku 1-2 musanayende ndipo ndi imodzi mwa njira zochepetsera mankhwala opatsirana ndi malungo. Komabe, zimayenera kutengedwa kwa milungu inayi mutatha ulendo wanu, sizoyenera kwa ana ndi amayi omwe ali ndi pakati, ndipo zikhoza kuonjezera zithunzi, kutsegula ogwiritsa ntchito mosavuta kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Mefloquine
Kawirikawiri amagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la Lariam, mefloquine imatengedwa mlungu uliwonse ndipo ndi yotetezeka kwa amayi apakati. Komanso zimakhala zotsika mtengo, koma ziyenera kutengedwa milungu iwiri isanakwane ndi masabata anayi mutayenda. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amadandaula ndi maloto oipa ngakhale pa mefloquine, ndipo ndi osatetezeka kwa omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwidwa kapena matenda a maganizo. Ziphuphu zingakhale zosagwirizana ndi mefloquine m'madera ena.
Pali malangizo osiyanasiyana pa pilisi iliyonse. Onetsetsani kuti muwatsatire mosamala, podziwa mwatsatanetsatane kuti ulendo wanu uyambe kumwa mankhwala ndi nthawi yaitali bwanji kuti mupitirize kuwatenga mutabwerera.
Njira Zowonongeka
Mankhwalawa ndi ofunikira chifukwa ndizosatheka kupeĊµa kulumidwa kwa udzudzu uliwonse, ziribe kanthu momwe mumakhalira mwakhama. Komabe, ndibwino kupewa kupewa kulikonse ngakhale mutakhala pa mankhwala, makamaka monga pali matenda ena okhudzana ndi udzudzu ku Africa omwe sali ndi mapiritsi odana ndi malungo.
Ngakhale malo ogona a upmarket ambiri amapereka maukonde a udzudzu, nthawi zonse ndibwino kuti mubweretse limodzi. Iwo ndi owala, ndipo ndi ophweka kuti agwirizane ndi katundu wanu. Sankhani chimodzi chophatikizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena tidzichepetse nokha m'chipinda chanu usiku uliwonse musanagone. Miphika ya udzudzu imathandizanso kwambiri ndipo imatentha kwa maola asanu ndi atatu.
Sankhani malo okhala ndi mafani ndi / kapena ma air, monga kuyenda kwa mpweya kumavuta kuti udzudzu ugwere ndi kuluma. Pewani kuvala pambuyo pena kapena mafuta onunkhira (kuganiza kuti kukopa udzudzu); ndi kuvala thalauza lalitali ndi malaya am'manja mmawa ndi madzulo pamene ming'onoting'ono ya nopheles imagwira ntchito kwambiri.
Matenda a Malungo ndi Chithandizo
Mankhwala oletsa malungo amagwira ntchito popha tizilombo ta malungo kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko. Komabe, ngakhale kuti iwo amachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga malungo mwachidwi, palibe mankhwala omwe amapezeka pamwambawa ndi 100% ogwira ntchito. Choncho, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zizindikiro za malungo, kotero kuti ngati mutachita mgwirizano, mukhoza kupeza mankhwala mwamsanga.
Poyambirira, zizindikiro za malungo zikufanana ndi za chimfine. Zimaphatikizapo zowawa ndi ululu, malungo, mutu ndi mseru. Kuwopsa kwakukulu ndi kulumbirira, pamene matenda a P. falciparum tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amachititsa delirium, kugona ndi kusokonezeka, zonse zomwe ziri ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a malungo. Mtundu uwu wa malungo ndi owopsa kwambiri, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga ndi chofunika kwambiri.
Mitundu ina ya malungo (kuphatikizapo yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi P. falciparum , P. vivax ndi P. ovale vimelea) ikhoza kubwerera mosalekeza kwa zaka zingapo pambuyo poyambitsa matenda. Komabe, malungo nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ngati mutalandira chithandizo mwamsanga ndi kumaliza mankhwala anu. Kuchiza kumaphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amadalira mtundu wa malungo omwe muli nawo komanso kumene mwalandira. Ngati mukupita kwinakwake kutali, ndibwino kuti mutenge mankhwala oyenera a malungo.
Nkhaniyi inasinthidwa ndi Jessica Macdonald pa February 20th 2018.