Ziwerengero zimasonyeza kuti mungakhale ozunzidwa pa malo awa
M'nkhani yam'mbuyomu, tinaganizira kuchuluka kwa umbanda zomwe zikuchitika m'mitundu yozungulira dziko lapansi. Ngakhale n'zosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito umboni wosonyeza kuti munthu akupita kumalo oopsa ndi woopsa kuposa wina, ziwerengero zingathandize alendo kuti adziwe kuti amitundu ati ali ndi zifukwa zabwino kwambiri za umphawi asanakumane.
Chaka ndi chaka, ofesi ya United Nations ya Drug and Crime (UNDOC) imasonkhanitsa ziwerengero zochokera m'mayiko omwe akugwirizana nawo kuti amvetse bwino za malamulo a mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Ngakhale kuli kofunika kuzindikira kuti detayi imakhala yochepa m'njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo nzeru zamalonda komanso anthu osawerengeka, zomwe zimapereka apaulendo akuwonekera mwachidule pazochitika zachiwawa padziko lonse lapansi.
Ziribe kanthu komwe ulendo umatenga oyendayenda, kupewa kutsegulira asanafike ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wabwino. Asanayambe kupita kukawona dziko lapansi, onetsetsani kuti mumadziwa kuti mumakhala chiopsezo chotere. Malingana ndi deta yochokera ku UNODC, mayikowa ali ndi ziwerengero zowonongeka pa chiwerengero cha anthu.
Mayiko owopsa chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi
Pokonzekera ziŵerengero zawo za pachaka, UNODC imatanthawuza zowawa ngati "kulimbana ndi thupi la munthu wina chifukwa cha kuvulala kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo kuvulaza, kuopseza ndi kukwapula." Komabe, ziwawa zomwe zimatha kudzipha sizichotsedwa ku lipoti ili.
Mayiko omwe anali ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha anthu omwe anapezeka ku South America : Ecuador anali ndi zochitika zambiri pa chiwerengero cha anthu mu 2013, pa zoposa 1,000 pa anthu 100,000. Argentina, malo ena otchuka kwambiri, anafika pachiwiri, ndipo pafupifupi 840 amazunza chaka chilichonse pa 100,000.
Ku Slovakia, Japan, ndi kuzilumba zomwe zimapezeka ku St. Kitts ndi Nevis, zinanenanso kuti pali zigawenga zambiri, mtundu uliwonse umene umapereka chiwerengero cha anthu oposa 600 pa 100,000 pa 2013.
Mayiko owopsa chifukwa chokwatira anthu pa dziko lapansi
UNODC ikuona kuti kubera monga "... kutseka munthu mosagamula munthu kapena anthu motsutsana ndi chifuniro chawo," ndi cholinga chosonkhanitsa dipo kapena kulimbikitsa munthu wotengedwa kuti achite chinachake. Komabe, kusamvana kwa ana kwachinyamata komwe kumadutsa malire a mayiko onse sikunaganizidwe pazotsatira za kubapa.
Mu 2013, Lebanoni inanena kuti nthawi zambiri amatha kubwatira, kulengeza zofunkha 30 pa 100,000. Bungwe la Belgium linanenanso kuti pali anthu ambiri omwe anagwidwa ndi kuphedwa kwawo, ndipo anagwira 10 pa 100,000. Cabo Verde, Panama, ndi India nayenso anali ndi anthu ambirimbiri omwe amalandidwa, ndipo dziko lililonse limalanda anthu oposa 5,000 kuti alandire anthu 100,000.
Ndikofunika kusonyeza kuti dziko la Canada limanenanso kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akugonjetsedwa ndi anthu a ku Canada, ndi opitilira 9 pa 100,000. Komabe, bungwe la UNODC linanena za anthu a ku Canada kuphatikizapo kulandidwa kwa miyambo komanso kutsekeredwa m'ndende, zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi chigawenga. Choncho, ngakhale Canada inanena kuti chiwerengero cha anthu akuthawa chaka chilichonse, chiwerengerochi chikuphatikizapo ziwerengero zina zomwe sizinatanthauzidwe kuti anthu akugwidwa.
Mayiko owopsa akuba ndi kuba ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi
Lipoti la UNODC limalongosola kuba ndi kuba ngati zolakwa ziwiri zosiyana. Kubedwa kumatanthauzidwa kuti "... kumanidwa munthu kapena bungwe la katundu popanda cholinga chokhala nacho," pamene kubaba kumaphatikizapo "... kuba katundu wa munthu, kuthana ndi kukakamizidwa ndi mphamvu kapena kuwopsa kwa mphamvu." Mwachizoloŵezi, "kuba" kungakhale kubwezera kapena kubetcha ngongole, pamene kunyamula kungakhale "kuba". Kubwa kwakukulu, monga magalimoto, sikuphatikizidwa mu ziwerengero izi. Chifukwa bungwe la UNODC likuona kuti ziwawa ziwirizi zikusiyana, tidzakambirana zochitika payekha padera.
Mayiko a ku Ulaya, Sweden, Netherlands ndi Denmark adalengeza kuti pali anthu ambiri omwe akuba mu 2013, ndipo dziko lirilonse likunena za uhule wokwana 3,000 pa 100,000.
Norway, England ndi Wales, Germany, ndi Finland inanenanso kuti pali anthu ambirimbiri omwe akuwombera mtunduwu, ndipo dziko lililonse likunena za ubusa woposa 2,100 pa 100,000 panthawi yomweyi.
Ponena za kuba, Belgium inalengeza chiŵerengero chokwanira cha anthu, ndipo anthu 1,616 akugwira anthu 100,000 m'chaka cha 2013. Costa Rica adanena kuti chiŵerengero chachiwiri ndi chiŵerengero cha 984 pa 100,000. Dziko la Mexico linabwera chachinayi, lipoti lophanda pafupifupi 596 pa 100,000 la anthu mu 2013.
Maiko owopsya chifukwa cha nkhanza za kugonana pa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi
UNODC imafotokoza zachiwawa zogonana monga "kugwiririra, kugonana, komanso kugonana kwa ana." Kulankhulidwa ndi bungwe la United Nations kumapitiriza kufotokozera ziwerengero kuti ziwonetsedwe za kugwiriridwa, komanso kugonana kwa ana monga deta yosiyana.
Mu 2013, chilumba chopita ku St. Vincent ndi Grenadines chinanena kuti chiwawa cha chiwerewere chochuluka kwambiri, ndi maiko oposa 209 pa 100,000. Sweden, The Maldives, ndi Costa Rica inanenanso kuti pali nkhanza zochuluka zogonana, ndipo fuko lirilonse likunena milandu 100 pa 100,000. India, yomwe inalongosola milandu yonse ya chiwawa cha kugonana , inali ndi malipoti okwana 9.3 pa 100,000 anthu - otsika kuposa Canada ndi mayiko angapo a ku Ulaya.
Pokhapokha ngati akugwiriridwa, dziko la Sweden linanena kuti anthu ambiri amakhala ndi chiwerengero cha anthu 58.9 oposa 100,000 m'chaka cha 2013. A England ndi Wales adabwera kachiwiri, ndi 36.4 milandu pa 100,000, ndipo Costa Rica ikubwera pachitatu ndi milandu 35 yogwiririra pa 100,000 mu nthawi yofanana. India, yomwe inalongosola milandu 33,000 ya kugwiriridwa mu 2013, inali ndi mavoti 2.7 pa 100,000 anthu - osachepera United States, omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha 24,9 pa 100,000.
Pamene tikuyembekeza kuti apaulendo sadzalandire nkhanza, kukonzekera musanayambe ulendo wopita kuntchito kungakhale otetezeka pamene mukuyenda. Pokumbukira ziwerengero izi, oyendayenda akhoza kutsimikiza kuti amadziwa zoopsa asanayambe ulendo wawo wopita.