Irish Monk, Saint ndi Claim kwa Discovery of America
Saint Brendan (mu Irish Bréanainn , ku Icelandic Brandanus ) wa Clonfert anakhala kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 5 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi - ndipo pakati pa anthu ambiri a ku Ireland omwe amati adatchuka ndi kutulukira kwa America.
Kapena kodi?
Iye ankadziwika ngati woyendetsa panyanja chifukwa cha nkhaniyi yonena za maulendo ake omwe anali osadziwika. Chimene chiyenera kuti chinaphatikizapo ulendo wopita ku America. Zatsimikizirika zotheka. Koma kodi choonadi chenichenicho ndi chiyani?
Tiyeni tiwone mwamsanga Brendan ndi bwato lake.
Historical Brendan
Kuyambira ndi zotsutsa - monga mwachizolowezi, mulibe zochepa zenizeni kapena zolembedwa zomwe zilipo zokhudza Brendan yakale. Miyezi yeniyeni yakubadwa kwake ndi imfa kuphatikizapo nkhani za zochitika zina mu moyo wake zitha kupezeka mu zolemba ndi mibadwo. Zonsezi ndizolemba, monga "Moyo wa Brendan" ndi "Ulendo wa Saint Brendan wa Abbot". Zonse zosangalatsa kwambiri momwe zimasonyezera mphamvu zake pa Chikhristu ku Ireland. Koma zonsezi zinapanga zaka zenizeni atatha.
Brendan anabadwa pafupifupi 484, chikhalidwe chachitika izi kapena pafupi ndi Tralee ( County Kerry ). Aphunzitsidwa kuyambira ali aang'ono ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi-akazi, akuti adalowa sukulu ya amonke a Saint Jarlath ku Tuam ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Anasankhidwa kukhala wansembe wa St. Erc pafupifupi 512, Brendan anayamba ntchito yaumishonale ndipo adadziwika ngati mmodzi wa "Atumwi khumi ndi awiri a ku Ireland".
Izi zinagwirizana ndi chiyambi cha ntchito yake monga "Navigator" (komanso "Voyager" kapena "Bold"), - Brendan akusankha ntchito yopangira boti kuzungulira madera ndi zilumba za (kapena ku Ireland). Pokhala wolimba mtima adayambanso kupita ku Scotland, Wales ndi Brittany ... adayambitsa nyumba zinyumba panjira.
Panthawi imeneyi Brendan anasonkhanitsa gulu la amonke omwe anagwirizana naye kuti apite ku "Dziko Lolonjezedwa", paradaiso wa padziko lapansi, kuti asasokonezedwe ndi "dziko lolonjezedwa" lomwe lidali lovomerezeka kwambiri mu Israeli lero.
Ulendo wa Brendan - Chikhalidwe cha Chi Irish
"Ulendo wa Saint Brendan" ndi gawo lapadera - ndi gawo la mabuku otchuka kwambiri ku Ireland, omwe ndi " immram ". Kulemba zolemba za anthu olimba mtima, mabwato ndi kufunafuna dziko labwino. Monga dziko lachinyamata wamuyaya, Tir na nOg , kawirikawiri amatchulidwa ngati chilumba chakumadzulo kwa Ireland, kutali, ngakhale kumapeto kwa dziko lapansi.
The Irish immram inali yotchuka kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 7 ndi 8, Mabaibulo oyambirira a ulendo wa Brendan ayenera kuti analembedwa panthawiyi, atasokonezeka ndi nkhani zina. Chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kuzindikira kuti ndi mbali ziti zomwe zili "choyambirira", zomwe zigawozo ndizolembedwa ndi zomwe zili (zochepa).
Synopsis yochepa kwambiri ya ulendo wa Brendan
Monga momwe nkhaniyi iliri muzinenero zambiri, apa pali mafupa opanda kanthu: Brendan akuyenda ndi gulu la otsatira (osati kwenikweni onse pa okhulupirira) kupeza "Chisumbu cha Odala" kapena "Land of Promise", mosasintha Chikhristu cha Tir na nOg ndi pafupifupi kumwamba padziko lapansi (kapena paradaiso).
Paulendo uwu ambiri amatha kuyembekezera ... kuchokera ku zochitika zachilengedwe kupita ku zinyama zachilengedwe. Ndi mayesero, mayesero nthawi zonse.
Pa gombe la Kerry (mwina), Brendan amamanga bwato lachikhalidwe cha Irish la wattle, akuliphimba ndi zikopa zam'nsalu, ndipo atangoyenera kugwira ntchito masiku makumi anayi, amayenda kumadzulo. Chifukwa cha izi? Zikuoneka kuti Saint Barrid wakhalapo, adachita zomwezo ndikuuza nkhaniyo, kotero Brendan anachitanso chidwi.
Amachoka ku chilumba kupita ku chilumba komanso kudutsa madzi ambiri. Kukumana (pakati pa ena) ziwanda za ku Ethiopia, mbalame zikuimba masalmo, amonke okalamba osakhala ndi moyo, chitsime ndi madzi omwe amachititsa kuti zikhale zamphamvu, "zolengedwa za m'nyanja" zomwe zimapha wina ndi mzake, griffon, Judas pa holide kuchokera ku gehena, wodetsedwa ndi chakudya chochuluka ndi zina zotero ... kufikira atadzafika ku "Land of Promise", apamwamba-asanu, akuyenda panyumba ndipo ndizo.
Kuponya zinthu, koma osati ndondomeko ya Nobel. Ndipo, kuyankhula kawirikawiri, chilimbikitso chopitiliza kutsogolera moyo wabwino, wachikhristu.
American Connection
Zina mwa zochitika mu ulendo wa Brendan zamasuliridwa monga kufotokozera malo enieni. Kuwonjezera pa zooneka ngati chilumba chomwe chimamira pamene amonke amatsitsa moto ... simukuwotcha moto pamphepo. Koma tenga chilumbacho kuti chikhale ndi fuko la amisiri achitsulo, ndikuponya makala amoto paulendo. Kodi izi zingakhale Iceland, yodzaza ndi mapiri?
Pamapeto pake zonse zimadalira momwe mukuwerengera ulendo wa Brendan, osati momwe zinalembedwera ...
Ndipo izo zikugwiranso ntchito kupezedwa kwa America komanso. Chomwe chimachokera ku lingaliro lakuti ngati mupita kumadzulo kuchokera ku Ireland kumbuyo komweko ndi America. Chomwe chiri chowona ... ngati muli ndi njira yeniyeni ndipo simusamukire ku Greenland, Iceland, Canary Islands, Azores kapena kwinakwake. Kumbukirani kuti munthu wotsiriza akupeza America akuganiza kuti wafika ku India.
Pambuyo poti immram ya Brendan yatsala pang'ono kufotokozera zenizeni za nkhani zazikulu, kulumikizana ndi anthu monga Ulysses ndi Sinbad, lingaliro lomwe linafika kuti pano tili ndi "umboni" kuti a Irish anali anthu oyambirira a ku Ulaya kupita ku America. Kutanthauzira kotheka kwa malemba ... koma popanda kwenikweni kwenikweni.
Umboni Wotheka - Tim Severin
Wofufuza zaku British, wolemba mbiri ndi wolemba Tim Severin (yemwe adalembanso ndondomeko yotsutsana ndi maulendo a Hector Lynch, omwe anachotsedwa ku Ireland ndi Barbary corsairs) anayesa kubwezeretsa ulendo wa Brendan pamoyo weni weni. Mu 1976 anamanga boti la Brendan ndi zida zamakono zokha, mamita khumi ndi limodzi m'litali, ogwiritsidwa pamodzi ndi zikopa za chikopa ndi kusindikizidwa popanda kanthu koma mafuta a ubweya.
Atafika panyanja mu Meyi 1976, Severin ndi gulu la anzake omwe ankayenda nawo anapita "Brendan" paulendo wa makilomita oposa 7,000 kuchokera ku Ireland kupita ku Newfoundland, ataimirira ku Iceland. Pa ulendo wachisangalalo wa Brendan, Severin anayesa kuzindikira chowonadi cha moyo chifukwa cha zinthu "zachilendo" mu immram . Osati onse, koma nambala yolondola.
Izi, pamodzi ndi mfundo yosatsutsika yakuti Severin anatha kuyendetsa "Brendan" ku North America, imatsogolera ku "American Connection" ... ngakhale kuti siyiyenera kuwonedwa ngati umboni. Bwato lenileni lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito paulendowu limasungidwa ku Museum of Craggaunowen. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, werengani Severin's book, The Brendan Voyage .
Ndipo Brendan ... Kodi Iye Anapita Kuti?
Anapitiriza kuyenda, adayambitsa nyumba za amonke ndipo pomalizira pake anamwalira mu 577, tsiku lake la phwando likukondwerera pa 16 May. Kawirikawiri amaganiza kuti ankakhala ku Clonfert Cathedral.