Kukumbukira D-Day ku France - June 1944
Oyendayenda amene amakonda mbiri angakhalenso ndi malo amodzi a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ku Normandy, France. Asilikali ogwirizana anadutsa English Channel ndipo anafika ku Normandy pa June 6, 1944. Mtsinje umadutsa pansi pa Seine kuchokera ku Paris kapena panyanja yolowera ku Le Havre kapena Honfleur ndi wokonzeka kuyendera madera a ku Normandy ku France. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kayendetsedwe kake kamtunda kamtsinje kapena nyanja ya nyanja.
Ulendo wopita kumadzulo a D-Day, mumadutsa Normandy Bridge, imodzi mwa milatho yotalika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Amadutsa Mtsinje wa Seine pafupi ndi kumene akulowera ku English Channel. Mtsinje uwu ndi womwewu umene umadutsa kupyola Paris koma ndi waukulu kwambiri pamene Paris ili patatha maola atatu kumtunda.
Chimodzi mwa zoyimirira zoyambirira chili pa Pegasus Bridge, malo oyambirira kumasulidwa ndi Allies pa June 6, 1944. Mlathowu uli ku Benouville pafupi ndi Ouistreham. Zinatenga Allies maminiti khumi okha kuti atenge Pegasus Bridge, ndipo amagwiritsira ntchito gliders. Kuwombera kunayamba pakati pausiku pa June 6.
Allies ankafunikira masabata asanu ndi limodzi kuti akafike ku Caen pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Orne. Bwalo la Pegasus linamangidwanso zaka zingapo zapitazo chifukwa zinali zovuta kwambiri kwa magalimoto a lero. Mlatho watsopanowo ndi choyimira choyambirira, chokhacho chachikulu. Choyambiriracho chinasunthidwa kuchoka ku kanjira kakang'ono ka Caen ndipo imadutsa pamtunda pafupi ndi Pegasus Bridge museum.
Pa ola limodzi la maola awiri kupita ku mlatho wochokera ku Le Havre, maulendo amapereka zambiri zokhudza D-Day komanso zomwe zidachitika ku French ndi Nkhondo. Amaperekanso zokoma za ku Normandy. Anthu amene awona kanema wa D-Day The Longest Day adzazindikira kuti kanemayi ndi yolondola pazomwe zikuchitika pa June 6.
Ndibwino kuti muwone kanema musanapite ku Normandy.
Normandy, monga mbali zambiri za France, ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha zakudya zake. Zakudya zake ziwiri zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri. Choyamba, Normandy ndi yofiira kuposa onse a France, ndipo mphesa sizikula bwino. Komabe, maapulo amachita, ndipo Achifalansa amapanga cider ndi apulo yotchedwa apulo yotchedwa Calvados ku Normandy. Cider ndi mowa pafupifupi 3 peresenti ya mowa ndipo ali ngati mowa wokoma. Ma Calvados ndi amphamvu kwambiri ndipo amati ndi "Norman hole" m'mimba mwako. Ndizozoloŵera kumwa Calvados pamasiku a chikondwerero cha masiku awiri ku ukwati wa Norman omwe amakhala ndi pafupifupi osayima kudya. Malinga ndi nthano, Calvados amafunika kubisa dzenje m'mimba mwanu kuti muthe kudya zambiri!
Chakudya chimodzi cha Normandy chimene anthu amakonda kapena kudana nacho ndi Caen. Chakudyachi chimapangidwa ndi anyezi ndi kaloti pansi pa casserole, kenako kuwonjezera phazi limodzi ndi nyama yake, pamwamba pake imayika ng'ombe (matumbo), adyo, leeks, ndi zitsamba. Mtsuko uwu uli ndi apulo cider ndipo - kuyambira Caen ndi mzinda ku Normandy - watsirizidwa ndi kuwombera kwa Calvados. Casserole imasindikizidwa ndi phala la ufa ndi madzi ndikuphika maola 10 mpaka 12.
Potsirizira pake, amatumizidwa ozizira mu terrine yake.
Mawu akuti D-Day ndi tsiku loyamba la ntchito iliyonse yamagulu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okonza usilikali pofuna kukonzekera. Mtsinje wa Normandy uli pa mtunda wa makilomita 110 kuchoka ku England, poyerekeza ndi 19 pa malo oyandikira kwambiri pafupi ndi Calais. Ajeremani anali ndi maiko onse omwe anali pafupi ndi English Channel mosamala kwambiri, kotero Allies anasankha kukhala ndi mbali yaikulu ya kuukiridwa pansi pa nyanja ya Normandy. Maulendo amayenda pagombe pamsewu wopita ku Arromanches.
Mabombe onse amawoneka mwamtendere, zimakhala zovuta kulingalira momwe ziyenera kukhalira kwa asilikari ndi anthu okhala m'deralo panthawi yovuta.
Eisenhower ankafuna mafunde otsika, mwezi wathunthu, ndi nyengo yabwino yoyendetsa. Chifukwa chake, zofunikirazo zimangopereka mpikisano kwa masiku atatu okha pamwezi. A Allies achoka ku England pa June 5, koma anayenera kubwerera chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa. June 6 sizinali bwino, koma Eisenhower adapereka patsogolo. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, General Rommel wa ku Germany anatenga 6 Juni 6 ndipo anapita ku Germany kukamuwona mkazi wake chifukwa unali tsiku lake lobadwa. Iye sanaganize kuti Allies akufuna kuyesa France mu nyengo yoipa kwambiri!
Pambuyo poyendetsa mabombe atatu (Sword, Gold, ndi Juno) adagonjetsedwa ndi magulu awiri a British omwe ali ndi asilikali 30,000 ndi gulu la Canada, mukufulumira kudutsa midzi ina yokongola ya Normandy yomwe ili ndi misewu yochepa ndi maluwa asanafike ku Arromanches, malo chodabwitsa cha injini - doko lopangidwira.
Pambuyo pa galimoto yochititsa chidwi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Normandy, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyo ingakhale yoyamba. Zili zosangalatsa kumva ndi kuwerenga zokhudzana ndi doko lopangidwira lomwe linamangidwa ku Arromanches masiku oyambirira pambuyo pa kuukiridwa. Ngakhale ambiri omwe sakhala mbiri yakale sanamvepo za sayansi iyi, ndikusangalatsa, makamaka popeza idamangidwa mu 1944.
Winston Churchill anali ndi chithunzithunzi chozindikira kufunika kokhala ndi doko lopangira ku Normandy. Anadziŵa kuti zikwi zikwi zomwe zimayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja za France zimangotenga zokwanira (chakudya, zipolopolo, mafuta, etc.) kwa masiku angapo. Popeza kuti Allies sanali kukonzekera kumenyana ndi madoko akuluakulu omwe analipo m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya kumpoto kwa France, asilikaliwo adzazunzika popanda kuthandizidwa. Chifukwa chake, injiniya anatenga lingaliro la Churchill ndipo anamanga konkrete yayikulu yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga doko zofunika pa doko. Chifukwa chachinsinsi chofunika, antchito ku England anamanga zida zazikulu popanda kudziwa ngakhale zomwe iwo anali!
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala pamtunda wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Arromanches, ndipo poyang'anitsitsa mawindo omwe akuyenda kudutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya museum, mungathe kuona zotsalira za chigawo chodzipangira. Zambiri za konkire zazikuluzikulu zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwinakwake nkhondoyi itatha, koma zatsala zokwanira kuti zidziwe momwe sitimayo inawonekera. Nyumba yosungiramo zojambulajambula imakhalanso ndi filimu yochepa komanso mitundu yambiri yojambula.
Zinangokhala zowonongeka zokha zowonjezera kuti pakhale malo ojambulapo ndi sitima. M'masiku oyambirira pambuyo pa kuukiridwa, Allies anagwetsa ngalawa zingapo zakale kuti apange madzi.
Kenaka matabwa omwe anamangidwa ku England anadutsa ku England Channel kupita ku Arromanches kumene anasonkhana ku doko lopangira. Chiwongolerochi chinali kugwira ntchito pangopita chiwonongeko.
Mabomba a Arromanche sanali kokha doko lopangidwa ndi Allies. Zigawuni ziwiri zinamangidwa poyamba ndipo zimatchedwa Mulberry A ndi Mulberry B. Gombe la Arromanches linali Mulberry B, pomwe mulberry A anali pafupi ndi Omaha Beach kumene asilikali a ku America anafika. Mwatsoka, patangopita masiku ochepa kuchokera pamene maofesiwa anamangidwa, mkuntho waukulu unagwa. Gombe la Mulberry A linawonongedwa, ndipo Mulberry B adawonongeka kwambiri. Pambuyo pa mkuntho, Allies onse adagwiritsa ntchito doko ku Arromanches. Magombewa amatchedwa "Mabulosi" chifukwa chomera mabulosi chimakula mofulumira!
Mutayenda mozungulira tawuni yaing'ono ndikudya masana, mumakwera basi kuti mupite kumapiri a ku America ndi kumanda.
The American Cemetery ndi nyanja za Normandy zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi mabungwe a America zonse zimayenda komanso zolimbikitsa. Mabombe omwe Eisenhower anasankha kuti a America apite anali osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe angatengedwe ndi a Chingerezi ndi Canada. Mmalo mwa malo osasuntha, nyanja zazikulu za Omaha ndi Utah zinatha m'mapiri otsetsereka, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu ambiri a ku America aphedwe. Ambiri a ife tawona mafundewa m'mafilimu ndi mafilimu, koma sitingaganize kuti mantha adamva bwanji pamene adawawona nthawi yoyamba kuchokera kunyanja.
Anthu oposa 2,000 a ku America anafera pa Omaha Beach okhaokha.
The American Cemetery ku Colleville Saint Laurent ndi yodabwitsa pamene mukuyenda mwamantha pakati pa mitanda yachikhristu ndi Jewish Stars of David markers. Kuwona manda ambiri a anyamata, ambiri omwe analembedwa mu chilimwe cha 1944, akusunthira onse omwe ali kumeneko. Manda akudutsa mbali ya Omaha Beach ndipo ndi okwera pamwamba pa phirili ndi maonekedwe abwino a English Channel. Manda opanda malire akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boma la US.
Chikumbutso pamanda a manda chili ndi chifaniziro cholemekeza akufa ndi zithunzi ndi mapu a nkhondo. Palinso munda wokongola komanso mapepala a Missing - mndandanda wa asilikali onse omwe sakuchitapo kanthu mofanana ndi Chikumbutso cha Vietnam ku Washington, DC. Manda awiri a abale a Niland, banja lomwe nkhani yawo imakumbukiridwa mu kanema "Kusungidwa kwa Private Ryan" kumapezeka mosavuta. Mwana wa Pulezidenti Theodore Roosevelt nayenso anaikidwa m'manda ku Colleville Saint Laurent, ngakhale kuti sanafe panthawi ya nkhondo ya ku Normandy.
Atatha pafupifupi ora limodzi kumanda, alendo akukwera basi ndikuyenda mtunda wautali kupita kumalo otsiriza, Pointe du Hoc. Mphepete mwa nyanjayi yomwe ili moyang'anizana ndi nyanja ili ndi zotsalira zambiri za Nkhondo, ndipo Pointe du Hoc ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri a ku America. Zomwe zakhala zikuuza Allies mfundo iyi inali betri yofunikira ndi mfuti zambiri ndi zida zosungidwa.
A Allies anatumiza asilikali a Rangers 225 kukweza mapiri ndi kutenga Pointe. 90 okha ndiwo anapulumuka. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, zina mwazomwe zimapangidwira zamtunduwu zinali zolakwika. Mfuti za ku Germany sizinali ku Pointe, zidasamukira ku dziko la pansi ndipo zinali zowonongeka kuti ziwononge magulu a asilikali a ku America akuyenda pamtunda wa Omaha ndi Utah. The Rangers amene anafika pa Pointe mwamsanga anasamukira m'mayiko ndipo anatha kuwononga mfuti pamaso Germans angawagwire ntchito. Ngati anthu a ku America sanafike pa Pointe, zikanakhala bwino patsiku (ngati ayi) kuti asilikali asanalowe ku Germany, panthawi yomwe asilikali a ku America, zombo, zomwe zingayambitse kupambana kwa landings kudutsa gawo lonse la America, choncho kupambana kwa ntchito yonse.
Pointe du Hoc ikuwoneka ngati momwe ziyenera kukhalira muzaka zotsatira nkhondoyo itatha. Mabekers ambiri amakhala, ndipo mumatha kuona mabowo omwe zipolopolo zimaphulika. Nthaka ndi yopanda pake, ndipo alendo akuuzidwa kuti azikhala pamsewu kuti asapezeke minofu yamphongo kapena yowonjezera. Ana anali kusewera mu bunkers akale, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo anali ogwirizana ndi mndandanda wapansi wamtunda.
Ulendowu umangokhala ku Pointe du Hoc kwa kanthaŵi kochepa, koma ndiyo nthawi yokwanira kuti mudziwe za nkhondo yowopsya kumeneko.
Gawo lokhalo loipa kwambiri la tsiku limabwera pamapeto. Maola ola limodzi ndi awiri osakwera kuyendetsa ngalawa amawoneka motalika kuposa ulendo wopita. Ambiri amatha kuyenda bwino pamtunda wobwerera ku ngalawayo, mwina chifukwa chakuti sangathe kumasuka mu mipando yochepa kapena chifukwa cha tsiku losakumbukika limene adakumana nawo ku Normandy Beaches.