Ulendo wokaona malo, womwe nthawi zina umatchedwa "ghetto zokopa alendo," umaphatikizapo zokopa alendo kumadera osauka, makamaka ku India, Brazil, Kenya ndi Indonesia. Cholinga cha ulendo wokaona alendo ndi kupereka alendo kuti awone malo omwe si "alendo" a dziko kapena mzinda.
Mbiri ya Utalii wa Slum
Ngakhale kuti zokopa alendo zakhala zikudziwika padziko lonse lapansi, sizinthu zatsopano.
Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1800, anthu a ku London omwe anali olemera amayenda kupita kumalo osungirako katundu ku East End. Ulendo woyambirira unayamba pansi pa "chikondi," koma kwa zaka makumi angapo zotsatira, chizoloŵezichi chimafalikira ku mizinda ya US monga New York ndi Chicago. Chifukwa chofuna, oyendetsa maulendo amayambitsa njira zokayendera malo osaukawa.
Kukaona malo oyendayenda, kapena kuona momwe theka lina linakhalira, anafa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, koma adatchuka kwambiri ku South Africa chifukwa cha chiwawa. Komabe, zokopa alendozi zinkayendetsedwa ndi anthu akuda akuda a ku South Africa omwe ankafuna kuti dziko lizindikire vuto lawo. Kupambana kwa kanema "Slumdog Millionaire" kunabweretsa umphawi wa India kuti dziko lapansi lidziwe ndipo zokopa zazitali zapita ku mizinda ngati Dharavi, ku nyumba yaikulu ku India.
Otsatira amakono akufuna zochitika zenizeni, osati malo oyeretsa oyera omwe anali otchuka kwambiri m'ma 1980. Ulendo wokopa alendo umakumana ndi chikhumbochi - kuyang'ana dziko lapansi kuposa momwe iwo amachitira.
Chitetezo Chokhudzana ndi Ulendo wa Slum
Monga momwe zilili m'madera onse a zokopa alendo, kuyendayenda kosasamala kungakhale kotetezeka - kapena ayi. Posankha ulendo wopita, alendo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwakhama kuti adziwe ngati ulendo uli ndi chilolezo.
Mwachitsanzo, Reality Tours ndi Travel, zomwe zinalembedwa pa PBS, zimatenga anthu 18,000 paulendo wa Dharavi, India chaka chilichonse.
Maulendowa amasonyeza zokhudzana ndi malowa, monga chithandizo cha zipatala, mabanki ndi zosangalatsa, ndi zoperewera zake, monga kusowa kwa malo ndi malo osambira ndi mulu wa zinyalala. Ulendowu ukuwonetsa alendo omwe si onse omwe amakhala ndi nyumba yapamwamba, koma sizikutanthauza kuti alibe moyo wokhutira. Komanso, 80 peresenti yazochokera ku maulendowa amaponyedwa mmbuyo kuzinthu zowonjezera.
Tsoka ilo, makampani ena, akukhala ndi maina ofanana ndi ma logos, amapereka "maulendo" omwe samasonyeza zowonjezera ndi zolakwika koma amagwiritsa ntchito mderalo. Iwo sapopera ndalama kubwerera kumudzi, mwina.
Chifukwa chakuti palibe oyenera kuyendetsa anthu oyendetsa sitima, alendo amafunika kudzipangira okha ngati kampani inayake ikuyenda monga mwachindunji komanso movomerezeka monga akunenera.
Ulendo wa Slum ku Brazil
Malo okongola a Brazil, omwe amakhala kunja kwa midzi ikuluikulu monga São Paulo, amakoka alendo 50,000 chaka chilichonse. Mzinda wa Rio de Janeiro uli ndi maulendo aakulu kwambiri mumzinda uliwonse ku Brazil. Ulendo wokopa alendo ku Brazil ukulimbikitsidwa ndi boma la federal. Maulendo amapereka mwayi womvetsetsa kuti mapiriwa ndi anthu omwe sangakhale nawo, osati malo osokoneza bongo omwe amawonetsedwa m'mafilimu.
Maphunziro otsogolera omwe amaphunzitsidwa amayendetsa okaona malowa ndiyeno amapereka maulendo oyendayenda kuti awonetse zosangalatsa zamalonda, malo omwe anthu amakhala, komanso ngakhale anthu omwe akukhala kumeneko. Kawirikawiri, kujambula sikuletsedwa paulendo wopita kumalo osungirako ulemu kulemekeza anthu omwe amakhala kumeneko.
Zolinga za boma zoyendera ma favelas ndi awa:
- kufotokoza za chuma cha favela (ntchito, chitukuko, msika wogulitsa ndi zina zambiri),
- Kuwonetsa zofunikira za favela (zipatala, kugula, mabanki, mafashoni ndi zosangalatsa),
- kuyendera sukulu ndi malo ammudzi,
- kuyendera zomangamanga,
- Kuyanjana ndi nzika komanso kuyendera kunyumba zawo,
- ndi kusangalala ndi chakudya pa malo odyera.
Kuda nkhawa ndi Ulendo wa Slum
Ngakhale kuti Brazil yakhazikitsa dongosolo la zokopa alendo, zosokonezeka zimakhalabe. Ngakhale kuti malamulo ndi malangizo, alendo ena amatenga zithunzi ndi kuzigawana nawo pazofalitsa.
Kaya ndi ofunika kwambiri kapena poyesera kuunikira dziko ku mavuto a anthu m'misumba, zithunzizi zingathe kuvulaza kwambiri kuposa zabwino. Oyendetsa ena oyendayenda, mofananamo, amagwiritsa ntchito opititsa patsogolo alendo, akunena kuti maulendo awo akuthandizira malonda am'deralo popanda kubwezeretsa kumudzi. Mwina chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu ndi chakuti, pamene malo oyendayenda akuyenda molakwika, moyo weniweni umakhudzidwa.
Ulendo woyendayenda wa sitimayi umadalira malangizo a boma, oyendetsa maulendo abwino, ndi alendo olingalira. Izi zikabwera palimodzi, alendo angakhale ndi zochitika zoyendetsa bwino, kupeza phindu lonse ladziko ndi madera angapindule.