Dziko la Spain la ku Catalonia lakhala ndi nkhani zamakono kwambiri, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chosalephereka cha ndale chomwe chinachititsa anthu ena okhalamo kuti azidziimira okha. Taonani zochitika za Chisokonezo cha Catalan mpaka lero, ndi zomwe zotsatira zake zingatanthauze zokopa alendo ku Catalonia, ndi ku Spain lonse.
Kumvetsetsa Mbiri ya Catalonia
Pofuna kumvetsetsa zochitika zomwe zikuchitika ku Catalonia, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mbiri yakale.
Mzinda wa kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa Spain, Catalonia ndi umodzi mwa mayiko 17 odzilamulira. Ndi nyumba ya anthu pafupifupi 7.5 miliyoni, ambiri mwa iwo omwe ali odzaza ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Dzina lachi Catalan limaimiridwa ndi chinenero chosiyana, nyimbo ndi mbendera; ndipo mpaka posachedwapa, derali linakhala ndi nyumba yamalamulo komanso apolisi.
Komabe, boma lalikulu ku Madrid limayang'anira bajeti ya Catalonia ndi misonkho-yomwe imayambitsa mikangano kwa anthu omwe amadzipatula ku Catalan omwe sakufuna kuthandiza m'madera osauka a dzikoli. Mavuto omwe akukumana nawo makamaka adachokera mu zochitika za 2010, pamene Khoti Loona za Malamulo a ku Spain linagonjetsa nkhani zingapo zomwe zidapitsidwanso ndi nyumba yamalamulo ku Catalan mu 2006 kuti lamuloli likhale lokhazikika. Pakati pa kusintha kumeneku kunali chisankho chokhala ndi chilankhulo cha Chi Catalan pa Chisipanishi ku Catalonia.
Madera ambiri a Chi Catalan anawona chisankho cha Khoti Lalikulu la Constitutional kuti chiopseza ulamuliro wa dera.
Anthu oposa mamiliyoni ambiri adapita kumsewu pochita zionetsero, ndipo maphwando apadera omwe ali pakati pa mpikisano wamakono adakula kwambiri.
Mavuto a Masiku Ano
Mavuto omwe alipo tsopano adayamba pa 1 Oktoba, 2017, pamene nyumba yamalamulo ya Catalan inachititsa kuti bungwe la referendamu lidziwe ngati anthu a ku Catalan akufuna ufulu.
Zotsatira zinawonetsera zotsatira zotsatila 90% kuti zivomereze pulezidenti wodziimira; koma zenizeni, ndi 43 peresenti ya anthu omwe adakhalapo pa chisankho kuti asankhe-kusiya izo mosadziwika zomwe ambiri a ku Catalonia amafuna. Mulimonsemo, referendum inavomerezedwa mosavomerezeka ndi Khoti la Constitutional.
Komabe, pa Oktoba 27, nyumba yamalamulo ya Catalan inavomereza kukhazikitsa boma lodziimira ndi mavoti makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri (10 votes) kufika khumi pa chisankho chobisika. Madrid idatchula voti ngati kuyesa kukopeka , ndipo inachititsa kuti ndime 155 ya malamulo a dziko la Spain ipangidwe. Nkhaniyi, yomwe siinaitanidwensopo, inapatsa Pulezidenti Mariano Rajoy mphamvu yonyenga malamulo a Catalonia. Anathetsa pulezidenti wa Catalan mwamsanga, ndipo adathamangitsa atsogoleri a ndale a m'derali pamodzi ndi mtsogoleri wa apolisi.
Pulezidenti wa ku Catalan, Carles Puigdemont, poyamba adalimbikitsa kutsutsana ndi zochitika za ku Madrid, kenako anathawira ku Belgium kuti athaŵe milandu ya kupandukira ndi kupanduka. Pakalipano, Rajoy adalengeza chisankho cha m'deralo pa December 21, chomwe chidzawona kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumba yamalamulo ya Catalan ndikubwezeretsa ulamuliro wa derali. Pa October 31, Puigdemont adalengeza kuti adzalemekeza zotsatira za chisankho cha December, komanso kuti adzabwerera ku Spain ngati mlandu woweruzawo udzawatsimikiziridwa.
Zotsatira za Vutoli Kupita Patsogolo
Kuvomerezeka kwa chisankho cha Puigdemont cha chisankho chatsopano chimapangitsa chisankho cha pulezidenti wakale kukhazikitsa chosayenera cha boma. Pakalipano, maubwenzi pakati pa Catalonia ndi Spain onse sakhala otsimikizika. Ngakhale kuti apolisi amachitira nkhanza patsogolo pa chiwonetsero cha October 1, zikuoneka kuti sizingatheke panthawiyi kuti zinthu zidzatsikira ku nkhondo. Komabe, kusagwirizana pakati pa Madrid ndi Catalonia (ndipo pakati pa anthu omwe ali paokha ndi omwe akugwirizana nawo m'deralo palokha) ndizopitirirabe kwa nthawi ndithu.
Ngati phwando losankhidwa mu December ndilolokhalokha, ufulu wadzikoli wa chi Catalan mosakayikira udzaukitsidwa mu miyezi ndi zaka zikubwerazi.
Pakalipano, zotsatira zazikulu za vutoli zikhoza kukhala zachuma.
Panopa, makampani oposa 1,500 asamukira ku likulu lawo ku Catalonia, kuphatikizapo mabanki akuluakulu a dera lonselo. Kulemba kwa hotela komanso alendo othawa alendo akugweranso, kuwonetsa kuti gawo la zokopa alendo lidzakumane ndi ndalama chifukwa cha chisokonezo cha Catalonia. Chuma chonse cha Spain chikhoza kuthandizidwa, monga momwe GDP ya Catalan imaimira pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya chiwerengero cha dzikoli.
Kaya ndizopambana kapena ayi, kufuna kwa boma kwa Catalonia kungayambitse mantha m'madera ambiri a ku Ulaya. Pakalipano, European Union, United Kingdom ndi United States onse adalimbikitsa mgwirizano wawo wogwirizana ku Spain. Dziko la Catalonia lidzatha kuchoka ku EU ndi Euro, kuphatikiza ndi Brexit kuti ikhale chitsanzo cha kayendetsedwe ka anthu ena ku Ulaya ndi kuopseza bata la EU.
Zotsatira Zotheka kwa Alendo ku Catalonia
Zambiri mwa malo omwe dziko la Spain likuyendera likupezeka ku Catalonia, kuphatikizapo mzinda wa Barcelona (wotchuka chifukwa cha zomangamanga za Catalan Modernist) ndi gombe la Costa Brava losasunthika. Mu 2016, derali linakopa alendo 17 miliyoni.
Panthawiyi, a Embassy a ku US ku Spain sanatulutse maulendo onse oyendayenda kapena maulendo oyendayenda ku Spain, ngakhale maboma onse a US ndi a UK akulangiza alendo kuti azikhala osamala ku Catalonia chifukwa cha zionetsero. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chiopsezo chenichenso chachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa Puigdemont kuyesa kugwirizanitsa. Komabe, mwayi wochitira zachiwawa pakati pa magulu oopsa kwambiri kumbali zonse za mkangano sizingatheke.
Ngakhale zionetsero zamtendere zimatha kusintha zachiwawa mwadzidzidzi. Komabe, ndizotheka kwambiri kuti ziwonetsero zikhoza kusokoneza kayendetsedwe kanu tsiku ndi tsiku osati kuika pangozi. Panthawiyi, kusatsimikizika, kusokonezeka ndi zovuta zowopsya ndizovuta kwambiri kuchithunzi cha Chi Catalan pakati pa nyengo yandale.
Ndikunenedwa kuti, Catalonia imakhalabe malo opambana kwambiri mumkhalidwe ndi mbiri. Ku Barcelona, zoyendetsa zamagalimoto zimapitiriza kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi ndipo mahotela ndi malo odyera amakhala otseguka kwa bizinesi. Oyendera alendo angapindule ndi magulu ochepa komanso otsika mtengo ngati malonda akuyesetsa kulimbikitsa alendo kuti azisunga zolemba zawo, m'malo mochezera mapulani awo a tchuthi kwina kulikonse.
Nanga Bwanji Kupuma kwa Spain?
Zinyama zina zimachenjeza kuti ngati mgwirizano ndi Catalonia ukupitirira, kupolisi kwa apolisi apakati ku mavuto kumpoto chakum'maŵa kungachoke m'dziko lonse lapansi powonekera poyera pamene mayiko onse a ku Ulaya akukumana ndi chiopsezo choopsa chauchigawenga. Izi sizowopsya-mu August 2017, anthu 16 anaphedwa atatsutsidwa ndi boma la Islam ku Barcelona ndi Cambrils.
Mofananamo, ena akudandaula kuti kayendetsedwe ka ufulu wa Catalonia kungayambitse kuwonjezereka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'mayiko ena ku Spain, kuphatikizapo Andalusia , zilumba za Balearic ndi dziko la Basque . Pambuyo pake, gulu la separatist la ETA linapha anthu oposa 820 pomenyera ufulu wawo, ndipo anangowonongeka mu April 2017. Komabe, palibe umboni wakuti ETA kapena gulu lina lililonse lachiwawa lidzasonkhana chifukwa cha zochitika ku Catalonia.
Pakalipano, moyo ku Spain wonse ukupitirira ngati zachilendo ndipo alendo sangathe kukhudza. Ngakhale izi zingasinthe ngati Chisokonezo cha Catalan chikufooka m'miyezi ikubwera, palibe chifukwa chotsitsira tchuthi lanu la Spain.