Khoma la Hadrian nthawi ina linalemba malire a kumpoto kwa Ufumu wa Roma. Anayenda mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 80, kudutsa khosi laling'ono la Britannia m'chigawo cha Roma, kuchokera kumpoto kwa North Sea mpaka kum'mawa kwa Solway Firth. Anadutsa malo ena okongola kwambiri, ku England.
Lero, pafupi zaka 2,000 itamangidwa, ndi malo otchuka a UNESCO World Heritage ndi otchuka kwambiri okopa alendo ku Northern England.
Mtengo wodabwitsa umakhalabe - m'maboma ndi m'midzi, mu "nyumba za maeyala" ndi nyumba za kusamba, zinyumba, zinyumba komanso nthawi yayitali, osasokonezeka. Alendo amatha kuyenda njira, kuzungulira kapena kuyendetsa kumalo ake ambiri, kuyendera malo osungirako zosangalatsa ndi zofukula mabwinja, kapena ngakhale kutenga basi yodzipereka - njira # AD122 - pambali pake. Mbiri yakale ya Aroma ikhoza kuzindikira kuti chiwerengero cha mabasi ndi chaka cha Hadith Wall.
Khoma la Hadrian: Mbiri Yakale
A Roma anali atagonjetsa Britain kuyambira AD AD 43 ndipo adakankhira ku Scotland, akugonjetsa mafuko a Scottish, AD AD. Koma ma Scots anakhalabe ovuta ndipo AD 117, pamene Emperor Hadrian adayamba kulamulira, adalamula kumanga khoma ndi kuteteza malire a kumpoto kumpoto. Anadza kudzayendera mu AD 122 ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi tsiku limene linayambira pachiyambi koma, mwinamwake, linayamba kale.
Pambuyo pa misewu yambiri ya Aroma kudera lonselo, Stanegate, ndi mipando yake yambiri ndi mipando yambiri yomwe idalipo kale lisanadze linga. Komabe, Hadrian kawirikawiri amatenga ngongole yonse. Ndipo zina mwazinthu zomwe adalenga ndizomwe adayambitsa zitseko zazitsulo pa khoma kotero kuti msonkho ndi malipiro zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa anthu akudutsa malire pa masiku amsika.
Zinatenga asilikali atatu a Roma - kapena amuna 15,000 - zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuti akwaniritse zochititsa chidwi zamakono, kudera lamapiri, m'mapiri, mitsinje ndi mitsinje, ndi kukulitsa nyanja.
Koma Aroma adali atayesedwa kale ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Panthawi imene anamanga khoma, Ufumuwo unali utachepa kale. Ayesera kukankhira chakumpoto kupita ku Scotland ndipo adasiya pang'ono pakhoma pamene adamanga mtunda wina mtunda wa makilomita 100 kumpoto. Khoma la Antonine ku Scotland silinapite patali kuposa kumangidwa kwa mtunda wa makilomita 37 dziko lapansi lisanatengedwe ku Hadrian's Wall.
Patatha zaka 300, mu 410 AD, Aroma anali atapita ndipo khoma linali litasiyidwa. Kwa kanthawi, olamulira a m'deralo ankasunga malo amtundu ndi makonzedwe amisonkho kumalo ena, koma pasanapite nthawi, sizinangokhala kasupe wokonza zipangizo zokonza. Mukadzachezera m'matawuni kudera la England, mudzawona zizindikiro za magalasi achiroma ovala zovala zapakati pa mipingo ya zakale komanso nyumba za anthu, nyumba, ngakhale nkhokwe zamwala ndi miyala. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mudothi wa Hadrian adakalipo kuti muwone.
Kumeneko ndi Mmene Mungachiwonekere
Alendo a Wall of Hadrian angasankhe kuyenda pamtunda wokha, kukayendera malo osangalatsa ndi museums pafupi ndi khoma kapena kuphatikiza zinthu ziwirizi.
Chimene mumasankha chidzadalira, mwinamwake mutakhala ndi chidwi ndi zofuna zakunja.
Kuyenda Khoma: Malo okongola kwambiri a Aroma ali pakatikati pa dzikoli pamodzi ndi Hadith's Wall Path, National Trail Long Trail. Kutalika kwakukulu kwambiri kuli pakati pa Birdoswald Roman Fort ndi Sycamore Gap. Pali malo okongola kwambiri a pafupi ndi Cawfields ndi Steel Rigg ku National Park. Zambiri mwa izi ndi malo osokoneza bongo, omwe amachitira nkhanza. nyengo yosasintha ndi mapiri otsika kwambiri m'malo. Mwamwayi, njirayi ingagawidwe mufupi ndi yozungulira - pakati pa kuima pa njira ya basi ya AD122, mwinamwake. Basi imayambira kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October (kuyamba ndi kutha kwa nyengo zikuwoneka ngati kusintha chaka chilichonse, choncho yang'anani pa nthawi yake pa intaneti).
Imaima nthawi zonse koma imayima kukatenga anthu oyendayenda paliponse pamene ziri zotetezeka.
Gulu la zokopa alendo Hadrian's Wall Country, limasindikiza kabuku kothandiza kwambiri, kamene kakatchulidwa kokhudza kuyenda kwa Hadrian's Wall yomwe imaphatikizapo mapu ochuluka, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi zokhudzana ndi mabasi, ma hostele ndi malo ogona, magalimoto, malo otchuka, malo odyera ndi zakumwa ndi zipinda zopuma. Ngati mukukonzekera ulendo woyenda kudera lino, ndithudi muzitsatira kabukuka kameneka, kopanda, tsamba 44.
Kuthamanga Pagulu: Hadrian's Cycleway, ndi mbali ya National Cycle Network, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa ngati NCR 72 pa zizindikiro. Si njira yopita njinga yamapiri moti sichikutsatira khoma pamtunda wokongola, koma amagwiritsa ntchito misewu yowonongeka ndi misewu yaying'ono yopanda magalimoto pafupi. Ngati mukufuna kuwona khoma, muyenera kupeza njinga yanu ndikuyendayenda.
Zizindikiro: Kuyenda khoma ndibwino kwa okondeka omwe ali kunja koma ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi Aroma kumpoto kwa ufumu wawo, mwinamwake mudzapeza malo ambiri ofukula mabwinja ndi zizindikiro pambali pa khoma ngakhale zokhutiritsa. Ambiri amakhala ndi magalimoto ndipo amatha kufika ndi galimoto kapena basi. Ambiri amasungidwa ndi National Trust kapena English Heritage (nthawi zonse palimodzi) ndipo ena ali ndi milandu yovomerezeka. Izi ndi zabwino kwambiri:
- Birdoswald Roman Fort ndi malo aatali kwambiri otsalira khoma. Khoma lachitetezo lakunja la nsanja yokha ndilo labwino kwambiri pambali pa khoma ndipo limalowetsa malo onse okhalapo, kuphatikizapo granari ndi malo asanu ndi limodzi oyambirira. Malowa atulutsa umboni wabwino koposa wofukula zakale za zomwe zinachitika ku Wall of Hadith pamene Aroma adachoka ku Britain. Zochitika zatsopano za alendo, ndi zomangamanga zokwana £ 1.3 miliyoni, zotsegulidwa kwa anthu mu 2018. Zimaphatikizapo chiwonetsero chatsopano chomwe chimalola alendo kuti alowe m'dziko la Msilikali wa Roma, cafe, sitolo ndi chipinda cha banja zochitika za banja.
- Tsegulani kuyambira March 30 mpaka September 30, 10 koloko mpaka 6 koloko masana ndi kuyambira October 1 mpaka November 4 mpaka 5 koloko masana. Kuyambira November 5 mpaka March 29, Birdoswald ndikutsegulira kumapeto kwa sabata. Kuloledwa kwa akuluakulu popanda Gift Aid ndi £ 6.50; matikiti a ana ndi amtundu komanso mabanja akupezeka. Malowa akuphatikizidwa pa English Heritage Osewera Ochezera Pambali .
- Chesters Roman Fort ndi Museum, pafupifupi makilomita 30 kuchokera kumapeto kwa khoma lakumadzulo, ndi asilikali okwera pamahatchi abwino kwambiri a Roma ndi nyumba yosambira ku Britain. Nyumba yosambira, pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Tyne ndi yosangalatsa, ndipo mipanda imakhala yosungidwa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mabwalo m'madera ena. Pali nyumba ndi mkulu wa akuluakulu oyendetsa nyumba komanso nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zokongola zomwe zili ndi malo ofukula zinthu zakale kuchokera pa webusaitiyi. Chifukwa chimodzi chomwe Chesters chingasungidwe bwino ndi chakuti chinali chitetezedwa kwa achifwamba amwala ndi kulima ndi mwini nyumbayo, John Clayton, yemwe anafukula ndi kuteteza malowa (ndi ena omwe anapeza pamtambo) ntchito ya moyo wake. Unali moyo wautali kwa zaka, kudutsa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 pafupi ndi 20, kuyambira 1792 mpaka 1890.
- Maola otsegula ndi ofanana ndi a Birdoswald Roman Roman, pamwambapa. Kuloledwa kwa akulu, popanda Mphatso Aid ndi £ 7; matikiti a ana ndi amtundu komanso mabanja akupezeka. Malowa akuphatikizidwa pa English Heritage Osewera Ochezera Pass .
- Mzinda wa Roma wa Corbridge. Kwa zaka 350, Corbridge pang'onopang'ono anasintha kuchokera kumalo omenyera nkhondo kwa asilikali a Roma kupita ku tawuni yapamwamba yomwe anthu ambiri omwe ankakhala m'madera onse a ufumuwo ankakhala ndi kugulitsa. Mu 2018, alendo amatha kuona zipatso za £ 575,000 mu chiwonetsero chatsopano chimapangitsa kuti zinthu zoposa 150,000 zidziwe pa webusaitiyi. Chombo cha Corbridge chojambula ndi chimodzi mwa zazikulu kwambiri mu chisamaliro cha English Heritage. Pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya Corbridge Collection, galasi, mbiya, zitsulo ndi zokongoletsera zaumwini, sizinayambe zakhalapo pagulu kale. Malowa ali pafupi makilomita 19 kumadzulo kwa Newcastle-upon-Tyne kupyolera mu A69. Pali mabasi ochokera kumudzi komanso mudzi wa Hexham. Mzinda wamakono wa Corbridge umatumizidwa ndi sitima ndipo sitima ili pafupi ulendo wautali 20 kuchokera kumalo achiroma. Pali malo osungira malo osungira pa malo ndi malo ena apamalidwe omasuka mumzinda wamakono, pafupifupi mamita ndi kotala.
- Maola otsegula ndi ofanana ndi Birdoswald ndi Chesters, pamwambapa. Kuloledwa kwa anthu akuluakulu ndi £ 7.60, ali ndi ana, matikiti amtundu ndi zovomerezeka zomwe zilipo komanso kuphatikizidwa pa Ochezera Oyendayenda a ku Overseas. Pa nthawi yolemba (March 24, 2018) malo osungirako malo adatsekedwa kukonzekera chiwonetsero chatsopano. Mpaka pa April 27, 2018., ikadzabwezeretsanso, mtengo wovomerezeka udzagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Nyumba zam'mzinda za Roma Fort, malo okwera kwambiri a Roma ku Britain, ali m'mphepete mwa National Park pafupi ndi Bardon Mill / Haydon Bridge kapena Haltwhistle. Malo ake apamwamba amapereka malingaliro odabwitsa pamadera oyandikana nawo, ndi kum'maŵa kwa khoma la kumpoto kwa nsanja, kumtunda waukulu wa Hadrian's Wall. Asilikali 800 achi Roma ankakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Nyumba za Nyumba. Ndipo iwo sanachite manyazi ndi mphamvu zawo; Malinga ndi English Heritage amene, pamodzi ndi National Trust, ali ndi malo enieniwo, dzina loyambirira, Vercovicium, amatanthauza "malo a omenyera nkhondo" Tsambali likuphatikizapo malo omangira nyumba, chipatala, nyumba yoyendetsa nyumba ndi zipinda zamkati. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yomwe ili pawebusaitiyi ikuwonetseratu mmene anamanga nyumba komanso mzinda wamba womwe unali pafupi ndi boma. Pali malo oyendera alendo a National Trust ndi zofukiza. Tsambali likufuna kukhala ndi thupi labwino ngati kuyenda kwa mphindi khumi kuchokera ku Visitor's Center kupita ku nsanja yokha kukufotokozedwa ngati "kovuta."
- Maola otsegulira , zolowera ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa olowa ku England Heritage Kumayiko Ozungulira Pass ndi ofanana ndi malo ena a British Heritage pambali pa khoma. Kuvomerezeka kwa akulu akulu ndi £ 7.80.
Maulendo a Wall of Hadrian
Hadrian's Wall Ltd. amapereka maulendo afupipafupi pakhomopo, kuyambira tsiku limodzi, maulendo angapo oyendetsa galimoto ndipo amayima pa malo akuluakulu pamtambo kukafika kuwiri kapena katatu kanthawi kochepa kanyumba kakang'ono komwe kumakhala ndi safaris. kuyenda kumayenda kapena kutsogolera pamodzi ndi magalimoto otsika ndi kunyamula. Zosankha za kampanizi ndi zabwino kwa aliyense amene safuna kuyenda mtunda wautali tsiku lililonse kapena amene akuda nkhawa kuti ayende mtunda wautali kumalo otsetsereka, otsetsereka. Mitengo (mu 2018) inachokera pa £ 250 kwa magulu a anthu osachepera sikisi pa tsiku limodzi lokha kupita ku £ 275 pa munthu kwa usiku wachitatu, pakati pa mphindi yochepa yopuma ndi mafarasi ndi maulendo otsogolera.
Hadrian's Wall Country, webusaiti yabwino kwambiri yokhudzana ndi malonda, zokopa ndi zizindikiro za kutalika kwa Hadrian's Wall, ili ndi mndandanda wa otsogolera oyenerera komanso oyamikira omwe angayendere khoma lothandiza, losangalatsa komanso lopanda chitetezo.
Pafupi ndifupi
Pakati pa Newcastle / Gateshead kum'maŵa ndi Carlisle kumadzulo, malowa ndi ovuta kwambiri, malo osungirako zida, zakale zamakedzana ndi Aroma zomwe zingatenge mawu zikwi zingapo kuti alembe zonsezo. Apanso, fufuzani webusaitiyi ya Hadith ya Wall Country, uthenga wabwino ndi othandizira othandizira ndi zinthu zoti muzichita pazofuna zanu zonse.
Koma, wina "ayenera kuyendera" malo ndi Roman Vindolanda Museum ya Aroma, malo ogwirira ntchito, malo ophunzitsira komanso kukongola kwa banja osati kutali ndi khoma. Chilimwe chili chonse, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale amapeza zinthu zodabwitsa pazomwe anazikhazikitsira kumsasa kwa Hadith ndipo adakhala ngati malo ogwira ntchito mpaka zaka za m'ma 900, zaka 400 zitatha. Vindolanda anali malo osungirako malo komanso asilikali omwe anamanga Wall Adrian.
Zina mwazomwe zimapezeka pamalopo ndi mapiritsi a Vindolanda. Mapiritsi, mapepala ochepa kwambiri a matabwa omwe ali ndi mapepala ndi makalata, ndizo zitsanzo zakale zopezeka pamanja zopezeka ku Britain. Otsogozedwa ndi akatswiri ndi anthu monga "Top Treasure ya Britain", malingaliro ndi malingaliro pa zolemba izi ndi umboni ku zochitika zenizeni za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa asilikali achiroma ndi antchito. Moni wa tsiku la kubadwa, kuitanidwa kwa phwando, zopempha zogulitsa zovala ndi masokiti ofunda amalembedwa pa masamba owonda, ofanana ndi mapepala a nkhuni, omwe anapulumuka modabwitsa zaka pafupifupi 2,000 poikidwa m'manda mumlengalenga. Palibe china chilichonse chonga mapiritsi awa padziko lapansi. Mapiritsi ambiri amasungidwa ku British Museum ku London, koma kuchokera mu 2011, chifukwa cha ndalama zamakampani mamiliyoni ambiri, makalata ena tsopano abwezedwa ku Vindolanda, komwe amasonyezedwa m'nkhani yosungirako zizindikiro. Vindolanda ndi wokonda banja, ali ndi zochitika, mafilimu, mawonetsero komanso mwayi wowona ndi kutenga nawo mbali muzakale zenizeni nthawi zonse chilimwe. Webusaitiyi imayendetsedwa ndi chikhulupiliro chachipatala ndikuloledwa.