Yendani M'mafoto a Blenheim Palace ku Cotswolds

01 a 08

Masomphenya Aerial of Greatest Place

Mbiri yakale Blenheim Palace, imodzi mwa nyumba zazikulu kwambiri ku Britain, inali malo obadwira komanso nyumba ya ana a Sir Winston Churchill. Ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha zomangamanga za Chingelezi cha Baroque ndipo, ndi malo ake okongola ndi zokopa, zimapanga tsiku lalikulu kuchokera ku London, Oxford kapena Birmingham.

Anayamba monga mphatso yochokera kwa mfumu yoyamikira, Mfumukazi Anne, kwa John Churchill, Duke wa Marlborough woyamba, pofuna kulemekeza kugonjetsedwa kwa French pa nkhondo ya 1704 ya Blenheim mu Nkhondo ya Spanish Succession.

Panthawi yomwe nyumba yachifumuyo inamalizidwa, ena mwa amisiri opanga mapulani, okonza mapulani, olima mapulani, ojambula zithunzi, ojambula zithunzi ndi ojambula zithunzi za m'zaka za zana la 18 adagwira nawo ntchitoyi koma Duchess anali atagwera ndi aliyense - kuphatikizapo Queen of England.

Pafupi maola awiri kuchokera pakati pa London ndi galimoto (zochepa pa sitimayi ndi basi yapafupi), Blenheim Palace imayenda ulendo wovuta kuchokera ku London ndi "must" paulendo uliwonse wa Kumwera cha Kum'maŵa kapena Cotswolds. Tengani ulendo wake wophiphiritsira, ndipo pangani ulendo wanu.

Konzani Kuchezera ku Nyumba ya Blenheim

02 a 08

The North Front

Nyumba yachifumu, yomangidwa kwa John Churchill, Duke woyamba wa Marlborough, inali mphotho yake yotsogolera asilikali pa nkhondo ya Blenheim. Mfumukazi Anne, atangotha ​​zaka ziwiri zokha kulamulira kwake, adamupatsa "Manor and Honor of Woodstock ndi mazana a Wooton", pamodzi ndi £ 240,000 kuti amange nyumba yomwe idzakhala chiwonetsero ku chigonjetso chake chotchuka. Pamapeto pake, nyumba ndi anthu otchuka omwe amakhalapo chifukwa chodziwika kwambiri kuposa kupambana kumene kunamangidwa kuti zikondwerere.

Churchills anali atakhazikitsidwa kale ndi abambo achifumu, ndi Sarah mkazi wa John kukhala bwenzi lapamtima la Mfumukazi Anne. Ndi mauthenga onse, ayenera kuti anali ochepa chabe, chifukwa panthawi yomwe nyumbayo idatha, adatuluka ndi omanga, womanga nyumba, ojambula ndi ojambula, osati Mfumukazi mwiniwake.

Alendo lero ku Blenheim akhoza kuyendera nyumbayo kapena kusangalala ndi minda, paki ndi zokopa zosiyanasiyana za malo a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

03 a 08

The Clock Tower ku Blenheim Palace

Pamene Mkulu wa Marborough anapita ku nkhondo, akuyang'ananso ku French kachiwiri ku nkhondo ya Ramillies mu 1706, mkazi wake Sarah adadzikonza yekha kupanga nyumba yomwe inali chikumbutso cha ulemerero wake. Kulikonse kumene mukuwoneka, zizindikiro ndi zida za nkhondo zikuchuluka.

John Vanbrugh, yemwe anali katswiri wazaka za m'ma 1900, dzina lake Castle Howard ku York, anathandizidwa ndi Nicholas Hawksmoor, yemwe adalenga mipingo yambiri ya mzinda wa London. Lancelot "Mphamvu" Brown, inapanga paki ndi nyanja.

Koma, pamene polojekitiyi inayamba kukhala yofuna komanso yokwera mtengo, Mfumukazi ndi Sarah ankawombera. Ndale zinasintha pakhoti ndipo, pamene a Marlborough adakondwera mu 1712, ndalama zogwirira ntchitoyi zinayima. Panthawiyo, Vanbrugh anali ndi ngongole yokwana £ 45,000 ndipo ntchito yonse yomangamanga inaleka.

04 a 08

Nyumba Yaikulu ku Blenheim Palace

Pamene Mkulu wa Marlborough anali kutali kumenyana nkhondo, Sarah, Duchess, adadzipereka yekha kuti apange chipilala ku ulemerero wake momwe Nyumba Yaikulu ikuwonetsera.

Pamene a Marlborough sankamenyedwa kukhoti, ndalama zogwirira Blenheim Palace zinauma. Iwo adatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo ku Ulaya kwa zaka ziwiri, ndikubwerera kwawo imfa ya Mfumukazi Anne.

Ntchito pa nyumba inayamba kachiwiri mu 1716 koma, popeza Mkonzi tsopano anali kutuluka m'thumba mwake (£ 60,000 ponseponse) iye anakana kulipira mitengo ya korona. Ena mwa akatswiri amisiri, monga wojambula Grinling Gibbons, amene anakongoletsa chipinda chino, anakana kubwerera kumunsi wotsika. Vanbrugh ndi Hawksmoor adalumikizidwanso koma Vanbrugh adasiyidwa patangopita miyezi yowerengeka, akudandaula za kutsutsa kwa Duchess ndi "chisamaliro chosamvetseka" cha iye. Zikuwoneka kuti mavuto ndi omanga ndi osatha.

Hawksmoor anabwerera pambuyo pa imfa ya Duke kuti apange chigonjetso cha ulemu. Koma Vanbrugh sanaloledwe konse ku nyumbayo kachiwiri.

Ngakhale ma Dramas ...

... nyumba yodabwitsa inalengedwa. Alendo amapita ku Blenheim Palace kudutsa ku Great Hall, asanayambe ulendo woyendayenda m'nyumba zamakono. Denga la pamwamba pa phazi la 67 lija linajambula ndi Sir James Thornhill ndipo likuwonetsa Duke woyamba wa kavalidwe ka Aroma akuonetsa dongosolo lake la nkhondo ku Britania.

Zojambulajambula pakhomo ndi Grinling Gibbons ndipo chiwerengero cha nyumbayo chimawafotokoza kuti ndi "kudula mwamphamvu kwambiri ndipo kunamira kwambiri." Ali m'chipinda chino, fufuzani bulu la mkuwa wa 9 koloko mu Order of the Garter dresses, ndi Sir James Epstein.

05 a 08

Malo Olemba Zobiriwira ku Blenheim Palace

Chipinda cha China ndicho choyamba kuyima pa ulendo wa Blenheim Palace. Pakati pa ntchito za Sevres ndi Meissen zomwe zimasonyezedwa apo, yang'anani ndi Meissen tureen ndi magawo a mandimu kuti agwiritse ntchito. Ndi gawo la utumiki woperekedwa kwa Duke wachitatu ndi Mfumu ya Poland pokhala phukusi la stag hounds.

Ofesi yapamwamba mu chipindacho, yokongoletsedwa ndi marquetry yamakono, inapangidwa kwa zaka chikwi ndi Viscount Linley, mphwake wa Mfumukaziyo.

Chotsatira cha alendo

M'zaka za m'ma 1700 ndi 1900, alendo olemekezeka omwe anabwera ku Blenheim Palace adapatsidwa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chipinda chamagulu atatu. Chipinda Cholemba Zobiriwira, chomwe chikuyimiridwa apa, chinali gawo la mndandanda umene umaphatikizaponso:

• Chipinda Chojambula Chobiriwira chokongoletsedwa ndi kalembedwe ka Louis XV. Ili ndi denga lokongola kwambiri, lopangidwa ndi masamba 24K a golide, ndi Nicholas Hawksmoor ndi nthawi yodabwitsa kwambiri yotchedwa ormolu yomwe Gosselin wa ku Paris anadutsa. Yang'anirani chithunzi cha Duke wa 4 mu dongosolo lake la zovala za Garter (kuyang'ana mofanana ndi George Washington). Kumbuyo, mungathe kuona kuti malo a "Capability" Brown ankawoneka ngati m'zaka za zana la 18 komanso kachisi wa Diana, wopusa kwambiri, komwe Winston Churchill anapempha mkazi wake.
• Chipinda Chokonzera Chofiira chokongoletsedwa ndi mipando ya Chippendale ndi ma carpets a Savonniere. Zithunzi ziwiri zoyenera kutenga nthawi yambiri ndi zithunzi za Duke wachinayi ndi banja lake ndi Sir Joshua Reynolds ndi chithunzi cha Duke wa 9 ndi mkazi wake wa ku America, Consuelo Vanderbilt, wojambula zithunzi za anthu a ku America John Singer Sargent.

Malo Olembera Obiriwira

Zina mwa chuma cha chipinda chino, chotchuka kwambiri ndi tapestry ya ku Belgium yomwe imasonyeza kuti Duke woyamba akuvomereza kudzipereka kwa French ku nkhondo ya Blenheim. Ndizodabwitsa kuti ndizochitika mwatsatanetsatane. Aliyense yemwe ali ndi chidwi mu mbiriyakale ya nkhondo ya 1800 ayenera kupatula nthawi yophunzira ntchito yonse ikuchitika kumbuyo kwachithunzi chachikulu cha tapestry.

06 ya 08

The Saloon

Tangoganizani kukhala ndi chipinda m'nyumba mwako kamodzi kamodzi pa chaka. The Saloon, chipinda chodyera ku Blenheim Palace ndi malo otere. Banja la Mfumu ya Marlborough limagwiritsa ntchito pa Chakudya cha Khirisimasi ndipo ndizo za izo.

Mipukutu ndi zojambula mu chipinda chokongola ichi zinali zojambulidwa ndi wojambula zithunzi wa ku France Louis Laguerre, yemwe analamula ndalama zokwana £ 500 kuti apeze maere. Sir James Thornhill, yemwe adajambula padenga la Great Hall poyamba adatumizidwa kuti azichita chipinda chino, koma Sara, Duchess woyamba wa Marlborough anatsutsa ndalama zake. Anali wotchuka chifukwa chokangana ndi kukangana ndi amisiri ndi ogwira ntchito omwe anawalemba. Mu mgwirizano womwewo ndi omanga nyumba, master carver Grinling Gibbons anangomaliza umodzi wa miyala yojambula mabokosi pamene ntchitoyi inamangidwanso mu 1712. Sanabwererenso ntchito ikayambiranso.

Chipinda chachikulu cha siliva pakati pa chipinda chino chimasonyeza Mkonzi woyamba, atakwera pamahatchi, akulembera kalata kwa mkazi wake, kumuuza kuti apite ku Blenheim kupambana kwa Queen Anne. Mndandandawo, womwe unalembedwa kumbuyo kwa ngongole yamtambo, umasungidwa ku British Library (chikhochi chimasungidwa mu Malo Oyamba a State). Chipinda choyambira chinapangidwa ndi Garrard, Crown Jewelers.

07 a 08

Malo Oyamba a State ku Blenheim Palace

Zojambula zambiri za ku Belgium zimasonyeza kuti asilikali a Marborough anagonjetsa m'magulu atatu a "boma" omwe amagwirizana ndi Saloon ku Long Library.

Duke woyamba adalemba zolemba 11 zochokera ku Belgian weaver deVos, kuti akwaniritse zochitika zake za nkhondo za m'ma 1800. Nkhondo ya Blenheim pamapepala amawonetsedwa mu Malo Olemba Ku Green. Pakati pa omwe akuwonetsedwa mu chipinda chino ndi:

• Zojambula za Donauworth, zosonyeza mphamvu za Marborough kukonzekera kumenyana ndi linga ndi mzindawo.
• Nkhondo ya Malplaquet
• Kuwoloka Mitsinje ya Brabant
• Kuzungulira kwa Lille.

Pamwamba pa malo amoto ndi chithunzi cha Consuelo Vanderbilt, mkazi wa America woyamba wa Duke wa 9. Zinali choncho, ndalama ya Vanderbilt yomwe inathandiza kubwezeretsa denga lokongola la chipindacho. Ikukongoletsedwa ndi golide wa carat 9 ndipo imakopedwa kuchokera padenga ku Versailles.

The Standard Quit-Rent

Chimodzi mwa zozizwitsa za Blenheim Palace ndizomwe zimachokera ku Quit-Rent. Bendera lokhala ndi maluwa atatu de lys, ndilo chikhalidwe cha French. Mwa dongosolo la Mfumukazi Anne, mndandanda watsopano wa Quit-Rent waperekedwa kwa wolamulira chaka chilichonse patsiku la nkhondo ya Blenheim.

Pamene muli m'chipinda chino, onetsetsani kuti muwoneke bwino, mwendo wovala mwala womwe Duchess Consuelo anagwedeza ana ake aamuna awiri, mmodzi wa iwo adakhala Duke wa 10.

08 a 08

Long Library ku Blenheim Palace

Mabuku opitirira 10,000 amasungidwa mu Long Library, yomwe inakonzedwa ndi Vanbrugh komanso yokonzedwa ndi Nicholas Hawksmoor.

Chipinda chodabwitsa kwambiri, Long Library ikuyenda kutalika kwa kumadzulo kwa nyumba yachifumu ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zipinda zitaliatali ku nyumba yaumwini ku Britain. Kale, amayi ankachita masewero olimbitsa thupi poyenda mozungulira m'chipinda china chotchedwa Vanbrugh. Poyesa mamita 183 kutalika kwake ndi mamita 32 pamwamba, Long Library ili ndi ziwalo zomangidwa ndi Henry Willis mu 1891 - likulu lalikulu m'nyumba yaumwini ku Ulaya.

Ngakhale koyambirira kukonzedwa ndi Vanbrugh, Long Library ku Blenheim Palace akuonedwa kukhala chipinda cha Hawksmoor bwino m'nyumba. Khalani ndi nthawi yambiri mukuyang'ana zojambula zodabwitsa za stuko, kuphatikizapo zipangizo ziwiri zabodza, zomwe zinatsirizidwa mu 1725.

Zowonongeka zopanda kanthu zikuwonetsanso kusagwirizana kwina ndi okongoletsera. Sir James Thornhill poyamba anauzidwa kuti adzazidzaze ndi zojambulazo. Iye anatsimikizira kuti anali okwera mtengo kotero iwo analibe kanthu. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, muonetsero la Chingelezi cha Baroque, mapulaneti opanda kanthu amapatsa chipinda chowoneka chophweka, choposa cha neoclassical kapena chikhalidwe cha Chijojiya cha Robert Adam chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800.

Long Library yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana pazaka. Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lapansi, inali chipinda cha chipatala ndipo pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, inakhala malo osungirako ana a Malvern College. Kuchokera mu 1940 mpaka 1944, abusa a MI5 anadzaza chipinda ndi madesiki awo ndi ntchito yapamwamba yoluntha. Lero, Long Library nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mipira yokonda.

Dziwani zambiri za kupita ku Blenheim Palace ndikukonzekera tsiku lanu.