Kuti mupite kudera lakummawa ndi East East Europe, simukufunikira kulankhula chinenero chovomerezeka cha dziko limene mukupita. Anthu ambiri m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi madera oyendera malo amalankhula Chingerezi. Komabe, zilankhulo za mayikowa ndi zokongola, zokondweretsa, komanso zofunikira kudziko lonse. Ndipo inde, kudziwa zilankhulo izi kudzakuthandizani ngati mukukonzekera kugwira ntchito, kuyenda, kapena kukhala kumeneko.
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za zilankhulo za Kum'maŵa ndi Kum'mawa kwa Ulaya?
Mitundu ya Aslav
Gulu lachilankhulo chachiSlavic ndilo liwu lalikulu kwambiri la zinenero m'derali ndipo limayankhulidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Gululi limaphatikizapo Chirasha , Chibugariya, Chiyukireniya, Czech ndi Slovak, Polish, Macedonian, ndi zinenero za Serbo-Croatian. Chilankhulo cha Asilovic chili m'zinenero za Indo-European.
Chinthu chabwino chophunzira chimodzi mwazinenero zimenezi ndi chakuti mudzatha kumvetsa zinenero zina za Slava. Ngakhale kuti zilankhulo sizili zodziwika mofanana, mawu a zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zofanana kapena amagawana mizu yomweyo. Kuonjezera apo, mutadziwa chimodzi mwa zinenero izi, kuphunzira yachiwiri kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri!
Zilumba zina za Slavic, komabe, zimagwiritsa ntchito zilembo za Cyrillic, zomwe zimatengera ena kuzizoloŵera. Ngati mukupita kudziko lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito malemba a Cyrillic, zimathandiza kuti muwerenge makalata a zilembo kuti mumve mawu, ngakhale simungathe kuwamvetsa.
Chifukwa chiyani? Chabwino, ngakhale simungathe kulemba kapena kuwerenga Cyrillic, mudzatha kufanana ndi maina a malo ndi mfundo pa mapu. Malusowa ndi othandiza kwambiri pamene mukuyesera kupeza njira yanu kuzungulira mzinda nokha.
Zinenero za Baltic
Zinenero za Baltic ndizinenero za ku Indo-European zimene zimasiyana ndi zilankhulo za Slavic.
Chi Lithuania ndi Chilatvia ndiwo awiri okhala m'zinenero za Baltic ndipo ngakhale ali nawo zofanana, iwo sagwirizana mofanana. Chilankhulo cha Chilithuania ndi chimodzi mwa zilembe zomwe zikukhala m'zinenero za Indo-European ndipo zimasunga mbali zina za zinenero za Proto-Indo-European. Onse a ku Lithuania ndi a Kilatvia amagwiritsa ntchito zilembo za Chilatini ndi zolemba zolemba.
ChiLithuania ndi Chilatvia nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti olankhula Chingerezi aphunzire, koma ngakhale ophunzira ovuta angapeze kusowa kwazinthu zabwino zophunzira chinenero poyerekeza ndi zilankhulo zambiri za Slavic. Baltic Studies Summer Institute (BALSSI) ndi pulogalamu ya chinenero cha chilimwe yoperekedwa kwa Lithuanian, Latvia ndi Estonian (zomwe ndizo zinenero, ngati sizinenero, Baltic ).
Zinenero za Finno-Ugric
Zilankhulo za ku Estonia (Chiestonia) ndi Hungary (Hungary) ndi mbali ya nthambi ya Finno-Ugric ya mtengo wa chinenero. Komabe, iwo sali ofanana mofanana poyerekezera. Chiestonia chikugwirizana ndi chinenero cha Chifinishi, pamene chi Hungary chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zinenero za kumadzulo kwa Siberia . Zinenero izi ndi zovuta kwambiri kuti olankhula Chingelezi aphunzire, ngakhale kuti akugwiritsa ntchito chilembo cha Chilatini ndizopinga zochepetseratu ophunzira olankhula Chingerezi amayenera kufooka poyesera kuti adziwe zinenero izi.
Chilankhulo cha Chikondi
Chi Romanian ndi wachibale wake wapafupi kwambiri, Moldova, ndi zilankhulo zachikondi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zilembo za Chilatini. Ena amakangana pa kusiyana pakati pa Chiromani ndi Moldova akupitirizabe kugawa akatswiri, ngakhale kuti anthu a ku Moldova amakhulupirira kuti chinenero chawo n'chosiyana ndi Chiromani ndipo amalemba mndandanda wa Moldova monga chinenero chawo.
Chilankhulo cha Othawa
M'mizinda ikuluikulu, Chingerezi chikwanira kuyenda kwa zolinga za woyendayenda. Komabe, kutali ndi malo oyendera alendo ndi mizinda yomwe mumapeza, m'pamenenso chilankhulo chapafupi chidzabwera bwino. Ngati mukukonzekera kupita kumadera akumidzi kumayiko akum'maŵa kapena East East Europe, kudziwa mawu ndi ziganizo zazikulu zidzakuthandizani kuti mukhale osangalala komanso zingakukondeni kwa anzanu.
Kuti muphunzire matchulidwe olondola, gwiritsani ntchito intaneti kuti muzimvetsera mawu omwe amapezeka monga "hello" ndi "zikomo." Mukhozanso kudziwa momwe munganene kuti "Ndichuluka bwanji?" Kuti mupemphe mtengo wa chinachake kapena "Ali kuti. ..? "Ngati muli otayika ndipo muyenera kupempha njira (musungeni mapu ngati muli ndi chidziwitso cha chilankhulo chanu kuti muthe kuwonetsedwa).