01 a 08
Kukonzekera ku Nkhondo - Mapulani a Nkhondo atha
Kuyamba kwa nkhondo pakati pa United States ndi Japan pa December 7, 1941 kunali, mwa njira zambiri, chosapeŵeka. Mphepo ya mafuta ndi kuzizira kwa chuma cha Japan m'chilimwe cha 1941 zinali zizindikiro za dziko la United States lotsutsana ndi nkhondo ndi kugonjetsa ku Japan ndi Southeast Asia.
Ndondomeko ya ku Japan inali imodzi mwa zosagwirizana. Kufunika kwazinthu zina zowonjezera kunali kukhala kwakukulu.
Nthawi yothetsera vutoli itangotsala pang'ono kutha, nkhondo isanayambe, koma chilimwe ndi kugwa kwa 1941 zinkafunika mbali zonse ziwiri kukonzekera chosapeŵeka.
Boma lachigawenga ku Japan linali kuyembekezera kuthetsa mtendere. Asilikaliwa ankafunikira nthawi yokonzekera njira yawo. Dziko la United States linkafunikanso nthawi yokonzekera nkhondo kumbuyo kwa nyumba ndi kulimbikitsa asilikali ake ndi asilikali apanyanja ku Pacific.
Pamene General Hiddeki Tojo adasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa dziko la Japan pakati pa mwezi wa October 1941, mwayi uliwonse wa kuthetsa mtendere unalipo. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa November, asilikali a ku Japan ndi Navy anamaliza "mgwirizano wapakati" pofotokoza dongosolo logonjetsa.
Mbali yaikulu ya chiwembucho inakhudza kuwonongedwa kwa United States Pacific Fleet ku Pearl Harbor. Chikonzero cha nkhondo chinatha.
02 a 08
Kodi Atsogoleri Achimereka Ankadziwa Chiwopsezo Pambuyo?
Ngakhale mbiri yakale yosasinthika nthawi zambiri silingavomereze ndi olemba mbiri a ndondomeko yambiri ya zochitika zazikuru. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale adzakangana nthawi zonse kuti boma la United States likudziŵa kuti akubwera kudzaukira. Palinso ziphunzitso zamphamvu kuti atsogoleli athu adziwa bwino kuwonongeka kwake ndipo sanachite kanthu kuti ateteze. Ngati chiwonongeko cha Pearl Harbor sichinayambe, maganizo a anthu ndi ndale mwina sakanalola kuti US agwire nawo nkhondo mpaka itachedwa.
Zambiri za mbiri zimakhazikitsidwa ndi malingaliro a munthu, ndipo zimadalira zotsatira za chochitikachi. Ambiri aife takula tikuphunzitsidwa kuti kuukira kwa Pearl Harbor kunali "mantha oopsya" omwe amachitira dziko losaganizira. Kodi ndi kangati ife tonse tamva mawu amenewa ku Franklin D. Roosevelt's Pearl Harbor Speech akufotokoza za December 7, 1941 monga "tsiku limene lidzakhala lopanda pake"?
Zoonadi, kuukira kwa Pearl Harbor ndi dongosolo lokonzedwa bwino komanso lokonzedwa bwino, lokonzedwa ndi Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa magulu a ku Japan pamodzi. Kulephera kunalibe mu ndondomeko kapena kuperekera kwa chiwonongeko. Kulephera kunali kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mphamvu ku Japan kuti amvetsetse kuti kuukiridwa koteroko, pamene akupereka chigonjetso chachikulu, kumagwirizanitsa ndi kuwukitsa dziko ndikukakamiza iwo kutsimikiza, kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa Japan kunali kosapeŵeka monga nkhondoyo yokha . Ngakhale kuti a ku Japan, atagonjetsa nkhondo, chiwonongeko cha Pearl Harbor chikawoneka mosiyana.
03 a 08
Tora! Tora! Tora! - Nkhondo Yachijeremani Yachijeremani imagonjetsa US Bases ku Hawaii
Nkhani yoyamba m'nkhani yowonjezera ya Honolulu Star Bulletin pa December 7, 1941 inali yoonekeratu. "Nkhondo! Oahu Bombedwe ndi Mapulani a Japan".
Nthawi ya 6 koloko m'mawa ku Hawaii, ogwira ntchito ku Japan omwe anali pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 200 kumpoto kwa Oahu anayamba kukambirana koyamba. Mtsinje uwu unali ndi ndege 183 monga kuphwanya mabomba, mabomba okwera mabomba ndi asilikali. Pogwiritsa ntchito sitima ya wailesi ya Honolulu kuti aloŵe mkati mwa zolinga zawo, ndege za ku Japan zinafika pachilumbachi. Pazigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi za zida zogwiritsira ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo za O`ahu, imodzi yokha inali kugwira ntchito m'mawa pa December 7, 1941. Pamene ikuzindikira ndege zowonongeka, panalibe kulingalira kwakukulu komwe kunaperekedwa ndi apamwamba awo kuti ichi chinali chiwombankhanga chofulumira kwa iwo .
Pafupifupi 7:40 m'mawa, pakuwona gombe la Oahu, ndege yoyamba ya ndege za ku Japan inayambitsa zida zawo ndikuyendetsa zofuna zawo. Pafupifupi 7:53 am, Mitsuo Fuchida adalangiza anthu ogwira ntchitoyo kuti US Pacific Fleet yathyoledwa. Uthenga wake unali ndi mawu amodzi, mobwerezabwereza katatu, " Tora! Tora! Tora! " ("Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!"). Panthawiyi phokoso lachiwiri lokaukira linali kale theka la njira zawo.
Kumenyedwa mmawa umenewo kunali Ford Island, maulendo a ndege ku Wheeler, Hickam, Ewa ndi Kaneohe, ndipo kenako Bellows Field. Mphindi zochepa amwenye ambiri a ku America, mabomba, ndi ndege zowonongeka anawonongedwa kapena kuwonongeka. Mpata uli wonse wotsutsa unachotsedwa.
04 a 08
Mpikisano wa Nkhondo Ukuukira - US Pacific Fleet ku Pearl Harbor Yowonongeka
Potsutsidwa ndi mpweya, panali njira yoyenera yopita patsogolo, US Pacific Fleet inanyamuka ku Pearl Harbor. Tapereka Mapu a Zomwe Zombo Zinafika pa December 7, 1941 kuti muzitchulire.
Monga momwe tafotokozera m'nkhani yawo pa Pearl Harbor ku The History Place: "Anthu a ku America akudabwa kwambiri. Mvula yoyamba ikuyendetsa ndege ndi zida zankhondo. Zombo zisanu ndi zitatu za ku America, zowonongeka zowonjezera zisanu ndi zitatu, zowonongeka zisanu. Zowonongeka zitatu, owononga atatu ndi zitsulo zing'onozing'ono zitatu zimatayika limodzi ndi ndege 188. Anthu a ku Japan ataya ndege 27 ndi midzi yoyenda pansi yomwe amayesa kuloŵa m'ngalawa yamkati ndikuyambitsa torpedoes.
Nkhondo ya USS Arizona pambuyo pa bomba inalowa mu magazini yopita patsogolo yomwe inachititsa kuti ziphulika zambiri ziphedwe ndi kupha amuna 1,104.
Kutha kuwonongeka kwa chiwonongeko ndizofunikira kwambiri, oyang'anira ndege a US Pacific Fleet, Lexington, Enterprise ndi Saratoga omwe sanali pa doko. Komanso kuthawa kuwonongeka ndi mabanki a mafuta.
Mndandanda wa osowa nawo umaphatikizapo 2,335 servicemen ndi 68 anthu omwe anaphedwa, ndipo 1,178 anavulazidwa. Ophatikizidwa ali amuna 1,104 omwe ali m'gulu la nkhondo ya USS Arizona ataphedwa pambuyo pa bomba la mpweya wokwana 1,760 linalowetsa m'magazini yopita patsogolo yomwe inachititsa kuti ziphuphu zisawonongeke. "
05 a 08
Zotsatira - Lamulo la Nkhondo Linavomerezedwa ndipo Asilikali Akugwira Boma la Hawaii
Posakhalitsa chiwonongekocho ndi kuyembekezera kuti dziko la Japan likafika ku Hawaii, magulu ankhondo anakhazikitsa malo ozungulira zilumba zonsezi. Mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe magulu ankhondo angapitepo anali ndi zovuta zilizonse zimene zingalepheretse kubwerera.
Ndege zankhondo zankhondo zinagwidwa ndi ankhondo. Ndege zonse zapadera zinakhazikitsidwa. Nyumba ya Hawaii Territorial Guard inasonkhanitsidwa monga onse a ROTC unit kuchokera ku University of Hawaii ndi masukulu apamwamba.
Chakumapeto kwa tsiku la 7 December, ndipo atatsutsidwa ndi Bwanamkubwa Joseph B. Poindexter, lamulo la nkhondo linalengezedwa ndipo zolembedwa za habeas corpus zinaimitsidwa. General Walter C. Short anapereka chilengezo chomwe adalengeza kuti akulamulira boma ndikuyang'anira udindo wa bwanamkubwa wa nkhondo ku Hawaii. Poyambirira ankaganiza kuti malamulo a nkhondo amatha kanthawi kochepa, komabe, kwenikweni adakhala kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu.
Nyumba za boma kuphatikizapo Nyumba ya Iolani zinasandulika maofesi a usilikali. Zilumbazi, makamaka, zinasanduka malo akuluakulu a asilikali. Ndi lamulo la msilikali linabwera mdima, nthawi yam'mbuyomu, kuyesa, kuyang'anitsitsa nkhani ndi makalata, kuletsa ndi zina zoletsedwa. Makampani ogulitsa a ku Japan ndi mabuku atsekedwa.
06 ya 08
Zigawo Zakaidi Zakhazikitsidwa - Lamulo la Military Governors Hawaii
Kumangidwa kwa anthu omwe ankaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa kapena okayikira amayamba ndi apolisi apanyumba, Army Intelligence ndi FBI. Ambiri ambiri a ku Japan anasamukira ku malo osungirako ziwembu koma chiŵerengero cha anthu a ku Japan chibadwidwe ndi maiko ena okhwima anali akulu kwambiri kuti asalole kusuntha kwa aliyense. Ndondomeko yosamukira ku Japan okwana 100,000 kuchokera ku Hawaii inaganiziridwa, koma inakanidwa.
Malamulo a milandu analowetsa milandu ya milandu ndi malamulo a usilikali anali lamulo la dziko la asilikali komanso anthu wamba.
Anthu onse okhalamo anali ndi zolemba zalazi ndipo ankafunika kunyamula makadi odziwika nthawi zonse. Anthu amtunduwu anali oletsedwa kutenga ndalama zokwana madola 200. Amalonda nawonso anali oletsedwa.
Ngakhale kuti panalibe mkangano pakati pa olamulira ankhondo ndi ankhondo omwe amamenya nkhondo, asilikali anapitirizabe mwa njira ina mpaka pa October 24, 1944. Ngakhale pambuyo pa kutha kwa nkhondo, Hawaii adapitiliza kukhala msilikali ndipo nthawi yachisanu ndi chaka, 1945.
07 a 08
Hawaii Lero - Tikukumbukira Pearl Harbor ndi USS Arizona
Lero, zikumbutso za nkhondo zikuwonekera m'malo ambiri ku Hawaii. Pamene oyendayenda akukwera pamwamba pa mutu wa Diamond amachoka pamabwalo achibwibwi omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana ndege zowononga. Pearl Harbor ndi USS Arizona Memorial amakumbutsa onse omwe amawachezera udindo wofunika wa Hawaii pankhondo ndi ambiri omwe adafa m'mawa wokondwerera.
M'zigawo zonsezi muli zikumbukiro zina, monga War Memorial Memorial ku National Cemetery Pacific pa Punchbowl, Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ku mzinda wa Honolulu kapena aang'ono, koma kusuntha, Waialua-Kahuku Chikumbutso Chachiwiri cha padziko lonse ku Haleiwa Beach Park, Oahu.
Pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe sichiyenera kunyalanyazidwa pamene wina ayima pambuyo pamakumbukiro awa omwe amalemekeza awo omwe anamwalira mu Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Mndandanda wa akufawo umaphatikizapo amuna ambiri ochokera ku Japan omwe makolo awo, agogo ndi agogo awo kapena agogo ndi amayi awo anabwera ku Hawaii kuchokera ku Japan kuti ayambe moyo watsopano. Mayina a amuna awa ali pamwamba, pambali ndi pansi pa mizu ya kumidzi, ma Chinese, mizu ya ku Philippines ndi maiko a ku Hawaii, onse omwe adapereka moyo wawo kuti asungire ufulu wawo, mabanja awo ndi ife.
Nkhondo zimenyedwa ndi anthu. Ambiri mwa amuna amenewa amamwalira. Nkhondo zayamba ndi ena, nthawi zambiri osakhala olimba mtima, omwe amakhala masauzande ambiri kuchokera ku imfa.
Anthu omwe adamenya nkhondo ndi kumwalira pankhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, nthawi zambiri, amuna olemekezeka, kaya ndi Amerika, British, German, French, Japanese kapena ochokera m'mayiko ena onse omwe akuphatikizidwa.
08 a 08
Timakumbukira Kuti Tisaiwale
Dziko lonse lasintha kuchokera kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Hawaii yakhala chikhalidwe cha makumi asanu ndi chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Japan ndi a mizu ya dziko lapansi, mizu ya Chichina, mizu ya ku Philippines, ndi mizu ya ku Hawaii amakhala pamodzi mwamtendere m'zilumbazi.
Chodabwitsa, kulemera kwachuma ku Hawaii lerolino kumadalira kwambiri zokopa alendo osati ku dziko lonse la United States komanso ku Japan.
Komabe, lero lino chaka chilichonse, timakhala panthawi kuti tikumbukire omwe anafa m'mawa 74 zaka zapitazo. Sitimakumbukira kuti tibweretse kukumbukira nthawi yomwe dziko linasokonezeka. Sitimakumbukira kuti tiwatsutse omwe adatiukira. Timakumbukira kuti tisaiwale omwe adafa ndipo mwina sitiyiwala kuti sitiyenera kulola kuti izi zichitike.
Ngati mwakusowa tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge Mbiri Yachidule ya Pearl Harbor Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse yomwe tinapenda mbiri ya dera lomwe limatchedwanso "Wai Momi", kutanthauza kuti "Madzi a Pearl" kapena "Pu" uloa ", kuyambira masiku ake akale mpaka nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse itatsala pang'ono kutha. Tinaonanso zotsatira za kukula kwa dera la asilikali a US ku chikhalidwe cha Hawaii.