5 Malo osadziwika kwambiri a UNESCO World Heritage Sites ku India

01 ya 06

Zachidule za malo a UNESCO World Heritage Sites ku India

India ili ndi mayina 32 omwe atchulidwa ndi malo a UNESCO World Heritage Sites, omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi Archeological Survey of India. Iwo ali ndi malo 25 a chikhalidwe (omwe amadziwika ndi ntchito yawo yodziwika bwino yamanja) ndi malo asanu ndi awiri. Ambiri mwa iwo amadziwika bwino, makamaka zipilala monga Taj Mahal ku Agra, Red Fort ku Delhi, mabwinja a Hampi ku Karnataka, akachisi opusa ku Khajuraho , Ajanta ndi Ellora mapanga ku Maharashtra, ndi Sundarbans National Park ku West Bengal.

Komabe, palinso malo ena odziwika bwino omwe ali ofunikira. Ena mwa iwo, simungamvepo za!

02 a 06

Malo otchedwa Archaeological Park a Champaner-Pavagadh, Gujarat

Champaner ndi Pavagadh ali ndi chuma chambiri, zomangamanga ndi zachilengedwe kuchokera ku miyambo yonse ya Chimisilamu ndi ya Chihindu, kuyambira zaka za m'ma 800 mpaka 1400. Izi zikuphatikizapo linga lamapiri, nyumba zachifumu, malo olambirira (Jama Masjid ndi imodzi mwa mzikiti yodabwitsa kwambiri ku Gujarat), malo okhala, malo ogona ndi zitsime zazitali.

Chiwerengero cha zipilala ku Champaner chiyenera kukhala zoposa 100! Mzinda wamakedzana uwu uli pafupi makilomita 145 kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa Ahmedabad ndi makilomita 50 kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Vadodara ku Gujarat. Zaka mazana khumi ndi za m'ma 1500 ndi 1600, Sultan Mahmud Begada wa Ahmedabad (mdzukulu wa Ahmed Shah, yemwe adayambitsa Ahmadabad) adalanda dzikoli pambuyo pa nkhondo yayikulu. Anamanga zipilala zambiri zam'madzi ndi matupi a madzi kumeneko. Komabe, masiku a ulemerero wa mumzindawu adatha mu 1535, pamene adagonjetsedwa ndi Mughal Emperor Humayun ndipo likulu la dzikoli linasamukira ku Ahmedabad.

Pafupi, kumpoto kwa Champaner, pathanthwe la Pavagadh limangoyenda mamita 800 kuchokera kumapiri oyandikana nawo. Pamwamba pake mumakhala kachisi wa Kalika Mata, woperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi wamdima wa Kali. Ndi kachisi wamkulu wa kupembedza kwa shakti (mphamvu ya akazi) ndipo ndi umodzi wa maulendo otchuka kwambiri achihindu omwe amapita ku Gujarat. Mwachilendo, kachisi ali ndi kachisi wachisilamu wokonzedwa pamwamba pake.

Nchifukwa chiyani liri Malo Othandizira Padziko Lonse?

Phiri la Arpanological la Champaner-Pavagadh ndilolo lokhalo losasinthika ndi lokwanira mumzinda wa Pre-Mughal ku Islam. Ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kanyumba kanthaŵi kochepa, ndipo kamakhalabe kotetezeka chifukwa chotsutsana ndi moyo wamasiku ano, nkhalango, ndi kusiya. Zomangamanga zake zimaphatikizapo mapulani a Muslim ndi a Hindu. Chodziwika ndi chakuti, mapangidwe apadera a mzikiti wake waukulu (Jama Masjid) adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomangamanga ku India.

03 a 06

Gulu la Zithunzi ku Pattadakal, Karnataka

Zilumba zokongola za Pattadakal zimayendera mobwerezabwereza pamodzi ndi malo olowa malo a Badami (omwe kale anali Vatapi) ndi Aihole paulendo wochokera ku Hampi . Dera limeneli linali mtima wa ufumu wa Chalukya, umene unalamulira kumeneko pakati pa zaka za m'ma 400 mpaka 800. Amakhulupirira kuti Pattadakal kale anali likulu lawo ndi malo omwe mafumu awo anavekedwa korona.

Zikumbutsozi zikuphatikizapo akachisi asanu ndi anai Achihindu komanso malo opatulika a Jain, ozunguliridwa ndi mapemphero ang'onoang'ono. Mbambande ya Virupaksha Temple inamangidwa ndi mfumukazi - osati mfumu! Mfumukazi Lokamahadevi inamangidwa mu 740 kukondwerera kupambana kwa mwamuna wake pa Pallavas ya Kanchipuram ku Tamil Nadu.

Chimene chimapangitsa akachisi kukhala apadera kwambiri ndi zojambula zosavuta ndi zolemba zomwe zimawaphimba iwo. Chikati chonse cha kachisi wa Virupaksha chili ndi zithunzi zokongola ndi zojambulajambula, kuphatikizapo zigawo za Ramayana ndi Bhagavad Gita.

Nchifukwa chiyani liri Malo Othandizira Padziko Lonse?

Gulu la Zikumbutso za ku Pattadakal zikumbutso ndikumapeto kwa zoyesayesa zapamwamba kwambiri mu njira ya Vesara yopanga kachisi wa Chihindu. Chojambulachi chimaphatikizapo Dravidian (kum'mwera) ndi Nagara (kumpoto) mafashoni a zomanga kachisi. Zitsanzo zina zochititsa chidwi za kalembedwe ka Vesara ku Karnataka ndi akachisi a Hoysala ku Belur, Halebidu ndi Somnathpura.

04 ya 06

Malo ogona a miyala ku Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh

Malo osungira miyala a Bhimbetka ali m'munsi mwa mapiri a Vindhya m'chigawo cha Raisen cha Madhya Pradesh , mkati mwa Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary. Amapezeka bwino kuchokera ku Bhopal, pafupifupi ola limodzi.

Pali malo osungira miyala oposa 700, omwe amakhala m'magulu asanu pakati pa nkhalango zakuda. Malo osungirako miyala omwe sankapezekapo anapezeka mu 1957 (ndipo, nawonso mwangozi). Chidwi chodziwika bwino cha zamabwinja, malo othawirako akubwerera ku zaka za Paleolithic ndipo ena amati adakhala ndi Homo erectus (mtundu wakale wa anthu) zaka zoposa 100,000 zapitazo. Zomwe anafufuzira zinasonyeza miyambo yoyamba ya moyo wa munthu pa chigawo cha Indian subcontinent ndi kuyamba kwa South Asia Stone Age (kuchokera 50,000-3000 BC). Zida zambiri zamwala zinapezeka kumeneko, kuphatikizapo nkhwangwa ndi zowonongeka.

Malo osungirako oposa mazana anayi ali ndi zojambula zamwala, zopangidwa pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Masewero awo amawonetsedwa mu miyambo ya midzi ya Adivasi yomwe ili pafupi ndi malo ogona.

Nchifukwa chiyani liri Malo Othandizira Padziko Lonse?

Malo ogulitsira miyala a Bhimbetka ndi zojambula zawo zapamwamba kwambiri za rock zimasonyeza nthawi yaitali pakati pa anthu ndi malo, ndipo amathandizana kwambiri ndi kusaka ndi kusonkhanitsa chuma.

05 ya 06

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam

Ganizilani za mapaki a ku Assam, ndipo Kaziranga amakumbukira kwambiri. Komabe, Assam imakhalanso ndi malo ena otentha kwambiri omwe ali malo a World Heritage Site.

Malo otchedwa Manas Wildlife Sanctuary amayenda mumtsinje wa Manas ku Assam, womwe umapezeka kwambiri m'dera la kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India , ndipo umagawira malire ndi Bhutan. Mapiri ake ochititsa chidwi kwambiri a m'nkhalango ndi madera obiriwira amathandiza kuti nyama zamoyo zakutchire zikhale zosafunika komanso zoopsa kwambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo nkhuku, mabhinja, langurs, pygmy hogs, mikondo yopusa, nsomba za Assam, ndi Bengal florican. Pakiyi imakhala ndi anthu ambirimbiri a njuchi zakutchire.

Ntchito yowonongeka ndi zowononga inachititsa kuti malo opatulika aperekedwe pa World Heritage mu mndandanda wa ngozi mu 1992. Komabe, adachotsedwa pa mndandanda mu 2011 atachita khama kwambiri.

Malo opatulika angathe kufufuzidwa ndi jeep ndi safari ya njovu m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ili pafupi maola asanu kuchokera ku Guwahati.

Nchifukwa chiyani liri Malo Othandizira Padziko Lonse?

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary ili ndi chilengedwe chodziwika bwino chomwe chimadziwika chifukwa cha zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, malo ochititsa chidwi komanso malo okongola. Mitundu 22 ya nyama zoopsa kwambiri ku India zitha kupezeka kumeneko. Pafupifupi, malo opatulikawa ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 60 ya zinyama, 42 mitundu ya zokwawa, zamoyo zisanu ndi ziwiri zamphongo, ndi mitundu 500 ya mbalame.

06 ya 06

Malo aakulu a National Park, Himachal Pradesh

Chimodzi mwa malo atsopano a UNESCO World Heritage Sites, India High Park ya Himalayan inalembedwa pa mndandanda wa 2014. Pakiyi ili m'dera la Kulac of Himachal Pradesh ndipo imakhala pafupifupi makilomita 90,500 (90,500 hectares). Zili ndi zigwa zinayi, ndi malo osiyanasiyana omwe amachokera pamwamba pa mapiri okwera mamita 6,000 (mamita 19,700) pamwamba pa nyanja mpaka kumapiri a mitsinje 2,000 mamita 6,500 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Iwo amene amakonda chipululu adzapeza malo amatsenga kuti adzafufuze. Malo ake akutali, ovuta ndi osasunthika amachititsa kuti anthuwa aziwafuna. Ndizo zokhazokha zokhazokha zomwe zimafika mkatikati mwa dera lalikulu ngakhale! Pali njira zingapo zoyendetsedwera, kuyambira masiku atatu mpaka asanu ndi atatu, ndi kuyenda pakati pa zigwa za Tirthan ndi Sainj zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Njira zovuta zovuta za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala zotheka kudera la Ecozone komwe kumakhala kumwera chakumadzulo, komwe kumachitika ndi oyendetsa tsiku.

Mitengo ndi maulendo amaperekedwa ndi kampani yotchedwa Sunshine Himalayan Adventures mogwirizana ndi Biodiversity Tourism and Community Development (gulu lokhazikitsidwa ndi anthu omwe amakhala m'mudzimo). N'zotheka kuyankhulana ndi anthu ammidzi ndikuphunzira za ntchito zawo.

Nchifukwa chiyani liri Malo Othandizira Padziko Lonse?

Nkhalango Yaikuru ya Himalayan imayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusamalira zachilengedwe. Pamene kuopseza kwa anthu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa zomera ndi zinyama zotetezedwa, zoyesayesa zowonongeka zimaphatikizapo kulumikizana ndi anthu ammudzi momwe akuyang'anira ndikusamalira chithandizo.