Kuchokera ku Fenians Kusandulika - Kafukufuku Wochepa
Kutanthauzira "Irish Republican Army", kapena mwachidule IRA, sikophweka monga momwe zikuwonekera - pozindikira pagulu komanso pofalitsa zodzikonda, magulu ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana amatsutsana pansi pa nthawi iyi ya bulangeti. Chimene chimapangitsa kuti mudye madzi mpaka kumapeto. Ndipo mapeto sakuonekera, monga "IRA kukoma kwa mwezi" magulu ophwanyika amawonekera mwachizoloŵezi chokhalitsa, akunena kuti, mutu weniweni wa ntchito zake.
Pano pali kufupika kwa mabungwe otchedwa "Irish Republican Army", omwe alibe kapena owonjezera:
Arm Republican Army - 1866 mpaka 1870
Pambuyo pa nkhondo pakati pa States, m'zaka za pakati pa 1866 ndi 1870, bungwe la Fenian Brotherhood la ku United States linalimbikitsa ndikupanga "Fenian Raids". Izi ndizo zowonjezereka kuukiridwa kwa maboma a Britain ndi miyambo ya ku Canada, inayamba ndi chiyembekezo chokakamiza Britain kuchoka ku Ireland. Zochitika zenizenizi zinkachitika ndi zida za a Fenians, ena omwe amavala yunifolomu yobiriwira (ndi zina zofanana ndi ma uniforms a gulu la Union) - mabatani omwe anali kusonyeza "IRA" ya Irish Republican Army. Komanso zizindikiro za moniker zomwe zikuoneka kuti zanyamulidwa (kapena zopangidwa).
Army Republican Army - 1916 mpaka 1920s
Nkhondo ya "Irish Republican Army" ya moniker (kapena matembenuzidwe angapo mofanana) inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya Isitala Kukwera kwa 1916, pamene magulu ankhondo a Odzipereka Achi Irish ndi a Irish Citizen Army anayesera kugonjetsa ulamuliro wa Britain ku Ireland.
Atagonjetsedwa, mabwinja a asilikali opandukawo adakonzedwanso ndipo kuchokera mu 1918 nthawi zonse amadzitcha kuti Irish Republican Army - asilikali a Ireland monga dziko lodzikuza. Kuchokera mu 1919 mpaka 1921, asilikali a Irish Republican Army anamenyana ndi mabungwe a Britain ku nkhondo ya asilikali, nkhondo ya Anglo-Ireland kapena nkhondo ya ku Independence ya ku Ireland.
Izi zitatha ndi Panganoli , zigawo za Irish Republican Army zinakhala magulu ankhondo a Free State, pomwe osagwirizana ndi magawanowo anapanga bungwe la anti-treaty Irish Republican Army ... lomwe linamenyana ndi asilikali a Free State. Ngakhale atagonjetsedwa, ambiri ku Armenia Army Army adanena kuti iwo, osati Dail Eireann, adaimira boma lenileni la Ireland.
Army Republican Army - Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwawa mpaka m'ma 1960
Ankhondo a Irish Republican Army anapitiriza kukhala pansi pamtunda pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwa nkhondo ya Irish Civil ndipo anali akukonzekera kukonzekera zigawenga. Kuphulika kwadzidzidzi, mabomba ndi mphukira zinachitika, ku Ireland ndi kunja. Pamene akupitiriza kunena kuti ndi "boma lenileni" komanso wotsitsimutsa dziko la Ireland monga 1916, dziko la Irish Republican Army kwenikweni linakhala chipolopolo cha maganizo, maganizo ndi zolinga. Kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi ndi kuchoka kwa achifundo achikomyunizimu kuti agwirizane ndi Nazi Germany (onse otetezedwa ndi oyambirira "mwa njira iliyonse yofunikira" chiphunzitso chomwe chimapanga mdani aliyense wa Britain ngati wothandizana naye). "Mpangidwe wamakono" m'zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi kumayambiriro kwa makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi makumi awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndizo zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza nkhondo ya Irish Republican Army.
Mzaka za m'ma 1960, Split - IRA yoyamba ndi IRA yothandiza
M'zaka za m'ma 1960, utsogoleri wa Army Republican Army unayambanso (maganizo) ndi malingaliro a Chikomyunizimu ndi Socialist, kuchotsa chiphunzitso chothandizira mbali ya Nationalist ndipo m'malo mwake amasankha kukonzanso zochitika zonse. Chimene sichidawoneka, makamaka chifukwa cha magulu achipembedzo ku Northern Ireland. Mu 1969, timagawidwe timagawanika.
Asilikali a Irish Republican Army anapitirizabe kulimbana ndi mabungwe a Britain mpaka 1972 ndipo adalengeza kuti padzakhala mpumulo wokhazikika. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, mitu yambiri yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndondomeko zandale zapolisi, kuyanjana mkati ndi mabungwe ena a Republican komanso kukhala nawo mbali m'ndondomeko yowonongeka. M'chaka cha 2010 zokha zinachotsedwa.
Army Republican Army , yomwe imadziwikanso kuti PIRA kapena "Provos", inachititsa zida zambiri zankhondo m'zaka zikubwerazi ndipo idakhazikitsa maziko amphamvu pazandale kudzera mwa Sinn Fein.
Ngakhale kuti ankachita nawo nkhondo polimbana ndi mabungwe a British, PIRA inagwirizananso ndi "zochitika zina" zomwe zingaoneke ngati zokhudzana ndi umbanda komanso kuwonetsetsa. Pomwe chuma cha Sinn Fein chinawonjezeka, PIRA adakhala wolakwa ndipo adakhulupirira kuti avomereza kuthawa mu 1997, zomwe zinatsogolera ku mgwirizano wa Lachisanu. Mu Julayi 2005, asilikali ankhondo a Irish Republican adalengeza za kutha kwa nkhondo yake ndi kupha zida zonse.
Gulu linanso lophwanyika linali asilikali a Irish National Liberation Army.
Atsutsana - CIRA ndi RIRA
Ndi mabungwe onse ovomerezeka ndi ovomerezeka a Irish Republican Army omwe amachokera ku bullet kuti apite kukamenyera, zomwe zimakhala zokhumudwitsidwa ndikuyamba kupatukana ndi "kale". Magulu angapo anapangidwa - nthawi zambiri siziwonekeratu ngati izi ndizosiyana, zomwe zikugwirizanitsa ndi zomwe cholinga chenicheni cha gululo ndi ... kupatukana kumapanga zomwe nthawi zambiri sizikufotokozedwa kuti "Free United Ireland".
Magulu awiri akuluakulu otsutsa boma amanena kuti dzina la Irish Republican Army ndi lovomerezeka:
- Kupitirizabe Irish Republican Army (Kupitirizabe IRA kapena CIRA) inakhazikitsidwa ngati gulu laling'ono la Pulogalamu ya IRA mu 1986, koma siinagwire ntchito mpaka PIRA yopsereza moto mu 1994. CIRA idakali ndi zida zamphamvu, mphamvu zake ndi zida zankhondo osadziwika. Mu mzimu weniweni wa Republicanism, CIRA inakhazikitsa magulu angapo ogawanika omwe amati ndiwo, IRA woona.
- Boma la Irish Republican Army (Real IRA kapena RIRA) ndi gulu lina lomwe linapatukana ndi Proposal IRA, pakali pano mu 1997 pambuyo pa chiwonetsero cha kutha kwa moto. RIRA ndilo lalikulu kwambiri komanso lokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi magawo osokoneza bongo. Anali ndi mlandu wopha anthu ku Omagh mu 1998.