Kwa anthu omwe akufuna kukafukulidwa pansi ndi palaeontology, pali zambiri ku Tanzania kuposa malo osungirako masewera komanso masewera okongola. Ali pamsewu wopita ku Ngorongoro Crater kupita ku Serengeti National Park , Olduvai Gorge (yomwe imadziwika kuti Oldupai Gorge) ndiye malo ofunika kwambiri pa paleoanthropological pa dziko lapansi, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zolemba zakale zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zamoyo zinachita kusintha.
Anthu oyendayenda kuderali akhoza kuphatikiza ulendo wopita ku Olduvai ndi ulendo wopita ku Shifting Sands, yomwe imayendayenda kudutsa m'chipululu pamtunda wa mamita 55/17 chaka chilichonse.
Kufunika kwa Kalei
M'zaka za m'ma 1930, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale Louis ndi Mary Leakey adayamba kufufuza zinthu zakale ku Olduvai Gorge atatha kuona zofukula zakale zakale zakale zapitazo ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale a ku Germany Hans Reck. Kwa zaka makumi asanu zotsatira, Leakeys anapeza zinthu zochititsa chidwi zambiri zomwe zinasintha malingaliro a dziko lapansi kuti ndife ochokera pati, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti mtundu wa anthu umachokera ku Africa yekha. Zina mwazofunikira kwambiri pazipezazi ndi Manutchecker, dzina loperekedwa kwa mabwinja a Paranthropus boisei wamwamuna omwe amawerengedwa kukhala 1.75 miliyoni zaka.
Ma Leakeys adapezanso umboni wotsimikizirika woyamba wa mitundu ina ya hominid, Homo habilis ; komanso chuma cha zinyama zakutchire ndi zidutswa zamakono zoyambirira za anthu.
Mu 1976, Mary Leakey adapezanso zowonongeka za malo otchedwa Laetoli, malo omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 45 kum'mwera kwa chigwacho. Mapazi awa, osungidwa phulusa ndipo amakhulupirira kuti anali a kholo lathu Australopithecus afarensis , kutsimikizira kuti mitundu ya hominid inayenda miyendo iwiri pa nthawi ya Pliocene, zaka 3.7 miliyoni zapitazo.
Pa nthawi ya kupeza, ichi chinali chitsanzo choyamba cha hominid.
Kupita ku Gorge Oldenii
Masiku ano, malo ochezera a Leakeys adakali ogwira ntchito, ndipo akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ochokera kunthaka zonse akupitirizabe kufotokozera zinsinsi zomwe zimayambira. Alendo ku dera la Olduvai akhoza kuwona malo awa ofufuzira omwe akuyang'aniridwa ndi mtsogoleri wawo. Pamwamba pa chigwacho, pali nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, yomwe inapezeka m'ma 1970 ndi Mary Leakey ndipo inakonzedwa m'ma 1990 ndi gulu lochokera ku Getty Museum. Ngakhale kuti nyumbayi ndi yochepa, malo osungirako zinthu zakale ndi osangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo zipinda zingapo zimaperekedwa kuti zifotokoze za paleoanthropological.
Pano, mudzapeza zojambula za hominid ndi fossils, komanso zida zakale zomwe tsopano zimatchedwa Oldowan (mawu omwe amatembenuzidwa monga 'kuchokera ku Olduvai Gorge'). Zida zimenezi zikuyimira ntchito yamakono yoyamba yamatabwa yodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya makolo athu. Pofuna kuteteza zoyambirirazo, zambiri zakale zokhazikitsidwa pazithunzi zimayambira, kuphatikizapo za mapewa oyambirira a hominid. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chiwonetserocho zimaphatikizapo zolemba zazikulu za Laetoli Footprints, komanso zithunzi zambiri za banja la Leakey likugwira ntchito kumalo oyamba ofukula.
Kale Old Gorge Gorge imatchedwa kuti Oldupai Gorge, yomwe ndi yomveka bwino mawu a Maasai chifukwa cha chomera chachilengedwe cha sisal.
Kuyendera Sands Shifting
Amene akufuna kupanga tsikuli ayenera kuganizira kumpoto kwa Gorge Olduvai kupita ku Shifting Sands. Pano, dune lakuda la phulusa lakuda imayenda mofulumira m'chigwacho pamtunda wa mamita 55/17 mamita pachaka pansi pa mphamvu ya mphepo yamtunda. Maasai amakhulupirira kuti phulusa linachokera ku phiri la Ol Doinyo Lengai, malo opatulika omwe dzina lawo limamasuliridwa mu Chingerezi ngati Mountain of God. Patsiku lomveka bwino, phiri lopangidwa ndi khungu lochititsa chidwi limatha kuwona patali kuchokera ku Olduvai Gorge.
Atafika ku chigwacho, phulusa la mapiri linakhazikika, kusonkhanitsa pafupi ndi mwala umodzi ndiyeno kukulumikiza kuti ukhale dune wochititsa chidwi kwambiri lero.
Mchenga uli ndi chitsulo chochuluka kwambiri ndipo umakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, kotero kuti umadzimangirira wokha pamene ukuponyedwa mlengalenga - chodabwitsa chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala ndi mwayi wojambula zithunzi . Mvula imakhala yovuta kupeza chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake, ndipo nthawi zambiri ulendo wopita kumeneko umaphatikizapo kuyendetsa galimoto kunja. Zotsatira zake, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muziyenda ndi ndondomeko yapafupi ndi / kapena dalaivala. Ali panjira, musaiwale kuti muyang'ane pamasewero omasuka.