Spain ndi ufumu wadziko lapansi ndi madera odzilamulira
Boma la tsopano la Spain ndi ulamuliro wa pulezidenti womwe umakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo a dziko la Spain, omwe adavomerezedwa mu 1978 ndipo amakhazikitsa boma lokhala ndi nthambi zitatu: executive, legislative, and judicial. Mtsogoleri wa boma ndi Mfumu Felipe VI, yemwe ndi mfumu yobadwa. Koma mtsogoleri weniweni wa boma ndi pulezidenti, kapena nduna yaikulu, yemwe ndi mkulu wa nthambi yaikulu ya boma.
Amasankhidwa ndi mfumu koma ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi nthambi ya boma.
Mfumu
Mtsogoleri wa dziko la Spain, Mfumu Felipe VI, analowa m'malo mwa bambo ake, Juan Carlos II, m'chaka cha 2014. Juan Carlos anakhala mfumu mu 1975 pamene Francisco Franco, yemwe anali wolamulira wankhanza wa asilikali, anamwalira, yemwe anagonjetsa ufumu wake mu 1931 . Franco anabwezeretsa ufumuwo asanamwalire. Juan Carlos, mdzukulu wa Alfonso XIII, yemwe anali mfumu yotsiriza pamaso pa Franco ataphwanya boma, nthawi yomweyo anayamba kubwezeretsa ufumu watsopano ku Spain, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti dziko la Spain likhazikitsidwe m'chaka cha 1978. Juan Carlos adatsutsa pa June 2, 2014.
Nduna Yaikulu
M'Chisipanishi, mtsogoleri wosankhidwa amatchulidwa kuti el presidente . Komabe, izi zikusocheretsa. Presidente , mu nkhaniyi, ndi yochepa kwa Presidente del Gobierno de Espana, kapena pulezidenti wa boma la Spain.
Udindo wake ndi wosiyana ndi wa pulezidenti wa United States kapena wa France; M'malo mwake, zikufanana ndi za nduna yaikulu ya United Kingdom. Pofika mu 2018, nduna yaikulu ndi Mariano Rajoy.
Legislature
Nthambi ya malamulo ku Spain, Cortes Generales, ili ndi nyumba ziwiri.
Nyumba yapansi ndi Congress of Deputies, ndipo ili ndi mamembala okwana 350. Nyumba yapamwamba, Senate, ili ndi mamembala osankhidwa ndi oimira magulu 17 a dziko la Spain. Kukula kwa umembala wake kumasiyana malinga ndi chiwerengero cha anthu; Pofika mu 2018, panali abusa 266.
Woweruza
Nthambi ya ku Spain ikulamulidwa ndi aphungu ndi oweruza omwe ali pa General Council. Pali makhoti angapo a milandu, ndipo pamwamba pake pali Supreme Court. Khoti Lalikulu la Dziko Lonse liri ndi ulamuliro pa Spain, ndipo dera lililonse lodzilamulira liri ndi khoti lake. Khoti Lalikulu la Constitutional ndi losiyana ndi milandu ndikukhazikitsanso nkhani zokhudzana ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino komanso mikangano pakati pa milandu ya dziko ndi yodzilamulira yomwe imasintha mfundo za malamulo.
Madera Ovomerezeka
Boma la Spain limakhala lokhazikika, ndi madera okwana 17 ndi mizinda iwiri yokhazikika, yomwe imakhala ndi ulamuliro waukulu pazokha, ndipo boma la Spain likufooka. Aliyense ali ndi malamulo ake komanso nthambi yoyang'anira. Spain ikugawanika kwambiri ndale, ndi mapiko a kumanzere ndi mapiko, maphwando atsopano ndi okalamba, ndi federalalists ndi otsutsana nawo. Kuwonongeka kwachuma kwa dziko la 2008 ndi kugulitsa ndalama ku Spain kwachulukitsa magawano ndipo kunachititsa kuti madera ena azikhala odzilamulira.
Phokoso mu Catalonia
Dziko la Catalonia ndi dera lamphamvu la Spain, lomwe ndi lolemera kwambiri komanso lopindulitsa kwambiri. Chilankhulo chake ndi Chi Catalan, ndi Chisipanishi, ndi ChiCatalani ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti adziwe chigawochi. Mzinda wake waukulu, Barcelona, ndi malo ogwira ntchito zokopa alendo omwe ndi otchuka chifukwa cha luso ndi zomangamanga.
Mu 2017, galimoto yoyendetsera ufulu inayamba ku Catalonia, ndi atsogoleri akutsatira ndondomeko yonse ya ufulu wa chi Catalan mu October. Referendum inathandizidwa ndi 90 peresenti ya ovotera ku Catalonia, koma Khoti Loona za Malamulo la ku Spain linanena kuti siloletsedwa, ndipo apolisi adagwidwa ndi apolisi ndi apolisi. Pa October 27, nyumba yamalamulo ya ku Catalan inalengeza ufulu wake kuchokera ku Spain, koma boma la Spain ku Madrid linathetsa bwalo lamilandu ndipo linayitanitsa chisankho china mu December pa mipando yonse ku Parliament.
Mabungwe odziimira okhawo adagonjetsa mipando yambiri koma osati mavoti ambiri, ndipo izi sizinathetsedwe kuyambira mu February 2018.
Ulendo wopita ku Catalonia
Mu October 2017, Dipatimenti ya boma ya ku United States inapereka uthenga wotetezera anthu okafika ku Catalonia chifukwa cha chisokonezo cha ndale kumeneko. Bungwe la US ambassy ku Madrid ndi Consulate General ku Barcelona linanena kuti anthu a ku America ayenera kuyembekezera kuti apolisi akuwonjezeka ndipo akudziwa kuti ziwonetsero zamtendere zingakhale zachiwawa nthawi iliyonse chifukwa cha mikangano yambiri m'deralo. Bungwe la ambassy komanso bungwe la consulate wamkulu adanenanso kuti angayembekezere kusokonezeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kazengerezi ngati mukuyenda ku Catalonia Chenjezo la chitetezochi silinaphatikize tsiku lomaliza, ndipo oyendayenda ayenera kuganiza kuti lidzapitirira mpaka mkhalidwe wa ndale ku Catalonia watsimikiziridwa.