The Quintessential Louisiana Dish
Gumbo mwinamwake ndilo labwino kwambiri la Louisiana. Pali kusiyana kwakuwiri kawiri pa chulukidwe cholemera ngati pali mabanja mu boma, ndipo aliyense amaganiza kuti njira ya banja lawo ndi yabwino. Koma kodi ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Nchiyani chimapangitsa kukhala chosiyana kusiyana ndi msuzi wokhazikika? Ndi kusiyana kwanji komwe kuli kofala kwambiri? Tiye kukumba mozama.
Mbiri Yofulumira
"Gumbo" inayamba kusindikizidwa nthawi yoyambirira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18, koma poyamba idatchula za mbale yomwe inkangowonjezera okra.
Mbale ndi mgwirizano wokha wokha wa ku Africa, Wachibadwidwe, Wamasipanishi, wa Chijeremani, ndi wa French. Dzina lakuti "gumbo" mwachiwonekere limachokera ku Bantu (West African) liwu la chinenero la okra, "kingombo," kapena mawu a Choctaw akuti "filimu".
Kotero nchiani mu Gumbo, Mwinamwake?
Chimene chimapangitsa gumbo gumbo kukhala wonyenga komanso kungakhale mikangano pakati pa anthu a ku Louisiana omwe amatsimikiza kuti njira yawo ndi yoyenera. Magumbo onse ali ndi zinthu zofanana, ngakhale. Poyambira, nthawi zonse amakhala okhudzidwa ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:
- Msuzi wamdima (mafuta osakaniza ndi ufa, wophika pang'onopang'ono pa stovetop)
- Okra (masamba omwe amatembenukira slimy ndi viscous pamene yophika)
- Wothira ufa (spice ndi thickening wothandizidwa wopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba ouma sassafras)
A
Mafilimu amawonjezeredwa ku gumbo atachotsedwa kutentha, koma nkhumba ndi okra zimawonjezeka panthawi yophika.
Zosakaniza za Gumbo zimaphatikizapo nyama, nyama, nkhuku, soseji, ndi nkhono, ngakhale zimakhala zosiyana malinga ndi kusiyana kwa m'madera, nyengo zomwe zimakhalapo, zofuna za banja, ndi zokometsera za mtsogoleri.
Nthawi yothirira masamba nthawi zonse ndi Utatu Woyera wa Cajun cuisine: udzu winawake, anyezi, ndi tsabola wobiriwira, ndipo izi zimakhetsedwa bwino ndipo zophikidwa mpaka zikadziwikiranso.
Ophika ena amatha kuwonjezera adyo kapena tsabola wofiira, ndi zina zotchedwa tomato.
Zomera zamasamba ndi zonunkhira zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri, koma nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi mchere, tsabola wa cayenne, ndi tsabola wakuda, ndipo angaphatikizepo tsabola woyera, masamba a bay, thyme, parsley, kapena ena.
Gumbo Inaperekedwa Bwanji?
Gumbo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mpunga (kapena m'mphepete mwa mpunga), ndipo kawirikawiri, mpunga wa Louisiana umaphikidwa ndi cholinga chopangira mbewu zamtundu umodzi zomwe siziphatikizana pamodzi. Nkhuku ya Cajun ndi soseji ya gumbo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi mbali yowonjezera, saladi ya mbatata, yomwe anthu ena adzaphatikizana ndi gumbo pachilonda chilichonse. Ophika ena amawaza anyezi odulidwa kapena parsley pamwamba pa mbale iliyonse ya gumbo ngati zokongoletsa.
Kodi Gumbo Amamwa Bwanji?
Ngati simunayambe mwakhalapo kale, mutha kuyembekezera kuti pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya gumbo idzakhala ndi fodya winawake wolemera. Izi zimachokera ku roux yamdima. Mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi soseji idzakhala yovuta kwambiri, monga sosiille soseji ndi mitundu ina yosuta fodya ndi gumbo soseti wosankha. Zina za nsomba zimapangidwa opanda roux, ndipo mwachiwonekere sizikhala ndi mdima wofanana.
Okra gumbo ingakhale yochepa kapena yochepa, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa okra yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati mawonekedwewa akukuvutitsani (zomwe zingakhale choncho ngati simukukonda oyster kapena bowa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo), musamange okra gumbo. Filé gumbo ndi yolemera ndipo ili ndi nthaka yabwino komanso yosadziwika bwino (ngati mungathe, yesani kulingalira mowa wosasakaniza - sassafras ndikumapangidwanso kwa mzu wa mowa, ndipo amagawana dziko lapansi).
Gumbo amawoneka bwino, koma nthawi zambiri samatentha-pakamwa panu zokometsera. Ngati simukuzoloŵera zakudya zokometsera zokha, mungapeze kuti zatentha kwambiri chifukwa cha zokonda zanu, koma ndizosavuta kwambiri zokometsera zowonjezera kuposa zophika zambiri zomwe mungapeze pa malo odyera achi Indian kapena Thai. Mofanana ndi zakudya zambiri za Cajun ndi Creole, gumbo imatumikiridwa ndi masukisi osiyanasiyana otentha patebulo, kotero mutha kuzibweretsa pazomwe mumakonda.
Zina za Gumbo:
Creole Gumbo ndi mitundu yambiri yopezeka ku New Orleans.
Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mzere wamatope ndipo imanyamula nkhuku, soseji, nkhono, okra, utatu, ndipo nthawi zina tomato.
Cajun Chicken ndi Sausage Gumbo amapezeka ku New Orleans ndi ku Southern Louisiana, ali ndi chiwerengero chosapitirira chazing'ono. Lili ndi maziko a roux, ali ndi nkhuku ndi soseji ndi utatu. Nthawi zina amatumikiridwa ndi fayilo phala patebulo, kuwonjezera pa luntha lanu. Ku Evangeline ndi kuzungulira St. Landry Parishes, nkhuku ndi soseji gumbo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mazira ophika kwambiri.
Zakudya za m'nyanja za Gweru zimasiyana kwambiri monga momwe mungaganizire, koma nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo ma shrimp, nkhanu, ndi oyster, komanso nsomba iliyonse ya "catch of day" kapena sofifiish, komanso nthawi zina soseji. Zimapangidwa ndi nsomba ndipo zimakhala ngati nsomba (ngati mukuyang'ana mbale yofiira nsomba, iyi si yanu). Zimapangidwa ndi maziko a roux, ndipo okra ndizosankha malinga ndi dera kapena nyengo. Zakudya zodyeramo gumbo zili ndi zinthu zofanana ndi bouillabaisse, ndipo akatswiri olemba mbiri yakale akhala akugwirizana pakati pa awiriwa.
Gumbo ya Herbes ndiyo gumbo yomwe imaphwanya malamulo onse. Sikuti gumbo ndi matanthawuzo omwe ndawafotokozera, koma akukhala ndi dzina la gumbo kwa zaka mazana angapo, kotero ndani angatsutsane. Msuzi umenewu, womwe mwina umagwirizana ndi calloo ya Caribbean, ndi msuzi wosadya nyama womwe umapangidwa ndi zosakaniza za masamba osiyana, kuphika ndi kusungunuka mu madzi olemera, okoma kwambiri omwe ndiwotchuka kwambiri kwa nyengo yopanda nyama ya Lenten. Dzinali, limatchulidwa ngati "Gumbo zebu" limachokera ku French "gumbo to herbes," kutanthauza "gumbo yopangidwa ndi masamba."