Ngakhale poopseza uchigawenga, Ulaya ndi malo ovuta kwambiri
Chifukwa cha zida zaposachedwa ku Belgium ndi France, European Union ndi United States akhalabe atcheru kwambiri chifukwa cha zigawenga zam'tsogolo. Pa March 3, Dipatimenti ya Boma inaperekanso chenjezo padziko lonse kwa amwenye a ku America, akuchenjeza "... magulu achigawenga monga ISIL ndi al-Qaida ndi anzake akupitirizabe kukonza chiwembu ku Ulaya." Ponseponse ku Ulaya, mayiko ambiri - kuphatikizapo Belgium, France, Germany, ndi Spain - akhala akuopsezedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zigaŵenga.
Kuopa kumeneku kunakwaniritsidwa pamene anthu atatu omwe anaukira zidawombera m'mabomba awiri mumzinda wa Brussels, likulu la Belgium, pa March 22, 2016.
Chifukwa cha nkhaŵa yakuti chiwonongeko china chayandikira, kodi anthu oyenda m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ayenera kuyesa kuchotsa tchuthi lawo la ku Ulaya? Ngakhale kuti zigawenga zikuchitika nthawi zonse kudera la European subcontinent, mayiko akumadzulo ali ndi mbiri yochepa ya chiwawa kuposa mbali zina za dziko lapansi. Asanayambe kufotokozera, oyendayenda ayenera kuganizira zinthu zonse kuti apange chisankho chophunzitsidwa za ulendo wawo wotsatira.
Mbiri yosasokonezeka ya uchigawenga wamakono ku Ulaya
Kuyambira pa September 11 Masoka ku United States, dzikoli lakhala likuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhanza zauchigawenga. Ngakhale kuti America yakhala ikudziwika kwambiri ndi zigawenga, Ulaya adaonanso kugawidwa kwawo kwabwino. Malingana ndi deta yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa ndi The Economist , a ku Ulaya apulumuka ku zigawenga 23 zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu awiri kapena anafa pakati pa 2001 ndi January 2015.
Chifukwa cha zida zaposachedwa ku Belgium, Denmark ndi France, chiwerengerocho chasamukira 26.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zida zonsezi sizinayende ndi chipembedzo choopsa. Kuphatikizapo zida zaposachedwapa ku France ndi ku Belgium, okakamizidwa ndi Asilamu adangopereka zipolowe zokhazokha zokhazokha, zomwe zimaimira chiwerengero chapakati pa theka la chiwawa.
Mwa iwo, kuukira kwakukulu kunali kuphulika kwa mabomba ku Madrid mu 2004, kuzunzidwa kwa anthu ku London mu 2006, ndi kuukiridwa kwaposachedwa ku France ndi Belgium. Zina zonse zinagawanika pakati pa zipolopolo zandale, kayendedwe kodzipatula, kapena zifukwa zosadziŵika.
Kodi Ulaya amafananitsa bwanji ndi malo ena?
Ngakhale kuti maulendo okwana 1.6 amatha chaka chilichonse, dziko la European subcontinent ndilo padziko lonse lapansi padziko lonse lapansi. Ofesi ya United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Global Study on Homicide inapeza kuti ku Ulaya anthu ambiri akupha ndi anthu 3.0 okha pa 100,000. Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chophanda chinali 6.2 pa 100,000 anthu, ndipo malo ena omwe amapita kukawombera ali pangozi. Amereka (kuphatikizapo United States) amatsogolera dziko lonse ndi 16.3 kupha anthu 100,000, pomwe Africa ili ndi 12.5 kupha anthu 100,000.
Ponena za kuzunzidwa kwa munthu ndiyekha, mayiko a ku Ulaya nayenso amaikapo chiwerengero chodziŵika bwino. UNODC imati chiwawa ndi "... kuvulaza thupi la munthu wina chifukwa cha kuvulala kwakukulu." Mu 2013, dziko la United States linalengeza zoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi , kulembetsa zipolowe zoposa 724,000 - kapena 226 pa 100,000. Ngakhale kuti Germany ndi United Kingdom zonsezo zinakhala zapamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zonse, chiŵerengero chawo chinali chochepa kwambiri kuposa mayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi.
Mitundu ina imene inanena chiwerengero chachikulu cha ziwawa ndi Brazil, India, Mexico, ndi Colombia .
Kodi ndizotheka kupita ku Ulaya ndi mpweya ndi nthaka?
Ngakhale kuti zigawenga za ku Belgium zinkamenyana ndi mabwalo oyendetsa galimoto, kuphatikizapo Brussels Airport ndi sitima yapansi panthaka, anthu ogulitsa katundu wadziko lonse amakhalabe njira yotetezera dziko lonse lapansi. Kugonjetsedwa kwauchigawenga kotsirizira pa ndege ya zamalonda kunachitika pa October 31, 2015, pamene ndege ya MetroJet ndege ya ku Russia inaphedwa bomba atachoka ku Igupto. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ndege zambiri za ku Ulaya zinachepetsanso ndondomeko zawo zopita ku maofesi a ndege ku Igupto.
Otsatira anayesa kubomba mabomba kuchokera ku Ulaya kupita ku United States mu 2009, pamene Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab wazaka 23 anayesera kutulutsa chipangizo cha pulasitiki chobisika m'zovala zake.
Ngakhale zaka zotsatila zitapeza chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha zida zomwe zikuyesera kudutsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka Transportation Security Administration , kuwonanso kwa ndege ya zamalonda sikunayambe.
Ponena za kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kozungulira padziko lapansi, chitetezo chikhalebe chofunikira kwambiri. Malinga ndi deta yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi US Department of Transportation, chochitika chachikulu chomalizira m'mabwalo oyendetsa galimoto asanayambe kuchitika ku Brussels, ku Spain. Anthu okwana 1,500 anavulazidwa chifukwa cha mabomba okonzedwa bwino.
Ngakhale kudandaula kwa zonyamulira zodziwika ndizoona, oyendayenda ayenera kuzindikira kuti izi sizili mbali yachizolowezi ya moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku . Anthu omwe amawona kuti akhoza kuwopsya kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, ayenera kulankhulana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo, ndikukonzekera dongosolo lokhazikitsa chitetezo asanakwere.
Kodi ndingatani kuti ndisawononge tchuthi ku Ulaya?
Kamodzi mukayenda ulendo, njira zomwe oyendayenda akuchotsa zimakhala zochepa ndi zifukwa zingapo. Komabe, ngati chochitika chotsimikiziridwa, pali njira zingapo omwe oyendayenda angasinthe mapulani awo asananyamuke kapena atachoka.
Othawa amene amagula tikiti yowonjezera (nthawi zina amatchedwa "Y Ticket") amatha kusintha kwambiri paulendo wawo. Pansi pa malamulo amenewa, oyendayenda nthawi zambiri amasintha njira zawo pa mtengo wochepa, kapena amalepheretsa ulendo wawo kubwezera. Komabe, kumbali yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mpikisanowu ndi mtengo: Titi yokwanira yogula ndalama ikhoza kutsika kwambiri kuposa omwe akugula tikiti yopanda ndalama.
Njira ina ikuphatikizapo kugula inshuwalansi yaulendo patsogolo pa ulendo. Pokhala ndi inshuwalansi yaulendo woyendayenda, oyendayenda amalandira phindu kuti achotse ulendo wawo pangozi yadzidzidzi, kubwezeredwa chifukwa cha ndalama zosayembekezereka chifukwa cha ulendo kuchedwa, kapena kuteteza katundu wawo mu ndege. Ngakhale kuti zinthu zambiri zomwe zimachitika zimapezeka ndi inshuwalansi yaulendo, zizindikiro zawo zowonjezera zingakhale zochepa. Mu ndondomeko zambiri, maulendo amatha kupempha chigamulo chawo chauchigawenga ngati chochitikacho chikunenedwa kuti chikuukiridwa ndi boma .
Pamapeto pake, ngati chochitika chauchigawenga, ndege zambiri zingapereke alendo kuti athetse kapena kusintha malingaliro awo. Atangomenyana ndi ku Brussels, mabomba atatu akuluakulu a ku America adapereka maulendo othawa maulendo awo paulendo wawo, kuwapangitsa kukhala osinthasintha kuti apitirize ulendo wawo kapena kuwachotsa kwathunthu. Asanadalire phindu limeneli, apaulendo amayenera kufufuza ndi ndege yawo kuti adziwe zambiri za lamulo lawo lakutsutsa.
Ndingateteze bwanji tchuthi changa ku Ulaya?
Akatswiri ambiri amati alendo ayenera kuganizira kugula inshuwalansi asanakwatire, kuti ateteze chitetezo chawo. Nthaŵi zambiri, apaulendo ali kale ndi inshuwalansi yaulendo ngati ayesa ulendo wawo pa khadi la ngongole zomwe zimapatsa ogulitsa chitetezo . Ngati iwo satero, pangakhale nthawi yoganizira kugula ndondomeko ya inshuwalansi ya anthu ena.
Kenaka, munthu aliyense woyendayenda ayenera kuganizira dongosolo lake la chitetezo asanatuluke komanso pamene akupita. Ndondomeko yoyenera chitetezo iyenera kuphatikizapo kupanga chida choyendetsa maulendo ndi zikalata zofunikira, kulembera pulogalamu ya Dipatimenti Yowunikira Otsogolera Smart Traveler (STEP), ndikusunga manambala odzidzidzi kwa malo omwe mukupita. Oyendayenda amayenera kusunga chiwerengero cha ambassy yawo yoyandikana nayo, ndipo adziwe zomwe mabungwe am'deralo angathe kuchita komanso sangathe kupereka nzika kunja.
Potsirizira pake, iwo omwe akuda nkhawa za chitetezo chawo chonse ayenera kulingalira kugula inshuwalansi yaulendo ndi Kuletsa chifukwa china chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa ulendo wawo. Mwa kuwonjezera Kapepala pa ndondomeko iliyonse ya Kukambitsirana, apaulendo akhoza kulandira malipiro ochepa paulendo wawo woyendayenda ngati asankha kuti asapite ulendo. Kuti mudziwe zowonjezera, inshuwalansi zambiri zoyendetsa galimoto zidzalipiritsa ndalama zina kuti muwonjezere Chithandizo pa Chifukwa chirichonse ndipo mufunse kuti apaulendo agulitse mapulani awo mkati mwa masiku 14 kapena 21 pa ulendo wawo woyamba.
Ngakhale kuti palibe amene angateteze chitetezo, oyendayenda akhoza kutenga njira zambiri kuti athetse chitetezo chawo kunja. Pozindikira zowopsya zamakono ku Ulaya komanso momwe zilili panopa, oyendetsa zamakono angathe kutsimikiza kuti apanga chisankho chabwino pa ulendo wawo pakadali pano komanso m'tsogolo.