National Mall , monga maziko apamwamba a Washington DC, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mzinda wa Washington kukhala mpando wosatha wa boma la United States. Malo a anthu omwe masiku ano amadziwika kuti Mall anasintha ndi kukula kwa mzinda ndi mtunduwo. Zotsatira ndichidule mwachidule cha mbiri ndi chitukuko cha National Mall.
Mapulani a L'Enfant ndi National Mall
Mu 1791, Purezidenti George Washington anasankha Pierre Charles L'Enfant, wojambula nyumba wa ku America wa ku America ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga, kuti apange dera la makilomita khumi ndi limodzi (Capital of Columbia).
Misewu ya mumzindayi inkaikidwa mu gridi kumpoto-kum'mwera ndi kummawa-kumadzulo ndi "njira zazikuru" zogawanika zomwe zikudutsa galasi ndi mabwalo ndi malo otsekemera omwe amalola malo omasuka kuti azikhala ndi zikumbutso. L'Enfant ankaganiza kuti "yaikulu" ikuyenda pafupifupi 1 kilomita kutalika pakati pa Capitol Building ndi fano la equestrian la George Washington kuti liyike kumwera kwa White House (komwe kuli ku Monument Washington ).
Mapulani a McMillan a 1901-1902
Mu 1901, Senator James McMillan wa ku Michigan anapanga komiti ya okonza mapulani, okonza mapulani, ndi ojambula kuti apange dongosolo latsopano la Mall. Ndondomeko ya McMillan inakambidwa ndi dongosolo loyambirira la mzinda ndi L'Enfant ndipo linakhazikitsa National Mall yomwe tikuidziwa lero. Ndondomekoyi imayitananso kuti malo a Capitol Grounds akonzedwenso, kukweza Mall kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera kuti apange West ndi East Potomac Park, kusankha malo ku Lincoln Memorial ndi Jefferson Memorial ndikusamutsa sitima ya mumzinda ( Union Station ). mu katatu, yomwe ili ndi Pennsylvania Avenue, 15th Street, ndi National Mall (Federal Triangle).
National Mall m'zaka za m'ma 1900
Pakatikatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1900, The Mall inakhala malo athu oyamba pa zikondwerero, zikondwerero, ziwonetsero ndi misonkhano. Zochitika zodziwika zakhala zikuphatikizidwa mu 1963 March ku Washington, 1995 Million Man March, 2007 Iraq War Protest, Opaleshoni ya Rolling Thunder, Presidential Inaugurations ndi zina zambiri.
M'zaka zonse zapitazi, Smithsonian Institution inamanga masamisiyamita padziko lonse lapansi (khumi ndi amodzi lero) pa National Mall yopatsa anthu mwayi wopezeka ku zokolola zomwe zimachokera ku tizilombo ndi meteorites kupita ku malo osungiramo zinthu. Zikumbutso zadziko zinamangidwa m'zaka zonse zapitazi kuti zilemekeze anthu omwe amawathandiza kuti apange dziko lathu.
National Mall Today
Anthu oposa 25 miliyoni amapita ku National Mall chaka chilichonse ndipo ndondomeko ikufunika kuti likhalebe likulu la dzikoli. Mu 2010, bungwe la National Mall Plan linasindikizidwa mwakhama kuti likhazikike ndi kubwezeretsanso zipatala ndi zowonongeka pa National Mall kotero kuti zikhoza kupitiriza kukhala ntchito yowunikira mibadwo yotsatira. Chikhulupiliro cha National Mall chinakhazikitsidwa kuti chigawidwe ndi anthu popanga ndondomeko yokwaniritsa zosowa za anthu a ku America ndikuthandiza National Park Service.
Zolemba Zakale Zomwe Zikuchitika Zomwe Zikuchitika
- Ntchito yomanga Nyumba ya Capitol inayamba mu 1793.
- Smithsonian Institution inakhazikitsidwa ndi Congress mu 1847.
- Ntchito yomanga Chikumbutso cha Washington inayamba mu 1848 koma siidakwaniritsidwe mpaka 1884.
- Station Station inamangidwa mu 1907 monga gawo la McMillan Plan, kulola kuchotsedwa kwa njira zosavuta kuganizira pa Mall ndi kuthetsa kufunikira kwa malo otchedwa Baltimore & Ohio Railroad omwe anali pa tsamba la National Gallery la Art.
- Mitengo ya Cherry yomwe inapatsidwa kwa dziko la Japan inabzalidwa kuzungulira Tidal Basin mu 1912.
- Chikumbutso cha Lincoln chinadzipatulira mu 1922.
- Chikumbutso cha Thomas Jefferson chinamalizidwa mu 1939
Mabungwe ndi Authority for the National Mall
- Advisory Council pa Historic Preservation (ACHP) - Bungwe la federal limalangiza Purezidenti ndi Congress pa ndondomeko yosungira mbiri ya dziko lonse.
- Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) - Komiti, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1910, ikulangizitsa za mapangidwe ndi zokongoletsera za zomangamanga kuti zisungidwe likulu la dzikoli.
- Komiti ya National Capital Planning (NCPC) - Boma la federal, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1924, limapereka malangizo pazinthu zomwe zimakhudza likulu la dzikoli ndi madera ozungulira.
- National Park Service / National Capital Region (NPS / NCR) Mzinda Wachigawo wa Washington) Monga ofesi ya Dipatimenti ya Zanyumba za ku United States, National Park Service imasamalira ndipo imapereka chithandizo ku mapiri a ku America.