01 pa 11
Mission Santa Cruz
Mission Santa Cruz inali khumi ndi ziwiri yomwe inamangidwa ku California, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa September 25, 1791, ndi Bambo Fermin Lasuen . Dzina lakuti Mission Santa Cruz amatanthauza Holy Cross Mission.
Mfundo Zokondweretsa za Mission Santa Cruz
Mission Santa Cruz ankadziwika kuti ndi "ntchito yachangu." Lero, liri ndi chitsanzo chokha chotsalira cha nyumba zaku India ku California.
Kodi Mission Santa Cruz Ili Kuti?
Mpingo wa Mission Santa Cruz uli pafupi ndi 126 High Street (yomwe ndi adilesi ya mpingo wapafupi). Mukhoza kupeza adiresi, maora, ndi maulendo pa Webusaiti ya Mission Santa Cruz.
Pafupi ndi mpingo wakale wa mission ndi Mission Santa Cruz Historic Park ku 144 School Street.Iwo ali okhawo a Indian neophyte quarters ku California. Mukhoza kupeza zambiri zokhudza kuyendera pa webusaiti ya State Park.
02 pa 11
Mission Santa Cruz M'kati
Anthu amtchalitchi omwe amayendera lero ndi kubereka, pafupi theka la kukula kwake.
03 a 11
Mission Santa Cruz Kumbuyo ndi Choir Loft
Malo okwera oyimbira mu tchalitchi chaumishonale ali kumbuyo, omwe amapezeka nthawi.
04 pa 11
Mission Santa Cruz Zomangamanga Zachiyambi
Iyi ndi nyumba yokha yomwe yatsala imayimilira kuyambira ku Mission Santa Cruz, yomwe tsopano ili ku paki yapamwamba. Posakhalitsa ntchitoyi itatseka, inakhala gawo la malo ogona ndipo inali ndi denga, yomwe idasungira matabwa a adobe matope kuti asagwedezeke mvula.
05 a 11
Mission Santa Cruz Indian Sleeping Area
Bedi ili ndilo gawo lokhalo lokhalo la anthu okhala ku India kuyambira nthawi ya mission ya California.
06 pa 11
Mission Santa Cruz Indian Quarters
Izi zimapereka lingaliro la momwe banja lachimwenye liyenera kuti linakhalira ku msonkhano wa ku Spain ku California.
07 pa 11
Mbiri ya Santa Cruz Mission ndi Branciforte: 1769-1799
Mu 1774, Bambo Palou anasankha malo amishonale pafupi ndi mtsinje wopita m'nyanja. Pa August 28, 1791, Bambo Fermin Lasuen adakweza mtanda pamene Santa Cruz Mission adzamangidwa.
Pa September 25 a chaka chimenecho, Abambo Salazar ndi Lopez adayambitsa chikondwererocho.
Zaka Zakale za Santa Cruz Mission Mission
Mautumiki akale anatumiza mphatso kuti ayambe yatsopano. Nyumba zinamangidwa, ndipo amwenye adakula. Pasanathe miyezi itatu, panali 87 neophytes .
Ntchito ya Santa Cruz Mission inachita bwino zaka zake zoyambirira. Pambuyo pa kusefukira kwa madzi, abambo adasunthira kumtunda kupita kumalo osatha, ndipo Amwenye ambiri anadza.
Mu 1796, Santa Cruz Mission inapanga zakudya zokwana 1,200 za tirigu, mabasi 600 a chimanga ndi mabasi 6 a nyemba. Anabzala minda ya mpesa ndikuleta ng'ombe ndi nkhosa. Malo awo anachokera ku Ano Nuevo kum'mwera ku mtsinje wa Pajaro. Antchito achimwene ankapanga nsalu, zikopa, njerwa za adobe ndi matabwa a padenga, ndipo ankagwira ntchito ngati osula.
A Indian Indians anabwera ku Santa Cruz Mission kukagwira ntchito ndi kupita ku tchalitchi, koma ambiri a iwo amakhalabe m'midzi yawo yoyandikana nayo. Pofika mu 1796, panali neophytes 500.
Santa Cruz Mission Mbiri ndi Branciforte
Chifukwa mavuto adabwera pamene mautumiki anali pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu ogwira ntchito, abambo a Franciscan adanena kuti ayenera kukhala makilomita atatu pakati pa mission ndi tawuni. Ku Santa Cruz, Kazembe Borica sananyalanyaze. Mu 1797, adayamba pueblo (tauni) kutsidya lina la mtsinje ndikuwutcha Villa de Branciforte.
Anthu ena amati Branciforte ndi chitukuko choyamba cha nyumba za California. Borica anapempha Victoroy ku Mexico kuti atumize amwenye. Anawalonjeza zovala, zipangizo zaulimi ndi mipando, nyumba yabwino, yoyera, $ 116 pachaka kwa zaka ziwiri ndi $ 66 pachaka kwa zaka zitatu zotsatira.
Mderalo unakhazikitsidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo malo olima amagawidwa ndi magulu a munthu aliyense. Borica ankafuna Branciforte kuti akhale ngati Latin America, kumene mafuko anaphatikiza bwino ndipo nyumba zinkaikidwa pampando kwa mafumu a ku India. Ndondomekoyi inagwira ntchito ku Mexico koma idawonongeka ku California.
Omwe akubwerawo anali achifwamba omwe sankafuna kuthamanga minda. Iwo anaba zinthu ndikuyesera kulipira Amwenye kuchoka ku ntchitoyi. Wothandizira Borica analemba kalata yonena kuti akapitawo ali kutali ndi mtunda wa mailosi miliyoni, zikanakhala zabwino kwa dera.
Neophytes anayamba kuchoka ku Santa Cruz Mission. Chiwerengerocho chinapita kuchokera ku 500 mu 1796 mpaka 300 zaka ziwiri. Bambo Lasuen adadandaula, koma Gavumala adanena ngati kuli Amwenye ochepa, ndiye kuti Santa Cruz Mission inkafuna malo ochepa.
Mu 1799, mvula yamkuntho inavutitsa tchalitchi, ndipo idayenera kumangidwanso.
08 pa 11
Mbiri ya Santa Cruz Mission: 1800 mpaka lero
Mbiri ya Santa Cruz Mission 1800-1820
Amwenyewa sankatsutsa matenda a Ulaya monga chikuku, chifiira chofiira, ndi chimfine. Ansembe amayesa kuwerenga mabuku azachipatala ndi kuwathandiza pamene adwala, koma analibe kupambana pang'ono. Amwenye zikwizikwi anamwalira, ndipo ena adathawa.
Amwenye amathanso kuyenda chifukwa cha matenda komanso chifukwa cha malamulo okhwima ndi chilango chokhwima. Iwo anamenyedwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono kapena kubweretsa zikopa zauve ku tchalitchi. Pamene adathawa, adalangidwa chifukwa chachonso.
Ansembe ena anali achinyengo kwambiri. Mu 1812, bambo Andres Quintana anali ndi mbadwa ziwiri zikumenyedwa ndi chikwapu cha waya. Chifukwa cha nkhanza, Amwenye okwiya anakwatira Atate Quintana ndi kumupha, mlandu umene unachititsa kuti California ayambe kuvomereza.
Mu 1818, pirate wotchedwa Hippolyte de Bouchard inauza Monterey Presidio kum'mwera kwa Santa Cruz. Abambo ndi Amwenye adapita kumka ku mission ku Soleded. Bambo Olbes adawafunsa kuti azinyamula katundu wawo, koma ayenera kudziwa bwino. Atawombera atatenga zomwe akufuna, azondiwo anaba. Bambo Olbes anakwiya kwambiri moti anafuna kusiya, koma bambo Lasuen sanamulole.
Mission Santa Cruz Mbiri mu 1820s-1830s
Anthu amtunduwu adakhalabe aang'ono, ndipo anthu okhala ku Branciforte adayambitsa mavuto. Zolemba zochokera mu 1831 zinkanena za ng'ombe ndi nkhosa zikwi zambirimbiri ndipo zinabweretsa zikopa ndi tallow, koma sizinabwererenso kulemera kwake koyamba. Pofika mu 1831, anatsala 300 okha a neophyte.
Kusamalidwa
Mexico inagonjetsa ufulu kuchokera ku Spain mu 1821, koma sichikanatha kugwira ntchitoyi. Mu 1834, iwo anaganiza kuti azitseka ndi kugulitsa malowo. Mission Santa Cruz ndi imodzi mwa oyamba kukhala achikhristu . Anthu a ku Mexican anapereka malowa kwa amwenye, koma mwina sanafune kapena sangathe kulipira. Nthaŵiyo idagawanika ndikugulitsidwa kwa nzika za Mexico. Pofika mu 1845, anthu 400 ku Santa Cruz, ndi 100 okha omwe anali Amwenye.
M'zaka zingapo zotsatira, nyumba za tchalitchi zinagwa. Chivomezi mu 1840 chinagwedeza belu ndipo chivomerezi china mu 1857 chinawononga tchalitchi. Anthu ankanyamula matabwa ndi matabwa kunja kwa ntchito zina, ndipo palibe tchalitchi china choyambirira chomwe chinatsalira. Mapangidwe 35 a adobe paphiri anakhala gawo la tawuniyi.
Mu 1863, Abraham Lincoln adabwezeretsa maiko ku mpingo wa Katolika, koma Mission Mission Santa Cruz inatsala pang'ono. Zing'onozing'ono zomwe zinatsala zinagulitsidwa, koma palibe amene angagule. Mu 1889, tchalitchi cha njerwa choyera, chojambulidwa ndi Gothic chinamangidwa pa malo aumishonale.
Mission Santa Cruz Mbiri M'zaka za m'ma 2000
Mu 1930, banja lolemera linayamba kumanganso malo ofunika kwambiri pafupi ndi malo oyambirirawo, koma adataya ndalama mumsasa wa msika wogulitsa ndipo amangokonza chinthu china chokhachokha.
Nyumba yokhayo yoyambirira yomwe idatsalira idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambirira kwa nyumba za Indian, zomangidwa mu 1824.
09 pa 11
Mapulani a Mission Mission Santa Cruz, Mapulani, Nyumba ndi Maziko
Mpingo woyamba ku Santa Cruz unamangidwa mu 1793-1794.
Ndipo unali mikono makumi awiri m'litali, mikono makumi awiri m'litali, ndi mikono makumi asanu, ndi makoma asanu ndi awiri. Denga loyamba linali lakuta, koma denga la matala linawonjezeredwa mu 1811. Ili linali tchalitchi chachikulu cha mission kwa zaka 65. Nyumba zina zinamangidwa kuzungulira malo ozungulira, kuphatikizapo chipinda chophimba ndi granari, ndipo mphero yambewu inamangidwa mu 1796.
10 pa 11
Maonekedwe a Mission Santa Cruz
Ngati mukufanizira chithunzichi ndi zomwe ziri lero, ntchito yapachiyambi inalipo kumene mpingo waukulu, wamakono uli pano. Mzere wa Indian kumalo ku paki ya mbiriyakale ya boma ili pafupi ndi kumanzere kwenikweni kwa chithunzi ichi.
11 pa 11
Mtsinje wa Santa Cruz Cattle Brand
Chithunzi cha Mission Santa Cruz chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa ng'ombe zake. Zinachokera ku zitsanzo zomwe zinawonetsedwa ku Mission San Francisco Solano ndi Mission San Antonio. Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtunduwu zomwe zimaphatikizapo chilembo "A" mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma sitinathe kudziwa chiyambi chake.