Mndandanda wa Malamulo Ogwirizana ndi California Mission History

Akatswiri pa maofesi a California ku Spain amaponya maina ndi mayina ambiri omwe angasokoneze kwa ife tonse. Izi zikuwonetseratu zolemba zomwe zingakuthandizeni kudziwa zomwe akunena.

• 01 pa 17

  Adobe

  Njerwa zimapangidwa ndi matope opanikizika ndi udzu, zouma padzuwa.

  Njerwa za Adobe ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zakale kwambiri zomangamanga. Ngakhale kuti ali opangidwa ndi dothi ndipo sakuwotchera mu ng'anjo, amakhala otalika kwambiri m'madera ouma. Komabe, iwo sali amphamvu kwambiri ndipo nyumba zomangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo zingagwe pansi pamene chivomerezi chikuchitika.

  Nyumba zambiri zakumishonale ku California zidapangidwa ndi adobe ndipo zambiri zawonongeka ndi zivomerezi.

  Njerwa za Adobe zimapangidwa ndi kukakamiza kusakaniza matope ndi udzu mu nkhungu zamatabwa kotero zimachokera kumtunda.

• 02 pa 17

  Mtolankhani

  Chida chopangidwa ndi mwala kapena mtengo, womangidwa motsutsana ndi khoma kuti alilimbitse.

  Maumishoni ochepa chabe a ku California adagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbikitsira nyumba zawo. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Mission Santa Ynez, omwe akuwonetsedwa pachithunzicho. San Gabriel Mission imakhalanso ndi ziboda, koma ndizochepa.

• 03 a 17

  Campanario

  Khoma lomwe limagwira mabelu.

  Ambiri mwa mautumikiwa anali ndi zofanana ndi malowa ku La Purisima Mission. Mwala wa Mission wa San Diego uli ndi mabelu asanu ndipo amachitanso chimodzimodzi Mission Mission San Miguel.

• 04 pa 17

  Wovala

  Mphepete mwa msewu umene umayenda pafupi ndi nyumba. Liwu limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene msewu wophimbidwa uli pa chipembedzo.

  Mautumiki ambiri anali ndi maofesi ngati awa ku Mission San Juan Bautista.

• 05 a 17

  Convento

  Gulu la amonke kapena amsitima, kapena malo omwe amasonkhana. Convento ndi mawu a Chisipanishi omwe amakhala nawo.

  Mu maiko a California, ansembe ankakhala ku convento. Kawirikawiri inali gawo la mission quadrangle, pafupi ndi tchalitchi cha kutsogolo kwake.

• 06 cha 17

  El Camino Real

  Chisipanishi cha "King's Highway" kapena "Royal Road," dzina la msewu womwe unagwirizanitsa gulu la mission ya California.

  El Camino Real inali makilomita 600 kutalika ndipo inagwirizanitsa mautumiki onse 21, pamodzi ndi mautumiki angapo, maulendo anayi ndi ma tauni atatu.

  Today's US Highway 101 ikutsata njira zambiri za El Camino Real wakale. Zolemba zakale monga zomwe ziri mu chithunzi zimasonyeza njira yake.

• 07 mwa 17

  Facade

  Nkhope kapena kutsogolo kwa nyumba.

  Ambiri a ku California amishonale ali ndi mbali yosavuta, koma imodzi ku Mission Santa Barbara ndi yopambana.

• 08 pa 17

  Mawu

  Chophimba chachikulu, chokongoletsedwa chokhala ndi Madzi Oyera. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pobatiza ana ndi otembenuka mtima atsopano.

  Mndandanda umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ubatizo, womwe umachitidwa mwa kukonkha kapena kutsanulira madzi pamutu.

• 09 cha 17

  A Franciscan

  Mmodzi wa chipembedzo cha Katolika, wotchedwa St. Francis wa Assisi.

  Anthu a ku Franciscans amatsatira chiphunzitso cha St. Francis wa Assisi. Anthu a ku Franciscan amalumbirira kukhala moyo wa pemphero, kulalikira ndi kulapa (kudzipereka mwaufulu). Iwo akugwiranso ntchito ngati amishonale.

  Ambiri mwa a Franciscans omwe anagwira ntchito ku California oyambirira akapolo ankachokera ku Spain kapena Mexico.

• 10 pa 17

  Fresco

  Chithunzi chojambulidwa pa pulasitiki yonyowa.

  Zaka zingapo zakumayambiriro kwa California zinkakhala ndi makoma okongola a fresco. Ndi ochepa chabe omwe amapulumuka.

  Fresco imakongoletsa guwa. Mafresko ku Mission San Miguel ndiwo ena mwasungidwe abwino kwambiri ku California.

• 11 mwa 17

  Neophyte

  Aliyense yemwe ali watsopano kuphunzira chinachake - kapena kutembenuka kwatsopano ku chipembedzo - amatchedwa neophyte.

  Neophyte anaphunzira vesi la m'Baibulo. Diorama ya Mission San Francisco ikuwonetsa neophytes kuntchito ndi kusewera

• 12 pa 17

  Padre

  Chisipanya kuti "abambo," mawu ndiwo mutu wa wansembe wa Katolika Katolika kapena m'busa.

  Padres akhoza kubatiza ndi kukwatira anthu, kumva kumva ndi kuchita ntchito zina mu mpingo.

  Amishonale a ku Spain amene ankagwira ntchito ku California anali ansembe kapena Abambo.

  Mawu akuti Friar nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kapena iwo, koma mawu omwewo amachokera ku mawu oti "m'bale," kapena membala wa chipembedzo.

• 13 pa 17

  Presidio

  Mzinda wokhala ndi asilikali wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri.

  Boma la Spain linatumiza asilikali ku California pamodzi ndi ansembe. Asilikari anamanga zolimba zawo pafupi ndi mautumiki. Mkulu mwa iwo anali ku San Diego, Monterey ndi San Francisco.

• 14 pa 17

  Kutanikirana

  Bwalo lamkati kapena patio, yomwe ili ndi mbali zinayi.

  Ambiri mwa maumishoniwa adamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a makoswe pafupi ndi bwalo. Ena a iwo anali ndi quadrangles awiri omwe anali olumikizana wina ndi mzake.

• 15 mwa 17

  Reredos

  Khoma lachindunji kapena kugawidwa kumbuyo kwa guwa lalikulu mu tchalitchi, kawirikawiri zokongola.

  Ma reredos ambiri amaphatikizapo mafano achipembedzo ndi mafano a oyera mtima, monga awa ku Mission San Francisco.

• 16 mwa 17

  Malo Opatulika

  Malo amkati mwa tchalitchi kumene guwa lalikulu likupezeka.

  Mawu opatulika poyamba amatanthawuza malo opatulika, koma lero amatanthauza malo otetezeka.

  M'makonzedwe a tchalitchi, malo opatulika ndi gawo lopatulika kwambiri mnyumbayi. Ndilo malo ozungulira guwa.

• 17 mwa 17

  Kubwezeretsa

  Kukonza chinachake ku chikhalidwe chake choyambirira.

  Ntchito zambiri za ku Spain zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo zina zawonongeka kwambiri. Nthawi zingapo, denga la matabwa linachotsedwa ndipo makoma a adobe anatsalira kutsegula nyengo. Chifukwa cha kusanyalanyaza kwa zaka zambiri, adayenera kubwezeretsedwa ku zochitika zomwe mukuziwona tsopano.