Mitundu Yautali M'mitima ku Ireland

Sitima Zoyendetsa Sitimayo Zimapangitsa Kuti Maritime Akhale Ofunika Kwambiri ku Ireland

Mitundu Yautali Mitsinje ndi ... monga dzina limanenera, zochitika za mpikisano zombo za sitima zotchulidwa ngati "ngalawa zazikulu". Chochitika cha pachaka chimakhala ndi mitundu ingapo pamsewu wopita ndipo nthawi yayitali imayima m'mabwalo aakulu panjira. Chimene, kawirikawiri, chimayambitsa chikondwerero chachikulu cha cholowa cha nyanja. Ku Ireland, Dublin ndi Waterford anasankhidwa kuti akhale maulendo okwera m'zaka zaposachedwapa.

• 01 a 08

  Mbiri Yotani Kumbuyo Mipikisano Yotalika Zombo?

  Sitima zapamadzi nthawi zonse zimakondana wina ndi mzake - otchuka otchedwa tiyi chifukwa cha kubwezetsa mwamsanga, zombo zapamwamba za malo abwino ndi amalonda omwe ali ndi ziphaso pa chirichonse. Koma izi zinali mikangano yowawa, nthawi zambiri mpaka imfa, osati masewera.

  Mitundu (komanso zikondwerero) za sitima zazitali zinachokadi m'ma 1950 - pamene kugulitsa kwa sitimayo kunatha ndipo kuyenda panyanja kunayamba kukhala ntchito yodabwitsa, kawirikawiri kukhala panthawi yokha. Lingaliro lakale (lomveka) la mtundu wapadziko lonse wa zombo zoyendetsa sitimayo, linakambidwa koyamba ndipo "Komiti Yophunzitsa Mayiko Yoyendetsa Sitimayo" inakhazikitsidwa pozungulira 1953. Mtunda woyamba pakati pa Torbay (UK) ndi Lisbon (Portugal) unakonzedwa mu 1956. Kulemba mapeto a nthawi ya ngalawa.

  M'malo mwake, mpikisano woyamba ndi ngalawa makumi awiri zokha ukhoza kutchulidwa kuti ndikubwezeretsanso chilakolako cha zombo zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera apo, ngalawa zatsopano zatumizidwa ndipo lero pafupifupi mazana amatha kutenga nawo mbali mu Mapulaneti Amtunda Amtunda. Ena omwe akhala ndi mbiri yakale - zofunkha zina zomwe zinagonjetsedwa ku Germany mu 1945 zidakali pano mu 2012.

  Mipingo Yaitali Yoyenda ku Ulaya ikuwoneka kuti ndizochitika zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa kalendala ndikukopa ambiri ophunzira. Zimakhalanso zochitika zodziwika kwambiri m'mabwalo a alendo - ndi masiku otsegulira sitimayo, maulendo oyendayenda komanso zosangalatsa zambiri kwa ogwira ntchito komanso ogwira ntchito.

• 02 a 08

  Kodi Sizinali Zowonjezera Zomwe Zidapanda ...?

  Inde, zowona - koma izi zinali ndi chifooke chofooka kwambiri ndi tepi yachitsulo ya dzina lomwelo (lotseguka kwa alendo ku Greenwich, London , masiku ano). Kwa zaka makumi atatu, pakati pa 1973 ndi 2003, mafuko adathandizidwa ndi Cutty Sark, mtundu wa whiskey. M'masiku amenewo, mafuko amadziwika ndi dzina. Pambuyo pake, chochitikacho chinathandizidwa ndi Antwerp ku Belgium (ntchito yothandizira ya mzindawo, chigawo ndi chibwalo). Kuyambira 2010 mafuko akuthandizidwa ndi mzinda wa Szczecin ku Poland.

• 03 a 08

  Kodi Mitundu Yambiri Ya Sitima Ndi Kuti Ndipo Ndi Liti?

  Chochitika chachikulu, mpikisano wa ku Ulaya, chimachitika patatha milungu ingapo m'mwezi wa chilimwe chaka chilichonse ndipo imakhala ndi maulendo angapo omwe amachitira nawo masewerawa (kuyamba ndi kumapeto kwa nyanja, osati pa doko).

  Mipingo yatsopano yomwe idakwera pa mayiko a Irish anali 2005 komanso 2011 ku Waterford, 2012 ku Dublin, ndipo mu 2015 pamene Tall Ships Races inayamba ku Belfast.

  Pambuyo pa zikondwerero za Dublin 2012, mpikisano watsopano unayambika kwa nthawi yoyamba ... Zombo za ku Irish Sea Tall Regatta, zomwe zinakonzedwanso ndi Sail Training International. Zimakhala zikuwoneka momwe izi zidzakhalire m'tsogolomu.

• 04 a 08

  Ndani Amagwira Mipingo Yaitali Yothawa?

  Sitima zazikulu ... koma pali tanthauzo lachinsinsi: chotengera cha Monohull cha kutalika kwa 9.14m pamtunda wa madzi. Pokhala patsogolo pa maphunziro, osachepera 50% aliwonse ayenera kukhala pakati pa zaka 15 ndi 25.

  Maphunziro anayi a sitima zazikulu amadziwika:

  • Kalasi A - Zitsulo zonse zong'onongeka (chotchinga, barquentine, brig, brigantine kapena kugwedeza ngalawa) ndi zombo zina zonse zoposa mamita 40 Kutalika (LOA).
  • Mkalasi B - zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi (ie gaff rigged sloops, ketches, yawls ndi schooners) ndi LOA ya mamita osachepera 40.
  • Kalasi C - Zombo zamakono zamakono (ie Bermudan rigged sloops, ketches, wawls ndi schooners) ali ndi LOA ya mamita osachepera 40 ndipo samanyamula zitsulo za spinnaker.
  • Kalasi D - monga Kalasi C, koma yanyamula zitsulo za spinnaker.

• 05 a 08

  Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani m'mipando yomwe mumakhala nayo?

  Kawirikawiri chisokonezo chabwino ndi chisangalalo cha mtundu wabwino kwambiri - chochitikachi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chophatikizapo phwando lalikulu ndi phwando lokondweretsa komanso la chakudya lomwe limatayidwa, lopangidwa ndi zochitika zamtundu uliwonse. Nyenyezi zawonetsero ndi sitima zazikulu, komabe, zomwe zidzasungidwa pa doko kwa nthawi yaitali.

• 06 ya 08

  Kodi Mukuthadi Kupita ku Sitima Zitali?

  Inde ndi ayi - malingana ndi zomwe mukufuna kuchita.

  Zombo zambiri za m'kalasi ya A ndi B zidzatsegulidwa kwa alendo nthawi zina ndipo kuyendayenda kwa sitima kumatha kupanga mitundu yonse, poyang'ana mofulumira kuti akwere mumtsinje (Zoopsa za Umoyo ndi Chitetezo, kawirikawiri zimangoperekedwa mwachisawawa kwambiri wa alendo). Pakhoza kukhala zosangalatsa zapamwamba. Ndipo zochitika.

  Zombo zina zikuluzikulu zimatenganso okwera nawo nthawi zina ... funsani bwino musanayambe ngati mukufuna.

• 07 a 08

  Kodi Mungathe Kuwona Sitima Zitalikulu Zothamanga?

  Apanso, yankho liri "Inde ndi Ayi!" Mitundu yoyenera ikuchitika m'madzi otseguka pakati pa maiko okwera, mwayi wabwino kwambiri wowawonera iwo ali pa mzere woyamba ... iwo onse ali pamenepo ndipo adzapita ku kuyamba kouluka. Kapena osati mu Waterford 2005 mphepo inalibepo ndipo mphepo inachotsa kuwoneka.

  Asanayambe mpikisano, sitimayo nthawi zambiri zimasonkhana pamtunda wa "Parade of Sail", kuchoka pa doko kupita ku chiyambi. Izi zikhoza kukhala bwino kwambiri kwa chotengera chotengera. Kapena, ngati muli ndi nthawi yochuluka, mungathe kuona zombo zikufika ku doko la alendo. Kudziwa kwanu ndi kuwunika kwawailesi yamadzi kumathandizira kupeza chithunzi chabwino komanso chofunika kwambiri.

• 08 a 08

  Kodi Pali Sitima Zina Zambiri za ku Ireland?

  Inde, pali ... ngakhale kutenga nawo mbali mu Mipingo Yaikulu ya Zomboli ndizokongola. Zomwe zilipo pano ndi izi:

  • Aifric - Dlasi D, yomangidwa mu 2002, khomo la nyumba Kinsale (Cork)
  • Assarain II - Dlasi D, yomangidwa mu 1989, khomo la nyumba Kinsale (Nkhata)
  • Maselo a Celtic - Mkalasi C, womangidwa mu 1974, khomo lakale Kilrush (Clare) - izi zinkakhala malo oyendetsa anthu oyambirira (ndipo mwinamwake anachititsidwa manyazi) Mtsogoleri wa Charles Haughey, yemwe tsopano amalembedwa kuti ndi chombo chofufuzira cha Irish Whale ndi Dolphin Group
  • Creidne - Mkalasi D, womangidwa mu 1967, chombo chotchedwa Irish Naval Service
  • Cypraea - Mkalasi C, womangidwa mu 2011, ku West Cork
  • Dunbrody - Kalasi A, yomangidwa m'chaka cha 2001, khomo lakumidzi New Ross (Wexford, yomwe tsopano si yoyenera)
  • Ilen - Kalasi B, yomangidwa mu 1920, ku West Cork
  • Jeanie Johnston - Mkalasi A, womangidwa mu 2000, panyanja yamtunda Tralee (Kerry) - sitimayi imatsogoleredwa ku Dublin Docklands (panopa si yosanja)
  • Mzimu wa Oysterhaven - Mkalasi C, womangidwa mu 1972, nyumba ya ku Oysterhaven (Nkhata Bay)