Kupanga Ndege ku White Continent
Nchifukwa chiyani wina angafune kukachezera Antarctica? Ndi malo ozizira kwambiri, ovuta kwambiri, komanso odetsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyengo yoyendera alendo ndi miyezi inayi yokwanira. Palibe mabitolo, piers, mabomba okongola, kapena malo okopa alendo ku Antarctic madoko. Nyanja yochokera ku South America, Africa, kapena Australia nthawi zonse imakhala yovuta. Dziko losayembekezereka, anthu nthawi zambiri samvetsa kapena sakudziwa zambiri za Antarctica .
Ngakhale kuti zonsezi zimalephereka, Antarctica ili pandandanda wa "oyenera kuwona".
Ambiri omwe timakonda kuyenda paulendo ndi mwayi chifukwa njira yabwino yochezera Antarctica kudzera pa sitimayo. Popeza nyama zambiri zakutchire ku Antarctica zimapezeka pamphepete mwa nyanja zopanda phokoso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kuzungulira zilumbazi, anthu okwera pamaulendo sayenera kuphonya nyanja, malo, kapena zolengedwa zam'mlengalenga za dzikoli losangalatsa. Kuwonjezera apo, Antarctica ilibe zipangizo zokopa alendo monga mahotela, mahoitilanti, kapena maulendo oyendayenda, kotero sitimayo imakhala yabwino kuyendera White Continent. Cholemba chimodzi: Simungapite ku South Pole m'chombo. Mosiyana ndi North Pole, yomwe ili pakatikati pa nyanja ya Arctic, South Pole ili mamita mazana ambiri, yomwe ili pamalo okwera. Alendo ena ku South Pole akhala akudwala matenda aakulu.
Chiyambi
Ngakhale kuti 95 peresenti ya Antarctica ili ndi ayezi, pali miyala ndi nthaka pansi pa ayezi onse, ndipo dziko lapansili ndilowiri kukula kwa Australia.
Antarctica ili ndi malo okwera kwambiri pamayiko onse okhala ndi theka la mamita 6,500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Pamwamba kwambiri pa Antarctica muli zoposa 11,000 mapazi. Popeza kuti Antarctica imakhala yocheperapo masentimita inayi pachaka, zonsezi zimakhala ngati chipale chofewa, zimakhala ngati chipululu cha polar.
Sitima zapamadzi zimayendera Antarctic Peninsula, yomwe ili yaitali kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yozungulira chakumwera kwa America. Zombo zimatha kufika ku zilumba za Shetland ndi Peninsula pafupi ndi masiku awiri akudutsa Drake Passage, imodzi mwa magawo ambiri opambana a nyanja.
Nyanja yoyandikana ndi Antarctica ndi imodzi mwa zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Mphepo ndi nyanja zimayenda mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa nyanjayi kukhala yovuta kwambiri. Antarctic Convergence ndi dera limene madzi otentha ndi amchere omwe amayenda kum'mwera kuchokera ku South America amakumana ndi madzi ozizira, owopsya komanso ozizira akuyenda kumpoto kuchokera ku Antarctica. Mitsinje yotsutsana imeneyi imasanganikirana nthawi zonse ndipo imapangitsa kuti pakhale malo olemera kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyanja ya plankton. The plankton amakopa mbalame zambiri ndi nyama zakutchire. Chotsatira chake ndi nyanja zovuta zotchuka za Drake Passage ndi Tierra del Fuego ndi zamoyo zikwi zambiri zomwe zimapulumuka nyengo yosayembekezereka. Mtsinje womwewo kumbali ina ya dziko lapansi kummwera kwa Australia ndi New Zealand, umakhala ndi nyanja zovuta kwambiri. N'zosadabwitsa kuti iwo amatchedwa "zaka makumi asanu ndi zinai" atatha.
Nthawi yopita ku Antarctica
Nyengo ya alendo ndi miyezi inayi yokha ku Antarctica, kuyambira November mpaka February.
Zaka zonsezi sizizizira kwambiri (zosakwana 50 digiri pansi pa zero) komanso mdima kapena pafupifupi mdima nthawi zambiri. Ngakhale mutakhala ozizira simungathe kuwona chilichonse. Mwezi uliwonse uli ndi zokopa zake. November ndikumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndipo mbalame zikukwera ndi kukwatira. Kumapeto kwa December ndi Januani kumakhala ndi mahatchi ndi anapiye, pamodzi ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndi maola 20 tsiku lililonse. February akuchedwa m'nyengo ya chilimwe, koma mawonekedwe a nsomba amapezeka mobwerezabwereza ndipo anapiye akuyamba kukhala aang'ono. Palinso ayezi ochepa kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndipo sitimayo siyikongoletsedwe monga nyengo yapitayi.
Mitundu ya Sitima za Cruise Kuthamanga ku Antarctica
Ngakhale kuti oyendetsa maulendo apita ku Antarctic madzi kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1500, oyendayenda oyambirira sanafike mpaka 1957 pamene ndege ya Pan American ku Christchurch, New Zealand inapita kanthawi pang'ono ku McMurdo Sound.
Ulendo unatengedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 pamene oyendetsa maulendo oyendayenda ankayamba kupanga maulendo. Zaka zingapo zapitazi, sitima zoposa 50 zakhala zikupita ku Antarctic. Pafupifupi 20,000 mwa alendowa amapita kumtunda ku Antarctica ndipo zikwi zambiri zimayenda mumadzi a Antarctic kapena zimaulukira pamwamba pa kontinenti. Sitima zimasiyana mosiyana kuchokera pa 50 mpaka oposa 1000. Zombozi zimasiyananso ndi zida, kuchokera ku sitima zoyamba zogulitsa kupita ku sitima zazing'ono zopita ku sitima zoyendetsa sitimayo ku sitima zazing'ono zamakono. Kaya mtundu uliwonse wa sitima yomwe mumasankha, mukhala ndi chikumbukiro cha Antarctic .
Chenjezo limodzi: sitima zina sizilola anthu okwera sitima ku Antarctica. Amapereka zodziwika bwino za malo otchuka a Antarctic, koma kuchokera pa sitima ya sitima. Mtundu umenewu wa "Antarctic", womwe umatchedwa Antarctic "chochitika", umathandiza kuchepetsa mtengo, koma ukhoza kukukhumudwitsa ngati mukufika pa nthaka ya Antarctic. Olemba chikalata cha Antarctic Treaty ya 1959 ndi a bungwe la International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators samalola zombo zilizonse zonyamulira anthu oposa 500 kuti atumize anthu pamtunda. Komanso, ngalawa sizingatumize anthu oposa 100 pagombe nthawi iliyonse. Sitima zazikulu sizingagwirizane ndi malonjezano awa, ndipo mzere uliwonse waulendo wosanyalanyaza mwina sungapeze chilolezo chokwera ku Antarctica kachiwiri.
Zombo zopitirira khumi ndi zinayi zimapita ku Antarctica pachaka. Ena ali ndi alendo 25 kapena ochepa, ena amanyamula zoposa 1,000. Ndizokonda kwambiri (ndi pocketbook) zomwe mukufuna kukula. Kuyendera malo ozunza kumaphatikizapo kukonzekera bwino, kotero muyenera kuchita kafukufuku wanu ndi kulankhula ndi wothandizira maulendo musanayambe kukwera bwato lanu.
Ngakhale sitima zonyamula alendo okwana 500 sizingathe kukwera anthu kumtunda ku Antarctica , zili ndi ubwino wina. Sitima zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zikuluzikulu komanso zowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulendo wawo uyende bwino. Izi zikhoza kukhala zofunika kwambiri m'madzi ovuta a Drake Passage ndi South Atlantic. Phindu lachiwiri ndiloti popeza ngalawayi ndi yayikulu, ndalama sizingakhale zapamwamba ngati sitima yaing'ono. Komanso, sitima zapamadzi zowonongeka zimaperekanso zinthu zothandiza komanso zowonongeka zomwe sizipezeka pazombo zazing'ono zomwe zimawombola. Ndi chisankho chomwe muyenera kupanga, ndikofunika bwanji kuyendetsa dziko lapansi ndikuwona mapiko a penguin ndi nyama zina zakutchire pafupi?
Kwa iwo amene akufuna "kugwira" ku Antarctica, ngalawa zing'onozing'ono zimakhala ndi zowonongeka ndi ayezi kapena zimakhala ngati madzi oundana. Sitima zowonongeka ndi ayezi zimatha kupita kumwera kumalo oundana kusiyana ndi kayendetsedwe ka zombo, koma madzi oundana okha amatha kupita kumtunda ku Nyanja ya Ross. Ngati mukuwona malo olemekezeka owona malo a Ross Island ndi ofunika kwa inu, mukhoza kutsimikiza kuti muli m'ngalawa yomwe imayenera kudutsa Nyanja ya Ross ndipo ikuphatikizapo paulendowu. Chosavuta cha madzi oundana ndi chakuti ali ndi zida zozama kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuyenda mumadzi ozizira, koma osati poyenda panyanja zovuta. Mudzapeza njira yowonjezereka kwambiri pa sitima yapamwamba kuposa sitimayo.
Kwa anthu omwe akuda nkhaŵa za panyanja kapena malonda, ngalawa zazikulu zomwe zimanyamula zochepa kuposa momwe zimakhalira zingathe kukhala zogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, Hurtigruten Midnatsol amanyamula alendo oposa 500 omwe amayendetsa sitimayo paulendo wake wachilimwe m'nyanja za Norway. Komabe, sitimayo ikasamukira ku Antarctica m'nyengo ya chilimwe, imasandutsa sitimayi yopita ndi alendo osakwana 500. Popeza sitimayo imakhala yaikulu, imakhala ikugwedeza pang'ono kusiyana ndi yaying'ono, koma imakhala ndi zina zambiri m'makona ndi zothandizira kuposa sitima yaying'ono.
Palibe ma docks oyendetsa sitima ku Antarctica. Zombo zomwe zimatenga anthu pamtunda zimagwiritsa ntchito Rigid Inflatable Boats (RIBs kapena Zodiacs) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi injini zam'kati m'malo mopereka ndalama. Mabwatowa ang'onoang'ono ndi abwino ku malo otsetsereka a "wet" m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Antarctica, koma aliyense amene ali ndi mavuto oyendayenda akhoza kukhala pamtunda wa sitimayo. Zodiacs nthawi zambiri zimanyamula anthu 9 mpaka 14, woyendetsa komanso wotsogolera.
Kupita ku Sitima Yanu
Zombo zambiri zomwe zimapita ku Antarctica zimayamba ku South America. Ushuaia, Argentina ndi Punta Arenas, Chile ndi malo otchuka kwambiri. Anthu okwera ndege ochokera kumpoto kwa America kapena ku Ulaya amapita ku Buenos Aires kapena ku Santiago popita kumwera kwenikweni kwa South America. Ili pafupi ulendo wa maola atatu kuchokera ku Buenos Aires kapena Santiago kupita ku Ushuaia kapena Punta Arenas ndi maola ena 36 mpaka 48 oyenda kuchokera kumeneko kupita ku zilumba za Shetland ndi ku Antarctic Peninsula. Kulikonse kumene mungayambire, ndilokutalika kukafika kumeneko. Zombo zina zimapita ku madera ena a South America ngati Patagonia kapena kuzilumba za Falkland, ndi zina zimaphatikizapo ulendo wopita ku Antarctica ndi kukacheza ku chilumba cha South Georgia.
Zombo zina zimayenda kuchokera ku South Africa, Australia kapena New Zealand kupita ku Antarctica. Ukayang'ana mapu a Antarctica, ukhoza kuona kuti ndi zochepa kwambiri kuchokera kumalo ena kupita ku continent kusiyana ndi ku South America, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ulendowu ungaphatikizepo masiku ena a nyanja.
Aliyense amene ali ndi chidziwitso komanso amene amakonda zakutchire ndi nyama zakutchire (makamaka apenguin ) adzakhala ndi ulendo wautali akamapita ku White Continent.