Momwe mungawonere Unicorn Tapestries ku New York, Paris ndi Scotland

Kutsegula chinsinsi cha mbiri yakale ya zamakono

Posakhalitsa atapulumuka zaka mazana asanu za nkhondo ndi kusintha, a Unicorn Tapestries tsopano akukhala motetezeka pamakoma a Met Cloisters , ofesi ya pakati pa Metropolitan Museum of Art ku New York. Amathira m'madzi m'nkhalango zakale ngati nkhani ya kusaka kwa unicorn ikuwonekera mowonekera, mwazithunzi zofanana kuti zitheke kuzungulira mpanda wa nyenyezi. Zithunzi zimasonyeza osaka akuthamangitsa nyanga kudutsa minda ndi nkhalango kotero kuti iwonso akakhale ndi nyanga yake yamatsenga, yoyeretsa.

Zing'onozing'ono zimadziwika kapena zimamveka za Tapestries. Maganizo ndi ochuluka, koma palibe kujambulitsa, kufotokozera kapena kulandira kulipo kuchokera ku ntchito yomwe ingakhale yopita chaka zambiri ndi ojambula ambiri m'mayiko awiri. Chokhazikitsidwa ku Met Cloisters chotchedwa " Othamanga ku Unicorn " ndi chinsinsi chachikulu.

Ku Musée Cluny ku Paris , pali zida zosiyana siyana zomwe zimatchedwa Unicorn Tapestries, koma makamaka zimatchedwa " Lady ndi Unicorn ." Izi zikuganiziridwa kuti zidapangidwa m'zaka 1480, komanso ku khoti la ku France, koma kwenikweni, palibe amene amadziwa zomwe amatanthauza kapena kumene adayambitsidwa, koma kuti zovala za Jean le Viste, wolemekezeka anaphatikizidwa.

"Dona ndi Unicorn" ankadziwika kuti anali a zaka za m'ma 1800, koma mpaka pamene mlembi Prosper Mérimée adawawona mu 1841 ndipo adalongosola za kuchepa kwawo. Kenaka wolemba George Sand anawazindikira ndipo mu 1847 analemba nkhani yokhudza iwo, yojambula ndi zithunzi zomwe mwana wake anachita. Kawiri konse iye anafalitsa zidutswa za "Lady and the Unicorn," mpaka bungwe la Commission des Monuments Historiques linawagula mu 1882 kuti alowe mu Musee des Thermes.

Kutanthauzira zochitika za mayi, mtsikana, agalu, nyani ndi unicorn zambiri, koma monga Unicorn Tapestries ku Cloisters, palibe chiphunzitso chimodzi chovomerezedwa. Anthu ena amanena kuti ndizofotokozera za mphamvu zisanu. Ena amati adalenga mlengalenga wa munda wotsekedwa pamakoma a chipinda cha amayi. Koma ndani? Buku la "Lady and the Unicorn" lolembedwa ndi Tracy Chevalier ndi kufufuza kwachinsinsi cha chinsinsi.

Atatha zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi zitatu ndikuwerenga ndi kuphunzitsa za "Kuthamangira ku Unicorn" Zophimba, ndikuyembekeza kuti mudzasangalala ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinsinsi zomwe zimapanga zokongoletsera zokongola kwambiri.

• 01 ya 09

  Mapulogalamu a Unicorn anapangidwa pafupifupi 1500. Mwinamwake.

  Tsiku limene laperekedwa ku kulengedwa kwa Unicorn Tapestries kumadalira mafashoni. Nsapato zazitali zazitali, zodzikongoletsedwa ndi osaka angapo omwe akuwonetsedwa mu Unicorn Tapestries yomwe inali yovuta ku France pakati pa 1495 ndi 1505.

  Palibe amene amadziwa yemwe anapanga Zophimbazo, malo kapena chifukwa chomwe anapangidwira. Palibe zojambula zokonzekera, zolemba kapena zolemba zolembedwa za malo omwe akanadawonetsedwa. Chojambula (mapu okonzekera kwa owomba nsalu) sichikupezeka. Palibe chotsalira pa zomwe ziyenera kukhala zolembera kwautali pakati pa abwenzi, wogulitsa broti amene akanatha kugwirizanitsa ntchitoyo, ndi msonkhano womwe unapanga. Palibe .

  Koma apa pali chinthu; Zipukutizo ndizojambula bwino kwambiri, zojambula kwambiri zomwe mungakhale nazo mu Middle Ages. Masiku ano, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale omwe ali ndi matepi nthawi zambiri amawawonetsera iwo mosiyana ndi kujambula ndi kujambula, kuwapangira iwo makanema achiwiri omwe amadzipereka ku "Zojambula Zokongoletsera." Izi siziri chilungamo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa khama ndi ntchito yomwe inapita mu tapestries, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

• 02 a 09

  The Unicorn Tapestries zinabedwa panthawi ya French Revolution

  Mu 1793, anthu akuukira ku French Revolution anathyola chitseko cha Rochefoucauld ku Verteuil kuti alande banja lachifalansa lachidziwitso la chuma chawo chamtengo wapatali. Nyumba yosanja ya kumpoto inayambika pa njira yawo yowonongeka kwathunthu. Mmalo mosiya Tapestries kuti awotche, ogwidwawo amawaba. Siliva ndi golidi zomwe zimatchedwa ulusi wamphongo kawirikawiri zimachokera ku zojambula zofanana ndi kuziyika pamoto. Chifukwa chizoloŵezichi chinali chofala, Unicorn Tapestries ankaganiza kuti apita.

  Koma patadutsa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, wina wa m'banja la Rochefoucauld anali kuyesera kubwezeretsa chuma chomwe chinabedwa pa Revolution. (Nthano ya banja inati mabala otayika akunena kuti anali okonzeka ku ukwati wa Francois VI Rochefoucauld ndi Marie du Barbizon.)

  Kafufuzidwe unatsogolera ku nkhokwe kumene mkazi adalongosola "nsalu zakale" mwamuna wake anali atasungira m'khola. Kumeneko anapeza Unicorn Tapestries akugwira ntchito ngati mabulangete odula, owazidwa, koma makamaka osasunthika, akuphimba mabolo a mizu. Iwo anawonongeka kwambiri kuzungulira m'mphepete mwathu ndipo anali ndi mabowo, koma makamaka osasunthika.

• 03 a 09

  Kodi Unicorn Tapestries inatha bwanji ku New York City?

  Mu 1925, Unicorn Tapestries inachoka ku France kwa nthawi yoyamba kuwonetsera ku Manhattan. Wokoma mtima ndi wojambula zithunzi John D. Rockefeller, Jr, adawawona ndipo adafuna kukhala nawo ngakhale kuti sanagulitsidwe.

  Mwamwayi, wojambula ndi wojambula zithunzi George Gray Barnard, yemwe akusonkhanitsa ndilo maziko a Met Cloisters a lero, analowerera kuti akambirane. Atagwira ntchito yopanga akatswiri ojambula bwino kwambiri a ku America, adazindikira kuti banja la Rouchfoucald lifuna kukhala ndi maonekedwe ena a mabanja achi French ndikumanga galimoto yaying'ono pa malo awo. Kugulitsa kunaphwanyidwa ndipo Unicorn Tapestries inachoka ku France kwabwino.

  Poyamba iwo anawonetsedwa kunyumba ya Rockefeller pa 54th Street. David Rockefeller akulongosola kuperekera maulendo a Unicorn Tapestries kwa alendo ku ukwati wa mlongo wake pamene anali ndi zaka 8 zokha.

  Pamene Met Cloisters omwe Rockefeller adalimbikitsira ndalama, katswiri wotsatsa James Rorimer (yemwe mungamudziwe ngati Matt Damon mu "The Monuments Men") adaika pepala laling'ono pazithunzi za "Unicorn Tapestries". Rockefeller ndiye anatsimikiza kuwapereka ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale monga mphatso.

• 04 a 09

  Zinatenga nthawi yayitali kupanga Unicorn Tapestries?

  Yankho laling'ono: Nthawi ndithudi.

  Yankho lake lalitali: Maofesi a matepi a Belgium ndi Northern France adakhala otanganidwa kwambiri kumapeto kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri pamene zojambula zojambula bwino zinkakhala chizindikiro cha chuma ndi mphamvu. Zowonongeka zimakongoletsedwa pang'ono pokhapokha pakhomopo, kalonga kapena regent sankakhala, koma pakubwera kwawo, matepi amatha kupachikidwa, kubwezeretsa kutentha ndi moyo.

  Wojambula adalenga mapangidwe apachiyambi, omwe angaperekedwe kwa wothandizira pa pepala la mafuta. Izi zingatenge miyezi kapena zaka.

  Gawo lotsatira, kanema kankapangidwa, nthawizina ndi wothandizira mu sitolo ya ojambula, yomwe ingakhale ngati mapu a wovala. Chojambulacho chinali chamtengo wapatali kwambiri, chifukwa chingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo mapangidwe angasinthidwe ndi kusinthidwa ndi katemera opangira. Iwo anali ofunika kwambiri omwe tapestry brokers angagwirizane nawo, kuti agwire bwino ndi kukambirana ulendo wa katoto kuchokera ku pepala lojambula zithunzi lomwe lingakhale kulikonse ku Ulaya, kwa omanga nsalu zambiri ku Belgium, komanso kumpoto kwa France. Chojambula, kuitanitsa wogulitsa nsomba komanso kukambirana ndi ulendo kungatenge miyezi kapena zaka.

  Pamene zojambulazo zifika pamisonkhano yopangira nsalu, ubweya wonse uyenera kuvala. Kenaka, omanga nsalu amatha kupanga zilembo zazikulu, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito nsalu zopangira ulusi ndi nsanamira kuti zikhale zojambula zojambulajambula ndi zojambulajambula zomwe zili pansi pazitsogozo zawo. Gawo ili likudalira kuwala kwa chilengedwe komwe sikukutheka nthawi yachisanu kumpoto kwa Europe. Ndipo monga olemba maluso, panali zikondwerero za maholide kumene msonkhano unatsekedwa. Kotero siteji iyi imafuna zaka zambiri za ntchito. M'masiku amodzi, munthu wojambula kwambiri amatha kupanga kachigawo kakang'ono kakang'ono kuposa kukula kwa kanjedza yako.

  Pano pali kanema kosangalatsa kwambiri kamene kanali kotheka.

• 05 ya 09

  Mu 1500 aliyense ankakhulupirira mbalame zam'madzi zinali zenizeni

  Mu 1500 nyanjayi aliyense amakhulupirira unicorns anali weniweni. Mosiyana ndi centaur kapena minotaur yomwe imachokera ku nthano, unicorn inayamba kuchokera ku maphunziro a sayansi ya chilengedwe ndipo inayamba kuwonedwa ku India ndi wolemba Chigiriki Ctesias m'zaka za m'ma 5 BCE BCE Monga masewera a telefoni, kufotokozera kwa unicorn kunasintha maonekedwe ake kuchokera ku kavalo wofiira ndi mawanga ofiira ku cholengedwa choyera chokwera pakavalo chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mtsinje wa madzi ndi nyanga yake ku Unicorn Tapestries. Julius Caesar adanena kuti nyanjayi zinathamangira ku Gaul. Ofufuza a ku Spain atabwerera ku Ulaya kuchokera ku mayiko a ku America, adanena kuti mbalame zam'mlengalenga zinathamangira ku New World.

  M'magwilitsidwe a Met Cloisters, masewerowa angatanthauzidwe ngati nkhani yosaka (ndi chikondwerero m'malo mwa chiguduli), fanizo la mwamuna wokondedwa pa chivalric chiestry kutsimikizira kuti iye ndi wofunika kwa wokondedwa wake, ndi fanizo la Chisoni cha Khristu.

  Onani momwe kuli osaka khumi ndi awiri omwe anasonkhana kuzungulira kasupe, koma imodzi yokha ikulozera ku unicorn? Ndiyo Yudasi.

• 06 ya 09

  Nchifukwa chiyani pali Unicorn Tapestries ku Scotland?

  The West Dean Weavers ndi studio ya opestestry makers ochokera ku England omwe anatumidwa mwachindunji kubzala zonse "Othamanga kwa Unicorn" kuti akhale ku Stirling Castle ku Scotland.

  Wolemba mbiriyo anauziridwa ndi chikhulupiliro cha akatswiri a mbiri yakale a ku Scotland kuti zomwe adalemba mu James V zinalidi za Unicorn Tapestries, atabwera ku Scotland kudzera m'banja lake laling'ono la Madeleine wa Valois. Iwo anabwezeredwa ku France m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu kupyolera mu mgwirizano ndi Rochefoucauld, amene pambuyo pake adawalembera mbiri yawo ya banja lawo.

  Kwa zaka zoposa khumi, ogula nsomba ochokera ku West Dean anapita ku Met Cloisters kuti apange matepi atsopano, kuwerengera mawanga ndikuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane. Iwo ankasula zojambulazo monga momwe zikanakhalira mu zaka za zana la 16. Lero iwo akunyada kuwonetseredwa ku Stirling Castle.

• 07 cha 09

  Ndikuganiza kuti ndawona zojambula izi ku Harry Potter!

  Zochitika zomwe zimatchedwa "Unicorn ku Captivity," ndizozitchuka kwambiri. Zili pamasopotala a m'masamu, mapepala ogwiritsira ntchito nsalu, ndizovala zokongoletsera zomwe agogo aakazi onse anali nazo m'ma 70s, inde, "Harry Potter ndi Half Blood Prince. "

  Kuphatikiza pa zochitika zosaka, millefleur tapestry yomwe imakhala yosakwanira muzengereza yonse imakhala ikuzungulira ndi mpanda wamtambo, womangirizidwa ku mtengo umene wamveka makangaza omwe akukula pamagulu ake. Iwo ali ndi mbewu zowirira mumadzipilidwe ake pa thupi lake, komanso amawoneka ngati madontho a magazi. Zodzala ndi zizindikiro, koma popanda ndondomeko. Chinthu chokhacho chikugwirizanitsa zojambula izi ku mbali yonse ya "Kuthamangira kwa Unicorn" ndizomwe zimadziwika bwino zomwe zimawoneka ngati A ndi kumbuyo E womangirizidwa pamodzi ndi chingwe. Akatswiri ayesa kumasulira makalata kwa zaka zopitirira 140, koma palibe chiphunzitso chovomerezedwa bwino.

• 08 ya 09

  Momwe mungayendere ku Cloisters, Cluny ndi Stirling Castle

  The Met Cloisters

  Fort Tryon Park, New York, NY 10040

  Maola: March-Oktoba: 10 am-5: 15 pm, May 27-September 2, 2016: Lolemba Lachisanu mpaka 7:30 pm

  November-February: 10 am-4: 45 pm

  Tsiku loyamikira lakutsekedwa, la 25 December, ndi la 1 January

  Ovomerezeka : Oposa $ 25 Akuluakulu, Okalamba $ 17, Ophunzira $ 12, Ana osapitirira 12 ndi mamembala Free

  Musée de Cluny- Museum Yanyumba ya Middle Ages
  6, perekani Paul Painlevé
  75005 Paris

  Maola: Tsiku lililonse, lotsekedwa Lachiwiri, kuyambira 9:15 mpaka 5:45 pm.

  Desk imatseka 5:15 pm.
  Anatseka 1 January, 1 Meyi ndi 25 December.

  Chilolezo: Mtengo wamphumphu: 8 € (9 € panthawi yamawonetsero osakhalitsa)
  Kugonjetsa: 6 € (7 € panthawi yamawonetsero osakhalitsa)
  Free kwa anthu a EU oposa 26
  Ufulu kwa aliyense pa Lamlungu loyamba la mwezi uliwonse

  Stirling Castle

  Chinyanja Esplanade, Stirling, FK8 1E

  Maola: Tsiku lililonse, 1 Apr - 30 Sept 9: 30-6pm 1 Oct - 31 Mar 9: 30-5pm

  Kuvomereza: Anthu akuluakulu (16 mpaka 59) £ 14.50, Mwana (5 mpaka 15) £ 8.70, mgwirizano (zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi (60) + osagwira ntchito) * £ 11.60

• 09 ya 09

  Kodi nkhani ya Unicorn Tapestries ku Paris imati nkhani iti?

  Mndandanda wa zojambulajambula zimatchedwanso "The Unicorn Tapestries" zimatchulidwa mwachindunji kuti "Lady ndi Unicorn." Izi ziyenera kuti zinapangidwa pafupifupi zaka 1500 ndipo zimakhala zozizwitsa zosiyana kwambiri. Ma tapestries a Paris ndi ofanana ndi omwe amapezeka mu chipinda cha bedi la bedi kuti athandize kukhala mkati mwa munda wophimba. Zojambula zosiyana za mayi, msungwana, sing'onoting'ono, agalu, nyani ndi zinyama zina zapangidwa kukhala zongopeka za mphamvu zisanu, koma palibenso kugwirizana pakati pa akatswiri.