Momwe Mzinda Waung'ono wa Niagara Falls Unakhalira Malo Otsitsimula Ambiri a Poizoni

01 pa 13

Mbiri ya Chikondi Chachikondi

Pa mtunda wa makilomita angapo kuchokera ku mzinda wa Niagara kugwa ndi malo odyetserako zinsinsi omwe amadzazidwa ndi zinsinsi. Chida cha chikondi, kamodzi kamodzi kowonjezereka kozungulira mathithi a Niagara adalandira chidwi cha dziko pamene chinagwedezeka ndi chisokonezo chomwe chinagwedeza dziko lapansi. Misewu yamtendere ndi yamtendere inkayenda mumsewu wopita kumidzi kuti iwonongeke usiku wonse komanso kwa zaka makumi ambiri m'misewu ya Canal yachikondi ikasiyidwa.

Pazithunzi zokwana 36 zokha, chikondi cha Canal chinali kamtunda kakang'ono ka mathithi a Niagara omwe analola mabanja kulera ana awo m'nyumba zazing'ono pafupi ndi mzindawo, pomwe ali ndi mpata woti athamange ndi kusewera. Kuwonetseratu zochitika kuchokera ku Madeleine L'Engle 's "A Wrinkle Time", Love Canal ndi tauni yokongola yokhala ndi mabanja achichepere omwe ali ndi nyumba zonse zikuwoneka ngati magalasi amoto kwa iwo kumbali zonse.

M'zaka za m'ma 1950, mzindawo unakula mofulumira pamene mzindawu unayamba kukumana. Misewu inali bata ndipo oyandikana nawo anali okondana, koma anthu okhala mu Canal Love posachedwa adzipeza okha pakati pa ma TV.

Dziko limene anthu ammangidwe linamangidwa lidaipitsidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala omwe adatayidwa pa webusaiti ndi Hooker Electrochemical Company imene kale inali ndi malowa. Nkhalangoyi inayamba kudwala matenda omwe amachokera ku matenda opatsirana nthawi zonse mpaka khansa yofulumira. Zidzatsimikiziranso kuti boma lakumidzi lidzidziŵa zoopsa zomwe zidabisika m'nthaka, koma zinasankha kuyang'ana maso.

Chigawo cha Sukulu ya Mzinda wa Niagara Falls City chimafunafuna Hooker Electrochemical Company kuti igule katundu wawo ndi chiyembekezo chokumanga sukulu yatsopano. Kampaniyo inakana zoyamba zawo zomwe zinatchula zofuna zaumoyo, koma potsirizira pake adabwereranso ndi kugulitsa malowa ku dera la sukulu. Ndalama zawozo, kampaniyo inatenga mamembala a sukulu pa ulendo wa malo ndikuyesa borings kutsogolo kwawo kuti atsimikizire kuti adziwa kuti dothi linali loipitsidwa kwambiri, koma mzindawu unapitiriza kugula ndipo kenako, kumanga sukulu.

Chida chopangira ndowechi chinaphatikizapo chigulitsi chautali pamsonkhanowu wogulitsa malonda a mzindawo pofotokoza za kuopsa kwa nthakayo poonetsetsa kuti akudziŵa zamtunduwu, komanso kusiya udindo uliwonse wa zotsatira zomwe zidzasokoneze tawuniyo. Iwo adanena kuti dzikolo liyenera kusindikizidwa "kuti athetse anthu kapena zinyama zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zipangizo zoponyedwa." Bungwe la sukulu linaganiza zopitabe patsogolo ndi chitukuko cha sukuluyi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa masukulu awiriwa, omanga adapeza mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu zadothi zakuda zomwe zinkaikidwa m'manda ndi Hooker Chemical. Ponseponse, matani 22,000 a zinyalala za poizoni anali ataikidwa pamalo a malo omwe akukhala bwino ndipo palibe aliyense okhalamo amene ali wanzeru. Ntchito inapitiliza pa ntchito yomanga sukuluyi ndipo pamene amidzi adakulira sukulu yachiwiri inamangidwapo pang'ono.

Moyo unapitirizabe kukhala wachilendo kwa iwo omwe ali mu chikondi cha Canal mpaka 1976 pamene olemba mbiri a Niagara Falls Gazette , David Pollak ndi David Russell, anayesera mapampu ambirimbiri ndipo anapeza mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Komabe, nkhaniyi siidapindule kwambiri ndi nkhani mpaka zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, mtolankhani wina dzina lake Michael Brown anayamba kufufuza zowopsa za mankhwalawa ndipo anachita kafukufuku wa khomo ndi khomo mu 1978.

Mayi wina wa kuderalo, Lois Gibbs, adayamba kusonkhanitsa eni nyumba pambuyo poti mwana wake wamwamuna akudwala matenda a khunyu komanso matenda ena. Pambuyo pake adzakhala liwu la anthu omwe adasiyidwa mumdima wokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha m'deralo, akuyitanitsa chisankho kuti atsogolere Association Association of Canal Owners 'Association.

Gibbs anathamangitsa akuluakulu kuti afufuze za nkhawa za anthu okhala m'deralo, koma palibe chomwe chinabwera chifukwa cha khama lake. Mtsogoleri wa mayiko a Niagara, Michael O'Laughlin, adatchulidwa kuti "palibe cholakwika" ndi dera.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 anthu okhala m'madera oyandikana nawo adakumana ndi vuto loperewera mowirikiza, mapepala osokoneza bongo, matenda amanjenje, khansa komanso zowawa zina. New York's Health Commissioner, Robert Whalen, pambuyo pake anachezera deralo ndipo sanatsutsane kwambiri ndi maganizo a akuluakulu a mzindawo.

"Chikondi cha Canal Chemical Waste Landfill chimakhala chiopsezo chachikulu komanso chiopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa, kukhala pafupi ndi mzindawo kapena kukhala ndi zifukwa zomwe zimachokera kuzinthu zowonongeka. adziwonekera pamwamba pa malo ambirimbiri, nthumwi zoopsa komanso zowonongeka ndi mpweya ndi mpweya womwe umakhudza mpweya wozungulira komanso nyumba za anthu ena okhala pafupi ndi malowa, "adatero.

Purezidenti Jimmy Carter adalengeza zachipatala ndikudandaulira Federal Disaster Assistance Agency kuti athandize Mzinda wa Niagara Falls kukonza malo a Chikondi cha Canal. Iyi inali nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya dziko kuti ndalama zoterezo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu china osati chilengedwe chachilengedwe.

M'zaka zotsatira, sukuluyi inatsekedwa ndipo pafupifupi nyumba zonse zapadzikoli zinagwetsedwa. Malo omwe kale ankakhalamo adasanduka bwinja popanda kanthu koma m'mphepete mwa msewu, mahekitala a udzu wamtali ndi zizindikiro za m'misewu.

Mabanja onse 800 adasamulidwanso ndikubwezeredwa pa mtengo wa nyumba zawo koma mabanja 90 anasankha kukhala. Pamene zakazo zinkapitirira, pafupifupi mabanja onse omwe nthawi ina ankatcha nyumba yawo adasankha kuchoka.

Lerolino pafupifupi pafupifupi chirichonse chimene chatsalira cha Channel Canal. Malowa ndi otchuka ndi ojambula amamtima omwe akuyembekeza kugwedeza misewu yodalirika ndi nyumba zochepa zomwe zatsala.

Tsatirani Sean pa Twitter ndi Instagram @BuffaloFlynn, ndipo onani tsamba lathu la Facebook kuti mumve zambiri pa Buffalo, Falls ndi Niagara ndi Western New York.

02 pa 13

Nyumba Zochotsedwa

Mzindawu unasiyidwa ndipo nyumba zinasiyidwa kuti zivunda. M'kupita kwanthawi, mzindawu unathetsa zambiri pa malowa ndipo mpaka 2004 anthu adaloledwa kubwerera kumudzi.

03 a 13

Yoyamba Kumayambiriro

Mabanja anayamba kusamukira kumidzi yakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950 chifukwa adawoneka ngati malo oyambirira.

04 pa 13

Anthu Anayamba Kudwala

Pofika m'ma 1970, anthu ammudzimo adakula koma ambiri mwa iwo adayamba kudwala. Anthu amatha kusokonezeka panthawiyo, akuyamba khansa ndi matenda ena. Boma lakumidzi linali lodziŵa bwino za thanzi lomwe anthu anali nalo, ndipo adadziwanso kuti dzikolo linali loipitsidwa kwambiri.

05 a 13

Kuyambitsa Nkhondo

Anthu amtunduwu adayamba kugwa ndipo anthu ankafuna mayankho. Lois Gibbs anakhala wolankhulira dera lake. Mayi wina wosakwatiwa, Gibbs anayamba kukayikira za chitetezo cha dera lake pamene mwana wake adayamba kutsika ndi makutu kumvetsera nthawi zonse.

06 cha 13

Ndikumva kuti ndataya

Anthu ena adayamba kuona kuti fungo lochokera kumtunda ndi lopanda pake, ndipo mvula ikagwa, zakumwa zosadziwika zikanakwera pamwamba. Zonse zimawoneka ngati zochitika kuchokera ku sayansi yowona, koma mwatsoka zomwe mabanja awa adakumana nazo zinali zenizeni.

07 cha 13

Kulimbana ndi anthu ammudzi

Gibbs anapitiriza kumenyera ufulu wa iye, banja lake ndi anansi ake m'zaka zonse zapitazi zomenyana ndi mzindawo.

08 pa 13

Kuphwanya Mzako

Pomwe zikuchitika, Hooker Electrochemical Company idaponyera mipiringidzo 22,000 ya zinyalala pa malo awo, kenako ikaigulitsa kuti ikhale malo oyambira. Ndizo mankhwala omwe adalowa pansi omwe adayamba kulowa mu madzi akumwa, dothi ndi mpweya omwe anthu zikwizikwi amakumana nawo tsiku ndi tsiku.

09 cha 13

Zotsatirapo pa Ana

Osati kokha kokha koma panali masukulu awiri a pulayimale omanga pa siteti, kumanga mazana a ophunzira tsiku ndi tsiku. Gibbs ndi ena ambiri anamenyera mwamphamvu kuti amvetsetse nkhaniyi, potsiriza atapeza nthunzi pambuyo poti umboniwo unapitilira kuwonjezera pa zomwe zingakanidwe kenaka.

10 pa 13

Hooker Electrochemical Company

Kampani ya Hooker Electrochemical inayendetsedwa ndi District of School ya Niagara Falls City chifukwa idali kusowa kofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale ndi malo ena. Poyamba kampaniyo inakana pempho lawo chifukwa cha nkhawa, koma potsirizira pake idagulitsa malo awo. Kwa ogulitsa malonda a Hooker Electrochemical Company adalangiza chigawo cha sukulu kuti chisindikize nthaka kuti zinyama kapena anthu onse asamayanjane nazo ngati zingathe kuvulaza kwambiri. Sukuluyi inamangidwanso ndipo zotsatira za nyumba zinatsatira.

11 mwa 13

Kamodzi Kupezedwa

Bwalo likangoyamba kugwedezeka ndipo anthu anayamba kuzindikira kuti panali vuto lolimbirana nawo, Chikondi cha Kanani chinayamba kukonda dziko lonse. Chifukwa cha zaumoyo zomwe zinali kuchitika pamlingo woopsya nkhaniyo sichikanatha kukanidwa. Akuluakulu a mzindawo adayenera kuzindikira ndi kuvomereza zomwe adachita, ndikudziwidwa poizutsa gulu lonse kuti apeze ndalama.

12 pa 13

Gibbs ndi Anthu Awo Amapambana Kulimbana ndi Mzinda

Pambuyo pake, patatha zaka zambiri kumenyana, Purezidenti Jimmy Carter adalengeza zachipatala chadzidzidzi ndipo adaitana bungwe la Federal Disaster Assistance Agency kuti liwathandize mzinda wa Niagara Falls mu malo oyeretsa a Channel Canal. Mzinda wawung'onowu, wogona tulo unasanduka malo oyamba a Superfund ku United States. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mankhwala oopsa omwe anali pafupi mabanja 800 anayenera kusamulidwanso ndikubwezeredwa ku nyumba zawo. Mabanja okwana 90 adasankha kukhalabe koma zaka zikapita ambiri adatha kusiya.

13 pa 13

Momwe iliri lero

Kuyambira lero pali zotsalira za Channel Canal. Nyumba zochepa zokha zimatsala ndipo misewu ikuluikulu imakhala yowonjezereka, yanyalanyazidwa kwa zaka pafupifupi 40. Yakhala malo okondedwa kwa ojambula kuyenda m'misewu ndi kulanda zotsatira za tawuni yomwe poyamba idalipo. Ngakhale kuti palibe chotsalira, Love Canal inapanga cholembedwa chosakumbukika pamalopo.