Kufufuza kwa Bomber Bomber inagwa mu 1956 pa Mon
Pa January 31, 1956, apolisi a Mitchell B-25, atathawa kuchokera ku Nellis Air Force Base ku Nevada kupita ku Olmstead Air Force Base ku Harrisburg, anagunda mumtsinje wa Monongahela (womwe umatchedwa "Mon"), kunja kwa Pittsburgh . Ogwira ntchito asanu ndi mmodziwo anapulumuka chiwonongekocho, koma pambuyo pake madzi awiri oyenda mumtsinje wa Mon anawatcha.
Chimene chinachitika pa masabata awiri otsatirawa chinapangitsa kuti zinsinsi zina za Pittsburgh zisasinthe kwambiri.
Kodi chinachitika chiani pa B-25 bomba?
Malingaliro Okhudza Chimene Chachitika Bomber B-25
Mu masabata awiri pambuyo pa kuwonongeka, kufufuza ndege kunkachitika, koma palibe chomwe chinapezeka B-25. Malingaliro akuti kutha kwa ndege ndi ochulukirapo ndipo akukambidwabe ku Pittsburgh.
Ena amaganiza kuti ndegeyi imanyamula katundu wonyamulira, zida za nyukiliya, Mafia ndalama, kapena Howard Hughes. Nkhani zowonetsa zochitika pamaso mosavuta. Nkhani ina inati, "Mazana ambiri a asilikali adatsikira kumalo otsetsereka ndipo adatseka mtsinjewu. Ankayenda m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewu pamene barges analowa ndikukwera mabombawo pamwamba pake. ku umodzi wa zitsulo zachitsulo komweko ndi kusungunuka pansi. " Kusiyanasiyana kwa nkhanizi kunaphatikizapo ndege ikudulidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kutayika kutali, kuopseza mboni zowona m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ngakhale nkhani yodabwitsa ya 'munthu wachisanu ndi chiwiri' amene anachotsedwa pamtsinje.
Nkhaniyi ndi yabwino kwambiri kuti kampani yopanga filimu ikuganiza za kupanga filimu yokhudzana ndi Chinsinsi cha Mitchell Ghost Bomber.
Chinsinsi cha B-25 chapirira zaka zoposa 50. Zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse, nyuzipepala zimachitika pa nyuzipepala zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka, ndipo mboni zatsopanozi zatulukira ndi "nkhani yeniyeni."
Kufufuza Kupitiliza Bomber B-25
Kufufuza kukupitirirabe, kotsogoleredwa ndi bungwe lotchedwa B-25 Recovery Group lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi kusakanikirana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako choyendetsa ndege, bwato, madzi, Pittsburgh, ndipo, ndithudi, ndi chinsinsi chabwino.
John Uldrich, pulofesa wotsatsa malonda ndi maofesi, omwe akuphunzitsa ku China, akutsogolera gululo. Iye ali ndi mbiri mu sonar teknoloji, wasankha ntchito zosiyanasiyana zofufuzira ndi kuyesera kuzungulira dziko, ndipo wakhala nthawi yochuluka ku Pittsburgh.
Bob Shema, Pittsburgh mbadwa ndi Director of Operations Director, ndi katswiri wa khalidwe la madzi. Amabweretsa chidziwitso chakuya cha Mtsinje wa Mon ndi zochitika ndi teknoloji ya sonar yowunikira gulu. Steve Byers ali ndi kampani yamakono a Sennex ku South Hills, ndipo Matt Pundzak ndi mlangizi wochokera ku Virginia. Matt, Steve, ndi John ndi onse omwe amayendetsa ndege.
Gululo linayambitsa kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane ndi sayansi kumapeto kwa B-25 mu 1995. Iwo adayang'anitsitsa mosamala nkhani zoziwona maso kuyambira usiku wa chiwonongeko ndi masabata ake, adatha maola mazana akutsanulira malemba kuchokera ku boma ndi maboma, ndi anafunsa akatswiri pa chirichonse kuchokera ku khalidwe la madzi ku Mon, mpaka kumtsinje, kuti apange komanso kumanga mabomba a Mitchell B-25.
Anayambanso kufufuza mozama pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo mumtsinje wa Mon kuti afotokoze kumene mtsinjewo ungakhale utatenga ndege.
Zotsatira za kufufuza konseku? Bob Shema, Director of Operations Director, akukhulupirira kuti apeza malo otsiriza a ndege. "Tikuyembekeza kuti tidzatha kuthetsa chinsinsi ichi," akutero. Komabe, ndege inali isanakhalepo mu 2016.
Kodi Mpumulo wa Mzimu Ungapeze Kuti Mpumulo?
Shema akukhulupirira kuti ndege ikukhala pansi mamita pafupifupi 10 mpaka 15 pamtunda wa madzi 32 kuchokera ku Mbalame Zofika. Mbalame Zikuyenda zikudutsa pa mtunda wakale wa J & L wachitsulo kumadzulo kwa mlatho wa Glenwood pamtunda wa 4.9. Nthaŵiyake inali malo osungirako mapepala.
Atafunsidwa kuti ali ndi chidaliro chotani kumalo ano, Shema anafotokozera umboni wina womwe adaupeza pazaka zisanu zapitazo.
"Panali mazana a mboni zowonongeka," anatero Shema. Ndegeyo inapita kumbali ya kum'mawa kwa Glenwood Bridge (isanayambe kukwera Mtsinje wa High Level). Shema akupitiriza kufotokoza kuti mtsinjewu unali kuyenda mofulumira tsiku lomwelo. Omwe asanu ndi mmodzi mwa anthu asanu ndi limodziwa anakwera pamwamba pa mapiko a ndegeyo pamene akuyenda pansi. Pasanapite nthawi, ndegeyo inagwa. Anthu okwana anayi anapulumutsidwa, ndipo matupi awiri adapezedwa kumtunda, adamira.
A Army Corps Engineers ndi Coast Guard anakokera mtsinjewo mobwerezabwereza pambuyo pa kuwonongeka. Shema ananena kuti malipoti a ngozi anafotokoza kuti a Corps adalimbikitsa zomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi mapiko a ndege. Pofuna kubweretsa pamwambapo, nangulayo adachoka, ndipo ndegeyo idabwerera m'madzi. Kenaka, adayambanso chinthu china, koma poyesera kubweretsa pamwamba pake, 2 "wandiweyani chingwecho chinapangidwira kawiri." Shema adati pali zithunzi za opaleshoniyi, ndipo zithunzi zikuwonetsa mawaya akuluakulu ndi mapiri omwe alipobe. "Tidziwa kumene ndegeyi inatha," anatero Shema.
Amakhulupirira kuti ndegeyi inayambitsidwa nthawi yoyamba kuti ayese kukoka, koma kenako ikagwa, inagwa mu dzenje lotseguka pa Birds Landing. Nthawi ziwiri zotsatira, pamene zingwe zidawombedwa, Shema akuganiza kuti iwo akuwombera chinthu china. Mbalame Zikufika ndi nyumba yachitsulo yakale yowonongeka ya konkire. Shema anati: "Chingwe chachitsulo cholemera 2 chimafunika kuti mapulogalamu oposa 31,000 apite." B-25 akulemera theka. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochepa mumtsinje umene ungathe kuchita ndichoti chakale chosakanikirana ndi ayere. "
Kufunsa Owona
Ndiponso, ngati ndegeyo idakokedwa, itanyamula magalimoto kapena sitima zapamtunda, ndikukwera pansi pamtsinje, payenera kukhalapo mboni zina zoona. Shema wakhala zaka 30 akugwira ntchito pa mitsinje ndipo adayankhula ndi mazana a anthu omwe anali pamtsinje usiku womwewo. Shema adati, "Palibe umboni wodalirika."
Analongosola nkhani ya mboni imodzi yomwe adafunsa omwe adanena kuti akuyang'ana anthu ena pamtunda, mu suti zakuda ndi mapulaneti, atsegula magetsi awo onse ndikulowa m'madzi. Zizindikiro za Shema poti, "Kutentha kwa madzi kunali madigiri 34. Mtsinjemo unali kuyenda mamita 5-7. Madzi anali otalika mamita atatu - kusefukira kwa madzi. M'zaka za m'ma 50, vuto la osiyana linali la 155 lb. Chinthu chotsiriza chimene diver chingakhale pansi pazimenezo zidzakhala mapulogalamu. Pepani, uwu si umboni wovomerezeka. "
Munthu wina amene adakambirana naye ndi mkazi yemwe adavomereza kuti mwamuna wake ndiye amene amachotsa 'thupi lachisanu ndi chiwiri.' Iye anafotokoza kuti ichi chinali chifukwa chake kuti asabwere kunyumba usiku umenewo.
Atatha maola ambiri akudutsa zikalata, kukafunsa mafunso owona maso, ndikuyesa kufufuza ndi zitsanzo kuti awonetse kutali komwe ndege ingayende pansi, Shema ali ndi chikhulupiriro kuti ndegeyo ikadali mumtsinje.
Sonar Mapping the Mon
Mu 1995, gululi linajambula mabanki a Mon River pafupi ndi Birds Landing pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwajambulira. Izi zinatsimikizira malo a dzenje lakuda, dzenje lakuya lomwe linapangidwa zaka zambiri zapitazo ndi 'zigawenga za miyala ya miyala' zomwe zinayesa pansi pa mtsinjewo chifukwa cha miyala. Iwo adapezanso malo osokoneza pang'ono. Palinso fano lina lamdima lomwe gulu limakhulupirira kuti ndi malo obisika a B-25.
Kuti atsimikizire malo a ndegeyo, gululi likufuna kugwiritsa ntchito magnetometer yowuta zitsulo. Ichi ndi chipangizo chosagwiritsidwa ntchito chomwe chingawononge chitsulo chomwe chimayikidwa pansi pa mchenga ndi mchenga wa Mtsinje wa Mon. Shema akuyenera kupereka chithunzi cha zomwe zili pansi pa mbalame, "anatero Shema. Akatsimikizira malowa, atenga zitsanzo kuchokera pansi pa mtsinje ndikuzifufuza kuti atsimikizire kuti chitsulo chilichonse chopezeka chimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mabomba a Mitchell. Mtengo wa kubwereka zipangizo ndi khama lothandizira kuzigwiritsa ntchito zidzafuna madola 25,000.
Shema ali ndi chidaliro kuti adzalandira mbali za ndege, koma lingaliro lakafukufuku wapamwamba wa bomba la Pittsburgh lochokera ku Mon ndilokayika. "Tikuyembekeza kupeza injini, magalimoto oyendetsa matayala ndi matayala - zonsezi zinapangidwa kuti zikhale zotetezera ... koma ndege yonse - yopanda kukayikira." Shema ananenanso kuti khalidwe la madzi la Mon River m'ma 1950 linali losauka kwambiri. Kuyembekeza kwa moyo wa zitsulo mumadzi osungunuka a Mon anali 1/3 mpaka ½ a Allegheny. "Simungathe kuyendetsa njinga yam'madzi mkati mwa madzi chaka chonse - zothamangazo zidzasungunuka nthawi iliyonse. Aluminium yonse [ya ndege] ikuyembekezeka kuti ipite, kupatula zomwe zingakhale zogwirizana ndi pansi," Shema adati. Ma dive anachitidwa ku Mon mpaka lero, koma onse omwe anapeza anali nkhuni. "Simukupeza chitsulo mu Mon," anatero Shema.
Kufufuza Mbiri
B-25 Recovery Group ikugwira ntchito ndi Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania (HSWP) ndi Sen. John Heinz Pittsburgh History Center Center. Mayi Betty Arenth, wamkulu wotsitsilazidenti wamkulu wa History Cente, akusangalala kukhala mbali yothetsera chinsinsi ichi. "Mwachibadwa kuti tigwirizane ndi Bob [Shema] ndi B-25 Recovery Group - ndi gawo la mbiri ya Pittsburgh," anatero Arenth.
Shema adanena kuti akadzapeza ndegeyi, zida zonse zidzatembenuzidwa ku History Center. "Pamene tikupeza, ndizokwanira ku Pittsburgh onse kuti athandizidwe zaka zambiri."
Atafunsidwa za ziphunzitso zachinyengo, Shema, mbadwa ya Pittsburgh, amakumbukira tsiku lomwe ndegeyo inagwa. Amavomereza kuti "Ndinali kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, kumapeto kwa nkhondo yoziziritsa, ndipo tinali kuzungulira mabomba osokoneza bongo. N'zolimbikitsa kuganiza kuti asilikali athu angalowemo ndikuchotsa ndege popanda mboni." Shema anapitiriza kunena kuti, "Tonsefe sitikanakhala ndi ndalama zambirimbiri kuti tipeze mpweya wa mitsempha, kapena zida za nyukiliya pa ndege yosatha? Ndegeyi inali ndege ya Air National Guard, wophunzitsa Izi zidali chifukwa chokhala pantchito m'miyezi 18. Ili linali tsiku lotsiriza la mwezi, ndipo oyendetsa ndegewa akungoyesera kuti apite nthawi. "
Shema anatseka, "Ndege iyi idatuluka mwa mafuta".
Aliyense wokondwera kuthandizira kuthetsa chimodzi cha zinsinsi zosadziwika kwambiri za Pittsburgh akhoza kupanga msonkho woperekedwa kwa msonkho ku B-25 Recovery Group. Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania yakhazikitsa nkhani ya gululo. Mphatso, zoperekedwa kwa HSWP zingatumizedwe ku adiresi yotsatira:
The Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania (HSWP)
Attn. Mayi Betty Arenth - B-25 Project
1212 Smallman Street
Pittsburgh PA 15222