Ulendo wa "Hanoi Hilton", Ndende ya Infamous Hoa ku Vietnam

01 pa 10

Kuyamba kwa Hoa Lo Ndende, kapena "Hanoi Hilton", ku Hanoi, Vietnam

Ndende Yomweyi , yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "Hanoi Hilton", ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale pafupi ndi Quarter ya ku France ya Hanoi, Vietnam . Yoyamba kumangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1890 ndi azungu a ku Vietnam omwe anali a Central Vietnam, omwe anali akaidi a ku Vietnam.

Pokhala ndi mphamvu ya kumpoto kwa Vietnam, anadutsa kuchokera ku French mpaka ku Japan kupita ku Chikomyunizimu cha Vietnam, akaidiwo anasintha komanso amakominisi a Vietnamese omwe anamangidwa ndi akuluakulu a ku French omwe anali oopa adapititsa akaidi a ku America ndi akaidi a ku Vietnam.

Ngati mukuyembekezera nkhani yodalirika ya American POW moyo ku Hanoi Hilton, komatu, mudzakhumudwitsidwa ndi chiwonetserochi - mbiri inalembedwa ndi ogonjetsa, nthano yomwe akunena apa ndi iyi Amuna achikomyunizimu a Chivietinamu omwe anali m'ndende, kuzunzidwa, ndi kuphedwa ndi anthu a ku France ndi a ku Japan.

Kufika ku Hanoi Hilton

Pulogalamuyi imapezeka mosavuta ndi tekesi; 1 Pho Hoa Lo ili kumbali ya Pho Ha Ba Trung, kumwera kwa Nyanja ya Hoan Kiem pamlomo wa Chigawo cha French. Werengani za kayendetsedwe ka ndege ku Hanoi .

Ndende imakhala kutalika kwa Pho Hoa Lo, yomwe imachokera ku Pho Hai Ba Trung kupita ku Pho Tho Nhuom. Mapeto ake okha akum'mwera - otsalawo anamezedwa ndi chipinda cha Hanoi Towers m'ma 1990.

Kuti mulowemo, mudzayenera kulipira ndalama za VND 20,000 (pafupifupi $ 1 US) pakhomo, koma mupatseni kabuku ka mtundu wanu pamalipiro. Chithunzi chikuloledwa.

02 pa 10

Chiwonetsero cha Village ya Phu Kanh

Pamene mutalowa pakhomo ndikulipira malipiro olowera, mudzatsogoleredwa ku nyumba yayitali nthawi yomweyo. Chipinda choyamba chimene mumalowa chimasonyeza kusonyeza mudzi wa Phu Kanh womwe umayimirira pa malo a ndende ya Hoa Lo.

Mzindawu unkagulitsa makamaka nyumba yopangira nyumba ya ceramic, yomwe inapatsa msewu dzina lake - "Hoa Lo" mwachindunji "kutentha" kapena "ng'anjo yamoto", yomwe inali pamtunda tsiku ndi tsiku, usiku.

Chipinda choyamba chimapanga zinyumba zakale zomwe zimapezeka m'madera omwe Fulansi isanayambe kuwononga tauniyi kuti ipange njira ya ndende ya Hoa Lo. Pafupifupi mabanja khumi ndi anayi adasunthidwa.

03 pa 10

Zoopsa za Hoa Lo

Chipinda chachiwiri mnyumbamo chikuwonetsera diorama wa Prison Loa kumbuyo kwake, limodzi ndi chipata chachikulu chachitsulo chomwe chimayenderera pa chipinda.

Chipatachi chimayimilira "pakamwa pa chilombo" (khomo lakumaso kumene alendo akudutsa kuti alowe m'ndende ya Hoa Lo); lero, iyi hulk yachitsulo chachikulu ndicho chokopa chachikulu mu chipinda chomwe chimayambitsa alendo ku nkhanza ndi mantha omwe akaidi a ku Hoa Lo amamva.

04 pa 10

Akaidi Osungidwa ndi Otsekeredwa

Kutseka kwa "E" ndi chipinda chokhala ndi mawonekedwe a kukula kwa moyo wa akaidi a ku Vietnam omwe akugwedezeka mu mizere iwiri, ndi chipinda kumapeto kwa chipinda. Monga momwe tingaganizire pachithunzichi, moyo monga mkaidi wandale ku Hoa Lo sunali pikisnicini.

Akaidi ankatsekeredwa m'madera oopsa, kudyetsa chakudya chovunda kawiri tsiku lililonse, ndipo amaloledwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu okha kuchokera kumangetani awo tsiku ndi tsiku. Wolemba maphunziro a Peter Zinoman, akulemba m'buku lake The Colonial Bastille: A History of Imprisononment ku Vietnam, 1862-1940, akulongosola mikhalidwe yosungidwa monga momwe alili m'ndende za ku France:

"Amndende ambiri ankakhala pakhomopo, omwe amakhala nyumba yaikulu kwambiri m'ndende. Kumeneko, akaidi onse ankagona pambali, pamapangidwe apamwamba a konkire omwe ankayenda pambali pa makomawo. mphete, zomwe chidutswa chachitsulo, chomwe chinkadziwika kuti barre de justice, chinkagwedezedwa. Pofuna kuwaletsa kusamukira momasuka m'chipinda chotseguka, akaidi ogona ankagona ndi manja awo atagwedezeka. "

Nsonga sizikanakhoza kulepheretsa akaidi kuti azikhala osakaniza, ndithudi. Mayi Zinoman amene anali m'ndende, yemwe anakumbukira nthawi yomwe anali m'ndende ndi maganizo okhudzidwa. "Ngakhale kuti sitinasokonezeke ndi maunyolo ozungulira mapazi athu, tinali okondwa chifukwa tinali pafupi ndipo tikhoza kukumbukira zinthu zosangalatsa," adatero mtsikanayo.

05 ya 10

Ndende ku Hoa Lo Ndende

Khoti , kapena ndende, kumene akaidi omwe anali oopsa kapena odzipha anali kusungidwa m'ndende. M'seri iliyonse yopapatiza, mkaidi anali atakanikizidwa ku konkire pansi, ndipo deralo linasungidwa mosamala kwambiri.

06 cha 10

Mzere ndi Zokumbutsa

Mukatuluka kumalo akutetezeka, mudzayenda pamtunda wamtunda wautali komwe kumakumbukira akaidi ena a ku Vietnam, kuphatikizapo osungira madzi omwe asanu omwe anagwidwa ndi asilikali a ku Vietnam omwe anaphedwa pa tsiku la Khirisimasi mu 1951. Hoa Lo sankatha "kuthawa umboni" ngakhale mbiri yake yochititsa mantha - kuphulika kwa ndende kwabwino kwambiri kunalembedwa mu mbiri yakale ya ndende.

Nthawi ina akaidi anatha kuyenda kunja kwa chitseko cha ndende; mu kusintha kosokonezeka pakati pa ulamuliro wa French ndi Japan kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, akaidi ena adasintha zovala zawo ndikusatha.

07 pa 10

Guillotine pa Death Row

Pambuyo pa kudutsa kutalika kwa khola, mudzadutsa m'ndende kwa akaidi aakazi, musanalowe muzithunzi za nkhanza zomwe anthu a ku France amachititsa nkhanza. Akaidi azimayi sanatetezedwe ku ukapolo woopsa wa ndende - zonena za Zinoman kuchokera ku lipoti la a M. Chastenet de Géry pa zochitika zazimayi zomwe zili zovuta.

"Dera lachikazi likuwonetsera malingaliro abwino komanso oyenera komanso mwachikhalidwe cha anthu omwe ali osasunthika. M'madera omwe anamangidwa akaidi 100, opitirira makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri ndi awiri (225) amakhala osungidwa. gulu losamvetsetseka, akaidi a ndale, akaidi amtundu wamba, ana amasiye, ana khumi ndi awiri, pamodzi ndi makanda awo. "

Mzere wa mzere wa imfa umakhala mwamsanga pambuyo pa chigawo cha akazi - mu chipinda chino, zolakwa za olamulira achikoloni a ku France zinalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Gullotine imatsutsana ndi khoma limodzi kuti iwonetsere kupha koopsa kumene kunachitika kuno; Chithunzi cha mpesa cha mitu itatu yosankhidwa chimayikidwa pambali pake. Chidziwitso ichi chinali chodabwitsa - chidziwitso chake chinali chodziwika kuti chinachitika ku Yen Bai Prison, kumene anthu khumi ndi mmodzi a gulu lachikunja anamwalira ndi tsamba lake.

Chiwonetsero china mu chipinda chino chikuwonetsera zithunzi za khumi ndi anayi omwe amwalira pano; zowawa zawo ndi zotsatira zake zidzatchulidwa muwonetsedwe.

08 pa 10

Chikumbutso cha Chikumbutso

Chotsatirachi chikuyimira kumalo aakulu kwambiri kunja kwa Prison Loa Hoa: chikumbutso cha chikumbutso kwa akufa olemekezeka a bungwe lokonzanso la Vietnamese . Kwa Achimereka, chikumbumtima ichi chikhoza kupereka chotsitsa chamagetsi - pambuyo pake, sitinakulire kuti tikhulupirire "Hanoi Hilton" chinali chizindikiro cha kuponderezedwa?

Koma Pulezidenti wa Hoa amachititsa mthunzi wosiyana pa mbiri yakale ya Vietnamese - pansi pa French, ndendeyo inali yovuta kwa kusintha, ndipo iwo omwe anafa mu zikhalidwe zake zosatheka kuziwona lero ndi a Vietnamese monga ofera. Chidziwitso cha American POW ku Hoa Lo, chomwe tidzakambanso chotsatira, chikuyenera koma tanthauzo laling'ono m'mbiri ya ndende, komanso mbiri ya Vietnam.

09 ya 10

Chiwonetsero cha Pilot

Chidziwitso cha American POW ku "Hanoi Hilton" pa Nkhondo ya Vietnam chimasulidwa mu "chipinda cha buluu", chomwe chimadziwikanso ngati malo oyendetsa ndege. Maofesi awiriwa muwonetsero wowonetsera POW moyo mu ndende ya Hanoi ya Hoa Lo.

Nyumba imodzi ikufotokoza zoopsa zomwe zimachitika ku Vietnam ndi ndege za ku America ndikuyesera kulongosola kundende ya mazana ambiri a POWs a ku America, oyendetsa ndege oyendetsa ndege kumpoto kwa Vietnam ndikuikidwa m'ndende ku Vietnam monga Hoa Lo. John Senatorator John McCain ali ndi gawo lapadera pachionetserochi, popeza suti yake yolowa ndege yowonongeka imayima pamapeto a nyumbayi ndipo zotsatira zake zimwazikana pachithunzichi.

Nyumba yachiwiriyi ikuwonetsa kuti POW moyo wa Hoa Lo, uli ndi zithunzi za asirikali a ku America omwe ameta zovala zoyera ndipo amapanga chithunzithunzi cha moyo wa ndende. Nkhunda yonga mpingo yomwe ili ndi mtanda ndi mafano a POWs pa pemphero ndi kukonzekera chakudya cha Khirisimasi imapereka chithunzi cha ufulu wachipembedzo wosasunthika.

Zithunzi m'mabuku awa ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi nkhani zoperekedwa ndi POWs wobwezeretsa monga McCain ndi Robinson Risner; tikuwona boma la Vietnamese likuwonera za moyo ku Hoa Lo, koma palibe chilichonse pazowona POWs.

10 pa 10

Chikumbutso kwa Achikulire ndi Otsutsana Nawo

Otsiriza amatha ulendo wa Hoa Lo ndi malo opulumukira, ndi zipinda zingapo zomwe zimakhala chikumbukiro kwa opulumuka ku Hoa Lo Ndende. Mayina a olemekezeka a Hoa Amene ali akaidi amakumbukiridwa pazitsulo zamkuwa pa khoma. Chipindachi chikuwonetsa zotsatira zawo (kuphatikizapo mbendera yaikulu ya Vietnamese) ndipo imakumbukira chipinda cha Party cha Chikomyunizimu chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa mkati mwa makoma a Pakhomo Lo.

Chikomyunizimu ku Vietnam chikhoza kubadwa mu ndende monga Hoa Lo - muzochitika zoterezi, olamulira a ku France mosadziwa anawathandiza kusinthanitsa malingaliro owonetsetsa ndipo adalimbikitsa kugwirizana pakati pa opanduka. Zina za Quinoman Zinoman, wogwirizira ntchito za Chikomyunizimu komanso wogwidwa ukaidi ku Hoa Lo:

"Pamene ndinali ku Laos, ndinkangokhalira kunjenjemera koma sindinkadziwa kuti chikomyunizimu chinali chiyani. Nditangotsekera ku Hoa Lo ndikukhala ndi mwayi wowerenga mabuku ndi kuphunzira ndinamvetsa njira yolondola ya nkhondo ya chikomyunizimu. kwa miyezi ya Hoa Lo, nthawiyo ikuwoneka yamtengo wapatali. Ndizoyamika miyezi yanga yokha ku Hoa Lo kuti ndikudziwa zina za chiphunzitso cha kusintha. "