Gulu lodziwika bwino la Hanoi linagwira akaidi onse a ku Vietnamese ndi ku America
Palibe chomwe chikukonzekeretsani chifukwa cha ndende yomwe ili yokongola kwambiri ku Hanoi, Vietnam ikhoza kukhala. Ulendo wopita ku "Hanoi Hilton" ukhoza kulimbikitsa chisoni, kunyansidwa, ndipo, malingana ndi ndale zanu, zokoma zosiyana za mkwiyo.
Kumbukirani za "Hanoi Hilton" yomwe ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi opulumuka monga John McCain ndi Robinson Risner, kapena mafilimu monga Hanoi Hilton . Zithunzi za ndendeyi zimaganizira za kuzunzika kwa anthu a ku Vietnam omwe atsekeredwa (ndipo nthawi zina amaphedwa) apa pamene a French anali olamulira ku Vietnam kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000.
Pamene POWs za ku America zimapanga maonekedwe, zimaperekedwa ngati nsalu zoyera, zochiritsidwa bwino, komanso zokondweretsa ndi ogwidwawo - zonsezi ndi chipinda chimodzi chokha ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi John McCain atagonjetsa sutiyi.
Ngakhale zili choncho, ndende ya Hoa iyenera kuyendera, ngati mutangomva zochitika za chikomyunizimu monga momwe a Vietnamese akuyenera kuzinenera, ndikuganizirani nkhani zomwe simukuzidziwa ndi makoma osasunthika ndi zigoba zomwe zikuwoneka bwino. Kuyendayenda Kupyolera mu Hanoi Yamasiku Ano Hilton
Chimene mukuwona pa ndende ya Hoa Lo yamakono kwenikweni ndi gawo laling'ono lakumwera la ndende zonse kumbuyo; ndende zambiri zinawonongedwa pakati pa zaka za 1990 kuti zipangire njira ya Hanoi Towers, ofesi yowala ndi hotelo yowonongeka yomwe idakwera kwambiri mumzindawu idawopsya Ho Chi Minh.
Malo amasiku ano angathe kulowa kudzera pachipata chotchedwa Hoa Lo Street, omwe amadziwika ndi a Vietnamese kukhala akaidi monga "Mlomo wa Khunje".
Pakhomoli liri ndi mawu akuti Maison Centrale , kapena "nyumba yapakati", chiwonetsero chofala cha ku France cha ndende zamzinda. (Ndende ya ku Conakry, Guinea imadziwikanso kuti Maison Centrale mpaka lero.)
- Ulendo woyenda wojambulawu wa Hoa Lo Ndende ukhoza kuwerengedwa pano: Ulendo wa "Hanoi Hilton" - Ndende ya Infamous Hoa ku Hanoi, Vietnam .
Kufufuzira Mu Hanoi Hilton
Gulu la Hoa Loti linamangidwa ndi French kuyambira 1886 mpaka 1901, ndipo adakonzedwanso mu 1913. Olamulira a ku colonial a ku France anaganiza kuti apange chitsanzo cha anthu ogwiritsa ntchito ufulu wa ku Vietnam, ndi njira yabwino yochitira zimenezi kusiyana ndi kukhazikitsa ndende pakati pa mzinda?
Kukhala mu Hanoi Hilton kunalibe picnic. Kuyambira tsiku limodzi, Hoa Lo anali wochulukitsitsa kwambiri - pamene mphamvu yake yochulukirapo inali akaidi 600, opitirira 2,000 anali atatsekedwa mkati mwa mpandawo mu 1954.
Akaidi ku Hoa Lo anali atakumbidwa pansi ndipo nthawi zambiri ankamenyedwa ndi alonda. Kutsekedwa kwa "E" (chithunzi pamwambapa) kunakhala akaidi a ndale, omwe adagwidwa pampando wokhala pansi ndipo anakonza mizere iwiri. Kanyumba kamakhala pamapeto a chiwonongeko, kwa akaidi ena onse.
Kuphedwa kunkachitika m'ndende ya Hoa Lo pogwiritsa ntchito foni yamagetsi, yomwe imayima pafupi ndi mndandanda wa imfa.
Mosadziŵa, a ku France adamanga ku Hoa Lo chotsitsimutsa cha revolution. Akaidi a Hoa Lo adadziŵa za chikomyunizimu kudzera mmawu olankhula, ndipo zolembera zidapitidwa pozungulira ndi zinalembedwa mu inki yosaoneka yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera kuchipatala. Osachepera asanu Akuluakulu Achimuna Akuluakulu a Vietnamese Communist Party adzatha zaka zawo zopanga maphunziro ku Hoa Lo Ndende.
Ma POWs a ku America ku Hanoi Hilton
Pomwe dziko la US lidawonekera ku Indochina, nkhondo yomenyana pakati pa magawo awiri a Vietnam yatsopano idasintha Hala Lo Ndende kachiwiri.
Boma la Chikomyunizimu la North Vietnam la Hanoi linali lofuna kusunga Hoa Lo Ndende monga chikumbutso cha nkhanza za ku France. Koma kuchuluka kwa POWs ku America kunkafuna kusintha machitidwe.
Mu ndende ya lero ya Hoa, chidziwitso cha American POW ku Hoa Lo ndende chikufotokozedwa - zoyera bwino , makamaka - mu mawonedwe awiri omwe amawoneka ngati malo omasuka. Komabe, tsikuli, malowa anali "chipinda chofiira" choopsya, kumene akaidi atsopano ankafunsidwa ndikuzunzidwa ngati sakanachita. POW wakale Julius Jayroe akuwuza za choyamba chake mu Blue Room:
"Ndinatumizidwa ku Hanoi ndipo ndinauzidwa ku chipinda cha Blue Knobby m'dera la New Guy Village la chipongwe chachikulu cha Hanoi Hilton (Prison Loa Hoa). Usiku umenewo, tsiku lotsatira, ndipo usiku womwewo, anapirira kuzunza (zolimba) zikwapu, zingwe, kukwapulidwa) chifukwa chokana kupatsa kanthu kalikonse kupatula dzina, udindo, sn, ndi dob. "
Palibe mu Bwalo lamakono la lero lomwe likuwonetsa kuti kuzunzidwa kunayambika mkati mwa makoma ake; M'malo mwake, chithunzithunzi chikuwonetsa POWs zochepetsedwa bwino zomwe zimapanga chakudya chamadzulo a Khirisimasi, pamodzi ndi ziwonetsero za akaidi omwe adasokonezeka.
Zoona zenizeni za Hanoi Hilton Zinafotokozedwa Kwina
Muyenera kutenga mbali ya ku America ya Hoa Lo Ndende kuchokera m'mabuku olembedwa ndi alendo akale a Hanoi Hilton. POWs otsatirawa ku Hoa Lo potsiriza analemba mabuku ofotokoza za zomwe anakumana nazo.
Admiral James Stockdale anaikidwa m'ndende yekhayekha ali ku Hoa Lo - anadzivulaza yekha kuti ateteze a Vietnamese kuti amugwiritse ntchito ngati chinyengo. Atatulutsidwa mu 1973, Admiral anatulutsa A Vietnam Vietnam: Zaka khumi Zoganizira za zaka zake mu Hanoi Hilton.
Mkulu wa Brigadier Robinson Risner anali mkulu wa POW ku Pulezidenti wa Hoa Lo. Risner potsirizira pake anamasula mbiri yakale, The Passing of the Night: Zaka Zisanu Zanga Monga Ndende ya North North Vietnam , yomwe ikufotokoza zochitika zake monga wamndende wa nkhondo ku Hoa Lo.
Senemala ndi mtsogoleri wa pulezidenti wa Republican wa 2008 John McCain anawomberedwa mu 1967 ndipo adatsekeredwa ku Hoa Lo kuyambira 1967 mpaka 1973. Kuvulala kwake ndi kuvulazidwa kunali koipa kwambiri, sanayembekezere kukhala ndi moyo, POWs anzake. Kenako McCain anafotokoza zochitika zake za Hoa Lo m'buku lake la Faith of My Fathers .
Chidziwitso cha American POW ku Hoa Lo Prison chinalimbikitsa filimuyo Hanoi Hilton yomwe idagwiritsa ntchito mafunsowo ndi a POWs omwe anali magwero a zochitika zowonongeka.
Kufika ku Hanoi Hilton
Njira yosavuta yopita ku Hoa Lo Ndende ndi taxi - 1 Pho Hoa Lo ili pambali ya Pho Ha Ba Trung, kumwera kwa Nyanja ya Hoan Kiem pamlomo wa Quarter ya France. Werengani za kayendetsedwe ka ndege ku Hanoi, Vietnam .
Ndende imatsegulidwa kuyambira 8 koloko mpaka 5 koloko masana, tsiku lirilonse la sabata, ndikutuluka masana 11:30 am mpaka 1:30 pm