Ngati mukukonzekera kupita ku South America, muyenera kudziwa chiwerengero cha zivomezi zomwe zikugwera dziko lonse chaka chilichonse. Ngakhale kuti anthu ena amaona zivomezi ngati zochitika zina, chaka chilichonse chaka chilichonse, zivomezi zoposa 1 miliyoni zimachitika. Komabe, ena amatha kwa mphindi zofanana ndi maola ndipo amatha kusintha kwambiri masewera pamene ena ndi zoopsa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa chiwonongeko chachikulu ndi imfa.
Zivomezi zazikulu zimene zimachitika ku South America, makamaka pamphepete mwa "Ring of Fire," zingayambitse tsunami zomwe zimawonongeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Chile ndi Peru ndipo zimafalikira nyanja yonse ya Pacific kupita ku Hawaii, Philippines, ndi Japan ndi mafunde aakulu nthawi zina kuposa mamita 100 pamwamba.
Pamene chiwonongeko chochuluka chikuchokera ku mphamvu zachirengedwe padziko lapansi, n'zovuta kulingalira ndikuvomereza kuwonongeka ndi chiwonongeko. Kupulumuka kumatichititsa kudabwa momwe tingapulumuke wina, komabe, zivomezi sizitha. Akatswiri amati akukonzekera zochitika zanu. Mwina sipangakhale chenjezo, koma ngati mwakonzeka, mungathe kupitilirapo zovutazo kusiyana ndi zina.
Chimene Chimachititsa Zivomezi ku South America
Pali zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chimodzi ndi lamba la Alpide lomwe limadutsa ku Ulaya ndi Asia, pamene lina ndi lamba la Pacific lomwe limayendayenda nyanja ya Pacific, lomwe limagonjetsa madera akumadzulo kwa North America ndi South America, Japan, ndi Philippines ndipo ili ndi Ring of Fire pamodzi m'mphepete mwa kumpoto kwa Pacific.
Zivomezi pamabotolo amenewa zimachitika pamene mbale ziwiri zapamwamba, pansi pa dziko lapansi, zimagwedezeka, zimafalikira, kapena zimagwedezana, zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, kapena mwamsanga. Zotsatira za ntchitoyi mofulumira ndi kumasulidwa mwadzidzidzi kwa kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zomwe zimasintha mu kayendetsedwe ka mawonekedwe.
Mafundewa amayendayenda padziko lapansi, ndikuyendetsa dziko lapansi. Zotsatira zake, mapiri akukwera, nthaka imagwa kapena kutsegulidwa, ndipo nyumba pafupi ndi ntchitoyi ingagwe, milatho ikhoza kuswa, ndipo anthu amatha kufa.
Ku South America, gawo lozungulira la Pacific limaphatikizapo mbale za Nazca ndi South America. Pakati pa masentimita atatu amayenda pakati pa mbale izi chaka chilichonse. Kuyenda uku ndi zotsatira za zitatu zosiyana, koma zochitika zogwirizana. Pafupifupi 1,4 mainchesi ya mbale ya Nazca ikuyenda bwino pansi pa South America, ndipo imachititsa kuti mapiri asokonezeke kwambiri; ndimasentimita 1.3 amasungidwa pa malire, ndikuwombera South America, ndipo amamasulidwa zaka zana limodzi kapena ziŵiri mu zivomezi zazikulu; ndipo pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi a South America kosatha, akumanga Andes.
Ngati chivomerezichi chimachitika pafupi kapena pansi pa madzi, kayendetsedwe kameneka kamayambitsa chiwombankhanga chotchedwa tsunami, chomwe chimapangitsa mafunde ofulumira komanso owopsa omwe angapangidwe ndi kuthawa mamita ambiri pamphepete mwa nyanja.
Kumvetsetsa Chiwerengero cha Zivomezi
Zaka zaposachedwapa, asayansi atha kumvetsetsa zivomezi powawerenga kudzera pa satelite, koma Richter Wamakono Scale olemekezeka kwambiri amakhalabe wodalirika pomvetsetsa momwe kukula kwake kuliri.
The Richter Magnitude Scale ndi nambala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kukula kwa chivomezi chimene chimapereka chivomezi chachikulu-kapena muyeso pa seismograph ya mphamvu ya mafunde a seismic otumizidwa kuchokera ku cholinga.
Chiwerengero chilichonse cha Richter Magnitude Scale chimaimira chivomezi chomwe chili ndi mphamvu makumi atatu ndi chimodzi kuposa mphamvu zonse zomwe zapitazo koma sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa kuwonongeka, komatu kukula ndi mphamvu. Mbewuyi yasinthidwa kuti pasakhale malire apamwamba. Posachedwapa, chiwerengero china chotchedwa Moment Magnitude Scale chakonzedwa kuti chidziŵe bwino kwambiri zivomezi zazikulu.
Mbiri ya Zivomezi Zazikulu ku South America
Malingana ndi United States Geological Survey (USGS), pakati pa zivomezi zazikulu kwambiri kuyambira mu 1900, zingapo zinachitikira ku South America ndi zazikulu kwambiri, chivomezi cha 9.5, chiwonongeko cha Chile mu 1960.
Chivomezi china chinachitika m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Ecuador, pafupi ndi Esmeraldas pa January 31, 1906, ndipo chinali ndi 8.8. Chivomezichi chinapangitsa kuti tsunami iwonongeke nyumba zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zinapha nyumba 49, zinapha anthu 500 ku Colombia, ndipo zinalembedwa ku San Diego ndi San Francisco, ndipo pa August 17, 1906, chivomezi 8.2 ku Chile chinawononga Valparaiso.
Kuwonjezera apo, zivomezi zina zazikulu ndi monga:
- Chivomezi cha ku May 31, 1970 ku Peru chomwe chinali ndi 7.9 chinapha 66,000 ndipo chinawononga madola 530,000, ndikuwononga mudzi wa Ranrahirca.
- Pa July 31, 1970, chivomezi chachikulu cha 8 chinakantha Colombia.
- Pa June 9, 1994, dziko la Bolivia linagwedezeka pa 8.2.
- Pa January 25, 1999, ku Colombia kunachitika chivomezi 6.2.
- Dziko la Pacific linasokonezeka ndi chivomezi cha 7.5 pa June 23, 2001.
- Pa November 15, 2004, chivomezi 7.2 chinayambira kumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Colombia, pafupi ndi Chocó.
- Pa August 15, 2007, chivomerezi cha 8.0 chinagunda San Vicente de Cañete, Lima, ku Peru.
- Pa September 16, 2015, chivomerezi cha 8.3 chinavula Illapel, Chile.
- Pa April 15, 2016, chivomerezi cha 7,8 chinafika m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Ecuador pafupi ndi Muisne ndi kuwonongeka mpaka ku Guayaquil.
Sizivomezi zokhazo zomwe zimapezeka ku South America. Anthu omwe analipo kale ku Columbiya sali m'mabuku a mbiri yakale, koma omwe akutsatira maulendo a Christopher Columbus amadziwika, kuyambira chivomezi cha 1530 ku Venezuela. Kuti mumve tsatanetsatane wa zivomezizi pakati pa 1530 ndi 1882, chonde werengani Mizinda ya ku South America Yowonongedwa, yomwe inayambitsidwa koyamba mu 1906.