Zonsezi ndi mbali ya Latin America, koma amagona kumayiko osiyanasiyana
Nthawi zina anthu sadziwa kuti kusiyana pakati pa South ndi Central America ndi kotani, ndi mayiko omwe ali m'deralo. Ndilo kulakwitsa kwadzidzidzi kumadera onse ku Latin America. Komabe, South ndi Central America ali pa makontinenti osiyanasiyana. Central America kwenikweni ndi mbali ya North America, limodzi ndi Canada, United States, Mexico, ndi mayiko a chilumba cha Caribbean.
South America ndi kontinenti yokha. Ngati mukukonzekera ulendo wakumwera kwa malire, phunzirani mapu mosamala musanayambe ulendo wanu.
Mbiri
Anthu amitundu yofanana ndi a Maya ndi a Olmec ankalamulira mzindawo ku Pre-Columbian Central America. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1500, atangotulukira "zisumbu" za Christopher Columbus zazilumba za Caribbean, anthu a ku Spain analamulira dziko lonselo. Kukhazikika kwawo koyamba kunali ku Panama mu 1509, ndipo mu 1519 Pedro Arias de Avila anayamba kuyang'ana kumpoto kwa Panama, kupita ku Central America. Herman Cortes adapitirizabe kulamulira m'zaka za m'ma 1520 ndipo adagonjetsa ndi kudula gawo lomwe Amaya ankachita zaka mazana ambiri. Anthu a ku Spain adabweretsa matenda, omwe adasokoneza chiwerengero cha anthu amtunduwu, ndipo adabweretsa Chikatolika, chomwe chinalowetsa chipembedzo chawo.
Ulamuliro wa Chisipanishi unatha mu September 1821, ndipo izi zinatsatiridwa mwachidule ndi bungwe lolamulira palokha la Central America linatsanzira United States.
Koma pofika mu 1840, izi zinagwera, ndipo aliyense anakhala mtundu wapadera. Ngakhale pakhala pali mayesero ena ogwirizanitsa mayiko a ku Central America, palibe amene akhala opambana, ndipo onse amakhalabe osiyana.
Mbiri ya South America ndi yofanana ndi yoyandikana naye kumpoto. Kumeneko, Inca inalamula ndipo idapambana isanayambe ndi Spain asanafike mu 1525 pa ulendo wochokera ku Panama wotsogoleredwa ndi Francisco Pizarro.
Monga ku Central America, amwenyewo anagonjetsedwa, Chikatolika chinakhala chipembedzo chovomerezeka, ndipo a ku Spain anapeza chuma chamakontinenti. South America inali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Spain kwa zaka pafupifupi 300 isanayambe kuyendetsa ufulu wodzilamulira kuti izi zitheke kumadera onse a Spain South America pofika mu 1821. Brazil inadzilamulira kuchokera ku Portugal mu 1822.
Geography
Central America, mbali ya North America, ndi mtunda wa makilomita 1,140 wamtunda umene umagwirizanitsa Mexico ndi South America. Zili kumbali ya kum'mawa ndi Nyanja ya Caribbean ndi kumadzulo ndi nyanja ya Pacific, popanda malo oposa makilomita 125 kuchokera ku Caribbean kapena Pacific. Malo otsetsereka otentha, nkhalango zam'mvula zamkuntho, ndi mathithi ali pafupi ndi madera, koma ambiri a ku Central America akuyenda ndi mapiri. Lili ndi mapiri omwe nthawi zina amatha kuphulika, ndipo derali ndilowopsezedwa kwambiri ku zivomerezi zazikulu.
South America, dziko lachinayi lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndilo zosiyanasiyana, ndi mapiri, mapiri, nyanja, ndi mitsinje. Lili ndi mtsinje waukulu kwambiri padziko lapansi (Amazon) komanso malo otayika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (Nyanja ya Atacama). Amazon Basin imatha makilomita oposa 2,7 miliyoni ndipo ndi yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Ikuphimbidwa ndi mvula yamvula yamkuntho, pamene Andes amafikira kumlengalenga ndikupanga msana wa kontinenti. South America ili malire kummawa ndi nyanja ya Atlantic, kumadzulo kwa Pacific, ndi kumpoto ndi nyanja ya Caribbean. Atlantic ndi Pacific amakumana kummwera kwa kumwera kwa South America.
Malingaliro
Central America imayambira mlatho wake kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku South America ku Guatemala ndi Belize ndipo ikugwirizanitsa ku South America kumene Panama ikugwira Colombia. Onsewa ndi olankhula Chisipanishi komanso olankhula Chisipanishi pokhapokha ku Belize, omwe ndi dziko lolankhula Chingerezi.
South America, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ku South America, ikuphatikizapo mayiko 12. Ambiri amalankhula Chisipanishi ndi malo a Spain. Brazil, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi Apwitikizi, ndikulankhula Chipwitikizi. Anthu a ku Guyana amalankhula Chingerezi, ndipo Dutch ndi chinenero chovomerezeka cha Suriname.
French Guiana si dziko koma m'mayiko akutsidya lina la France ndi Creole vibe ndi nyanja ya Atlantic.
Malo Otchuka
Zina mwa madera apamwamba oti muyende ku Central America ndi Tikal, Guatemala; msewu waukulu wa Hummingbird ku Belize; Mzinda wa Panama; ndi Monteverde ndi Santa Elena, Costa Rica.
Dziko la South America lili ndi zikuluzikulu zazikulu zokopa alendo zomwe zikuphatikizapo zilumba za Galapagos; Rio de Janiero; Cusco ndi Machu Picchu, Peru; Buenos Aires; ndi Cartagena ndi Bogota, Colombia.
Mayiko ku Central America
Mayiko asanu ndi awiri amapanga Central America, omwe achokera kumalire a kumwera kwa Mexico mpaka kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Brazil ku South America.
- Belize : Dziko lolankhula Chingerezi lomwe lili kumbali ya nyanja ya Caribbean limadziwika ndi mabwinja ake aakulu komanso mapiri a Mayan.
- Costa Rica : Malo omwe ali pakati pa nyanja ya Pacific ndi Caribbean, dziko lalikulu la Costa Rica ndilo mabombe ake, mapiri komanso nkhalango zam'mapiri.
- El Salvador : Dziko laling'ono kwambiri komanso lokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Central America limatumiza khofi, limatulutsa pupusa chokoma, ndipo lili ndi mapiri okwana 20, ena mwa iwo ndi othandiza.
- Guatemala : Mudzi wakale wa Tikal, malo a UNESCO World Heritage, ndi malo ena akuluakulu a Mayan ku Central America ndipo ali ndi makachisi oposa 3,000, mapiramidi, ndi zina.
- Honduras : Mathanthwe a ku Honduras ndi a Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, omwe ali kachiwiri kukula kwa Australia Great Barrier Reef.
- Nicaragua : Dziko lalikulu la Central America ndilo la Granada, mzinda wakale kwambiri wa ku Spain ku Central America.
- Panama : Dzikoli limagwirizanitsa Central ndi South America ndipo chidwi cha Panama Canal chikugwirizanitsa nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Pacific.
Mayiko ku South America
South America imatambasula mailosi 6,89 miliyoni ndipo ili ndi mayiko 12 odzilamulira.
- Argentina : Argentina, dziko lachisanu ndi chitatu lalikulu kwambiri, ndi kumene mungapeze mapiri a Andes, nyimbo za tango ndi kuvina, ndi likulu lapamwamba la Buenos Aires.
- Bolivia : Bolivia ili ndi nkhalango ya Amazon, Mapiri a Andes, ndi Nyanja ya Titicaca, yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 12,536 ndi nyanja yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse.
- Brazil : Brazil ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri la South America ndi Central America komanso lachisanu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndili kunyumba yosangalatsa ya Carnival ya Rio de Janeiro, nyanja ya Copacabana ndi Ipanema, ndi chifaniziro cha Yesu Khristu pa phiri la Corcovado.
- Chile : Mu Chile, mudzapeza nyanja ya Pacific, mapiri a Andes ndi Chilea Coast Range, Easter Island, vinyo wamkulu, ndi Dambo la Atacama, malo ovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
- Colombia : Colombia, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Amazon, Nyanja ya Caribbean, ndi Pacific Ocean, ndilo mlendo Gabriel Garcia Marquez ndi mzinda wa Medellín, wotchedwa "City of Eternal Spring".
- Ecuador : Ecuador, yomwe ili ku equator, ndi kumene mungakonzere malo osungirako zachikatolika ku Spain, nkhalango ya Amazon, mapiri a Andes, ndi zinyama zambiri za zilumba za Galapagos.
- Guyana : Guyana amene amalankhula Chingerezi amagawana ndi chikhalidwe cha Caribbean ndipo ali ndi mitengo yamvula. Mzinda wa Georgetown, womwe uli likulu la dzikoli, uli ndi malo okongola kwambiri a Dutch colonial ndi Britain.
- Paraguay : Paragay, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "Mtima wa South America," ili ndi malo osungirako bwino a Yesuit, malo akuluakulu a Chaco omwe sakhalamo, ndi Iguacu Falls, womwe ndi wamtali komanso kawiri konse ngati Niagara Falls.
- Peru : Peru ndi yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha Machu Picchu ndi Incan Trail, koma imadziŵikanso ndi ceviche, chakudya chokoma cha nsomba zofiira mu marinade wa madzi a mandimu ndi tsabola.
- Suriname : Podziwika kuti Dutch Guiana, Suriname ndi dziko laling'ono kwambiri ku South America ndi nyumba ya St. Peter ndi Paul Cathedral Basilica, imodzi mwa nyumba zazikulu kwambiri zamatabwa padziko lapansi.
- Uruguay : Malo a Atlantic Ocean, Uruguay ili ndi mabomba okongola, kuphatikizapo malo omwe mungapeze La Mano, chithunzi chochokera mchenga mumzinda wotchuka wa Punta del Este.
- Venezuela : Ku Venezuela kuli malo ambiri odyetserako zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo Canaima National Park, komwe mungakumane ndi Angel Falls, yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamita 3,208, ndikumtunda kwakukulu kwambiri kosasokonezeka.