Gossypium barbadense , yomwe imadziwika kuti Pima cotton, imalimidwa masiku ambiri m'madera akuluakulu a pamba. Chothonje chotchukachi, chomwe chimagulidwa kwambiri pamsika wa msika, chikukulabe kumpoto kwa Peru - kumene malo ake amapezeka, ndipo amadziwika kuti Pima cotton ya Peruvia.
Mbiri Yachidule ya Pima Cotton ya Peru
Gossypium barbadense anapatsidwa dzina lakuti "Pima" cotton pofuna kulemekeza anthu a mtundu wa Native American Pima omwe poyamba adakolola thonje ku United States.
Ambiri mwa anthu a Pima adagwiritsa ntchito famu yoyesera pofuna kulima mitundu iyi ya thonje, munda womwe unayambidwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Ulimi ku United States (USDA) kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ku Sacaton, Arizona.
Ngakhale dzina lodziwika la zomera linayambira ku North America, chiyambi chake cha mbiriyakale chimakhulupirira kuti ndi South America. Umboni wamabwinja umasonyeza kuti Gossypium barbadense inayamba kukolola m'chigawochi chomwe chili pakati pa nyanja ya kumpoto kwa Peru ndi kum'mwera kwa Ecuador. Zigawo za potsulo zopezeka ku Peru zakhala zikuyambira kale mpaka mu 3100 BC Akatswiri ofufuza miyala ya Archaeologists adapeza zitsanzo za thonje za nthawi ino mu kufukula kwa Huaca Prieta m'dera la La Libertad kumpoto kwa Peru, malo omwe ali m'dera lamakono la kukula kwa thonje.
Malingana ndi Plant Resources ya webusaiti ya Tropical Africa (PROTA4U), "Ku Peru, katundu wa thonje wochokera ku Gossypium barbadense monga nsalu, zingwe, ndi nsomba za nsomba zafika pafupifupi 2500 BC"
Ma Incas nayenso ankakolola thonje ku mtundu wa Gossypium barbadense , kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazochita zogwira ntchito komanso zojambula. Njira zawo zogwiritsira ntchito thonje ndi ubwino wa zovala zawo zinakhudza Amagonjetsedwe a ku Spain, amuna omwewo omwe pomalizira pake anachititsa njira zambiri za Inca zokugwiritsira ntchito nsalu kuti ziwonongeke panthawi yogonjetsa dziko la Peru.
Ulendo weniweni wa kusintha kwa Gossypium barbadense ndi wovuta. Ngakhale kuti G. barbadense imachokera ku madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Ecuador ndi ku Peru, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe tsopano ikulimidwa ku Peru ingakhale yopangidwa ku America kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, yomwe idadutsa ndi Egypt ELS cotton. Zovuta? Inde.
Monga zikuyimira, dzina la Peruvia Pima cotton limasiyanitsa mitundu ya Gossypium barbadense yopangidwa ku Peru kuchokera ku mitundu ina, monga American Pima.
Kodi N'chiyani Chimachititsa Kuti Pima Cotton ya Peru Ikhale Yofunika Kwambiri?
Koti ndi thonje - kapena kodi? Stephen Yafa, m'buku lake la Cotton: The Biography of Revolutionary Fiber , akuwunikira kufunikira kwa kutalika kwa mitundu yonse ya mtundu wa fiber. Thonje lamtengo wapatali limakhala losiyana ndi kanyumba kaŵirikaŵiri kaŵirikaŵiri kuti nsaluzo ndizitali, ndipo kusiyana kumeneku n'kofunika. Yafa ikuyerekezera izi ndi "kusiyana pakati pa vinyo wophika bwino kwambiri ndi Chateau ya kumwamba Lafite-Rothschild."
Gossypium barbadense , kapena pota cotton, imagawidwa ngati chowonjezera chaching'ono chotchedwa Ethton cotton (ELS cotton). Mafuta a Pima cotton akhoza kukhala oposa mawiri aatali, omwe amathandiza Pima cotton kukhala osiyana ndi makhalidwe abwino.
Mu 2004, lipoti lapadziko lonse la US Trade Commission lotchedwa Textiles ndi Apparel: Kufufuza kwa Mpikisano wa Ogulitsa Ena ku US Market kunanena izi:
"Pima cotoni ya Peru yotchedwa pima cotton inati ndi mpikisano wokongola kwambiri wa ku Egypt ndipo imadziŵika kuti ndi yokongola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso yafeweti, malinga ndi mmene ena opangira zovala za ku America amachitira," okonda silika. ""
Kuphatikizika kwa zofewa, mphamvu, ndi kukhazikika kwapuma kwachititsa Pima cotton kukhala malo ake onse monga thonje lamtengo wapatali. Njira za kukolola ku Peru zingathenso kuonjezera mtundu wonse wa mankhwalawa. Kusintha kwa njira ya kukula kwa thonje kwachionekere kunachitika ku Peru, koma minda yambiri ya ku Peru ya Pima ikukololabe thonje. Kukhazikitsa manja kumabweretsa zofooka zochepa mumphuno, kumapereka ngakhale kumapeto kwambiri. Iyenso ndi njira yowonjezera yogwirizana ndi zachilengedwe.
Kugula Pota Pima ku Peru
Masiku ano, pota cotoni ya Peruya imalimidwa makamaka kumpoto kwa mabomba a Piura ndi Chira, monga kwa zaka zikwi zambiri.
Mvula ndi nthaka zimakhala bwino, ndi mvula yoyenera nyengo ndi kutentha.
Ngakhale kuti khalidwe lovomerezeka padziko lonse la Pima cotton la Peru, alendo oyenda kunja amatha kugula (ndipo ali ndi chidziwitso china) nsalu zochokera ku Peru , makamaka alpaca ndi vicuña. Zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku ubweya wa alpaca zimakonda kwambiri, pokhala okalamba - ndikumakumbukira.
Chimodzi mwa kusiyana kumeneku kutchuka ndi chifukwa cha Peruvian trends trends. Anthu oyenda m'mayiko ena akupita kumadera akumwera kwa dziko la Peru, ku malo otchuka kwambiri monga Machu Picchu , Cusco, Arequipa ndi Nazca Lines . Mosiyana ndi mutu wochepa kumbali ya gombe la kumpoto la Peru , dera lomwe Pima la Peru limakula.
Koma ngati mumapita kumpoto m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamtundu wapamwamba pamwamba pa Lima, khalani maso kwa mankhwala a Pima cotton, kuphatikizapo T-shirt, madiresi ndi zovala zazing'ono zofewa za ana. Malingana ngati mukupeza wogulitsa wodalirika (osati wina yemwe akuyesera kugulitsa thonje yapamwamba monga Pima), khalidweli lidzakhala lapamwamba komanso mitengo yoposa yololera - simungapeze zinthu zenizeni za Pima ku Peru pazomwe mukupeza kunyumba.
Zolemba:
- Stephen Yafa - Cotton: Biography ya Revolutionary Fiber , Penguin, 2005
- Lipoti la US International Trade Commission - Zojambula ndi Zovala: Kuunika kwa Mpikisano wa Otsatsa Amayiko Ena ku US Market , 2004
- Oxford Business Group - Lipoti: Peru 2012
- PROTA4U - "Gossypium barbadense L."