Zoona Zomwe Zimayambitsa Nkhanza ku Hawaii
Ziŵeto za Shark zimapanga nkhani m'nkhani. Kodi nchiyani chomwe chiri kumbuyo kwa kuukira kwa nsomba ku Hawaii, ndipo mungachite chiyani kuti muchepetse chiopsezo?
Msonkhano wa Maui, pa April 29, 2015, ponena za kupha nsomba ku Makena pachilumba cha Maui, kunayang'ana ku zida za nsomba padziko lonse lapansi komanso ku Hawaii. Wopwetekedwayo anali mayi wazaka 65 yemwe thupi lake linapezedwa pafupifupi mamita 200 pamphepete mwa nyanja.
Nkhani zowonongeka kwa nsomba zimakhala zolemba m'nyuzipepala zambiri komanso m'ma TV.
Kutchuka kulikonse ndikokudetsa nkhaŵa kwa malonda a ku Hawaii, omwe amadalira kwambiri alendo omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino. Tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule zowonongeka kwa nsomba ku Hawaii ndipo phunzirani zimene mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo.
Funso : Kodi ndi mwayi wotani wakuukiridwa ndi shark m'madzi a Hawaii?
Yankho: N'zosatheka. Kuyambira pa June 30, 2016, ku United States kunachitika zigawenga zinayi zokha. Mu 2015, alendo pafupifupi 8 miliyoni anabwera ku zilumbazi ndipo panali zigawenga khumi zokha zomwe zinayambitsa ululu. Mu 2014, panali zigawenga 6 zomwe zinauzidwa ndi kuvulala kokha.
Funso : Kodi chiŵerengero cha nkhanza za shark chikuwonjezeka?
Yankho: Osati kwenikweni. Kuchokera mu 1990 nambala yowerengeka ya zigawenga za shark yakhala ikuyambira pa 1 mpaka 14. Kuyambira nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, chiwerengero cha alendo ku Hawaii chawonjezeka kwambiri zaka khumi. Alendo ambiri amatanthauza anthu ambiri m'madzi, omwe amachititsa kuti ziwonongeke.
Funso : Kodi chidziwitso cha mbiriyakale pa masoka a shark ku Hawaii ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Kuchokera mu 1828 mpaka June 2016 pakhala pali 150 zokhazikitsidwa zosagonjetsedwa ndi nsomba ku Hawaii. Zaka khumi mwazizi zinkaphedwa. (gwero la International Shark Attack File, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida)
Funso: Kodi nsomba za shark zimayambitsa ngozi yaikulu m'madzi a Hawaii?
Yankho: Ayi ndithu. Anthu ambiri amamwalira chaka chilichonse poyerekeza ndi madzi omwe amadzivulaza chifukwa cha kuswa kwa shark. Madzi a Hawaii sakudziwiratu. Mphepete ndi maulendo ozungulira amasiyana tsiku ndi tsiku. Pafupifupi anthu 60 amamwalira chaka chilichonse mwa kumizidwa mumadzi a Hawaii.
(Source-State of Hawaii Dipatimenti ya Umoyo Wowononga Kupewa ndi Kulamulira Pulogalamu)
Funso: Chifukwa chiyani nsomba zikuukira anthu?
Yankho: Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingatheke. Choyamba, pali mitundu makumi anayi ya sharki yomwe imapezeka mumadzi a Hawaii. Awa ndi chilengedwe chawo chachilengedwe. Mwa asanu ndi atatu awa amapezeka kufupi ndi gombe, kuphatikizapo Sandbar, Reef Whitetip. Hammerhead ndi Scalloped ndi Tiger Shark. Madzi a ku Hawaii amakhala ndi nyama zambiri za shark, monga zisindikizo za monk , nyanja za m'nyanja komanso ana aamuna a m'nyanja . Anthu si nyama yankhanza ya nsomba. Zikuoneka kuti pamene chiwonongeko chimachitika, munthu akulakwitsa chifukwa cha nyama ina. Nkhono za Shark zimakopeka ndi madzi omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ngalawa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawomba nsomba zimakhalabe ndi magazi.
(gwero - Hawaiian Lifeguard Association)
Funso: Kodi munthu angachite chiyani kuti achepetse chiopsezo chokumenyedwa ndi shark?
Yankho: Podziwa zambiri zokhudza nsomba, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono, chiopsezo chovulaza chingachepe kwambiri.
Boma la Task Force la ku Hawaii la Shark limalimbikitsa njira zotsatirazi zochepetsera chiopsezo cholumidwa ndi shark:
- Musasambira nokha.
- Sambani m'madera otetezedwa.
- Pewani kusambira madzulo.
- Osasambira ndi mabala a magazi.
- Pewani madzi osungunula.
- Musamabvala zodzikongoletsera kapena zosiyana kwambiri.
- Pewani kuswa kwambiri.
- Osasambira ngati nsomba zikudziwika kuti zilipo.
- Khalani ochenjera ngati nkhumba ndi nsomba zikuthawa.
- Chotsani nsomba zolimbidwa m'madzi.
(Gwero - Gawo la Hawaii Shark Task Force)
Kulimbikitsidwa Kuwerenga
Sharks & Rays a Hawaii
ndi Gerald L. Crow ndi Jennifer Crites
Sharks ndi Rays za Hawaii zimapitirira zongoganiza zofanana kuti aone zizoloŵezi, malo, ndi mbiri za zolengedwa zokongola izi.
Kuukira kwa Shark: Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Kupewa
ndi Thomas B. Allen, The Lyons Press
Nkhonoyi imasinthidwa bwino kuti izi zikhalepo pa dziko lapansi.
Pamene anthu alowetsa chiwerengero chimenecho pakuwonjezeka manambala, monga momwe alili m'zaka zaposachedwa, zotsatira zingakhale zowawa komanso zikuwoneka ngati zosasintha. Wolemba Tom Allen wasanthula mosamala zochitika zonse za shark padziko lonse lapansi.
Sharks wa Hawaii: Biology yawo ndi Chikhalidwe Chofunika
ndi Leighton Taylor, University of Hawaii Press
Kuwoneka pa nsomba zambiri komanso, makamaka, mitundu ya anthu okhala ku Hawaii. Wolembayo amapereka mbiri ya sayansi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu ndikuwunikira kufunika kwawo ndi chikhalidwe chawo mu chikhalidwe cha ku Hawaii.
Tigers of the Sea: Hawaii's Deadly Sharks
ndi Jim Borg, Mutual Publishing
Wolembayo akuyang'ana nsomba za tiger - mitundu yowopsa kwambiri ya ku Hawaii, kuchokera kwa oyang'anira surfers, asayansi, atsogoleri a boma ndi mbadwa za Hawaii.