3 Malo Oyera Achidisha a Budisha ndi zochitika

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Zambiri za malo a Buddhist mu Odisha

Mungathe kukhululukidwa chifukwa chosadziwa za malo opatulika achi Buddha ku Orissa (Odisha). Pambuyo pake, iwo afufuzidwa posachedwapa ndipo makamaka sanadziwe. Komabe, malo oposa Achibuddha oposa 200, omwe amwazikana kudutsa dziko lonse lapansi, anawululidwa ndi zofukula zakale. Amasonyeza kuti Buddhism ikupezeka ku Odisha kuyambira zaka za m'ma 6 BC kufika zaka za m'ma 1600 AD, ndi zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ziphunzitso za Chibuda za magulu onse (kuphatikizapo Hinayana, Mahayana, Tantayana ndi zipolopolo monga Vajrayana, Kalacakrayana ndi Sahajayana) zikukhulupiriridwa kuti zakhala zikuchitika ku Odisha, kupatsa boma chuma chambiri cha Chibuda.

Malo a Buddhist aakulu kwambiri amapezeka pa malo atatu - Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, ndi Lalitagiri - otchedwa "Diamond Triangle". Malowa amakhala ndi nyumba zam'nyumba, nyumba zamapemphero, malo opatulika, zithunzi, ndi zithunzi zokongola za mafano a Buddhist. Malo awo akumidzi, pakati pa mapiri okongola ndi minda ya paddy, ndi yokongola komanso yamtendere.

Ulendo wa Odisha watha zaka zingapo zapitazi kukhala ndi malo okaona malo ozungulira malo awa ofunikira a Buddhist, omwe tsopano ndi malo amodzi oyendera alendo ku Odisha.

Kodi Mungayendere Bwanji Malo Ofunika Achipembedzo a Odisha?

Odisha ndi "Diamond Triangle" malo a Buddhist (Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, ndi Lalitagiri) ali m'mapiri a Assia, pafupi ndi maola awiri kumpoto kwa Bhubaneshwar. Bwalo la ndege lapafupi ndilo ku Bhubaneshwar pomwe sitima yaikulu yapamtunda yayitali ku Cuttack.

Dipatimenti ya Indian Railway ya Mahaparinirvan Express Buddhist Tourist Train inayamba kuyamba ndi malo a Odisha a Buddhist, ngakhale kuti izi zinasokonezeka chifukwa cha kusalimbikitsa. Swosti Travels ndilo lalikulu kwambiri loperekera maulendo opita ku Odisha ndipo akhoza kusamalira makonzedwe onse, kuphatikizapo galimoto.

Anthu omwe akufuna kupita maulendo pawokha akhoza kukhala ku hotelo ya Toshali ku Ratnagiri (yotsegulidwa mu April 2013). Zili pafupi ndi Archaeological Museum komanso pafupi ndi zochitika za Buddhist. Udayagiri ali pamtunda wa makilomita 10 kuchokera ku Ratnagiri, pamene Lalitagiri ili pafupi makilomita 20 kutali.

Kodi Nthawi Yabwino Yoyendela Ndi Yiti?

Miyezi yowuma yozizira kuyambira October mpaka March ndiyo yabwino kwambiri. Apo ayi, nyengo imakhala yotentha kwambiri mu April ndi May isanayambe.

Pemphani kuti mudziwe zambiri za malo atatu a Buddha omwe amafunikira kwambiri.

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Ratnagiri

Ratnagiri, "Hill of Jewels", ili ndi mabwinja ambiri a Buddhist ku Odisha ndipo ndi ofunikira kwambiri ngati malo a Chibuddhist - zonse zojambula zake zokongola komanso ngati maziko a ziphunzitso za Chibuda. Chimodzi mwa mayunivesite oyambirira a Buddhist padziko lapansi, akutsutsana ndi wotchuka ku Nalanda (ku Bihar), amakhulupirira kuti anali ku Ratnagiri.

Malo a Chibuddhist ku Ratnagiri amatha zaka za m'ma 6 AD AD. Zikuwoneka kuti Chibuddha chinapambana chosasunthika kumeneko mpaka zaka za zana la 12 AD. Poyambirira, linali likulu la Mahayana Buddhist. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi AD, adakhala malo ofunika kwambiri a Tantic Buddhism. Pambuyo pake, iyo inathandiza kwambiri pakukhazikitsa Kalachakra Tantra.

Malo a Ratnagiri anapezeka m'chaka cha 1905. Zakafukufuku zomwe zinachitika pakati pa 1958 ndi 1961 zinawonekera nyumba yaikulu, nyumba zinyumba ziwiri, malo opatulika, ndi malo ambirimbiri (zofukulazo zinalipo mazana asanu ndi awiri!), Malo ambiri a miyala ya terracotta ndi miyala ziboliboli, zidutswa zomangamanga, ndi zakale zambiri zaku Buddhist kuphatikizapo zinthu zamkuwa, zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa (zina ndi zithunzi za Buddha).

Nyumba ya amonke yotchedwa Monastery 1, yomangidwa m'zaka za zana la 8 ndi 9, AD, ndiyo nyumba yaikulu yonyumba yosungirako zida ku Odisha. Zitseko zake zobiriwira zowonongeka zimatsogolera ku matabwa 24. Palinso zojambula zokongola za Buddha, zopangidwa ndi Padmapani ndi Vajrapani, m'chigawo chapakatikati.

Zithunzi zazikulu zamwala za mutu wa Ambuye Buddha ku Ratnagiri zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Mitu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri ya kukula kwake kwakukulu, kuwonetsera mwaulemerero malingaliro ofanana a Buddha, anapezeka panthawi yofukula. Iwo amawoneka ngati ntchito zabwino za luso.

Zithunzi zambiri zamwala zinachotsedwanso ku malowa ndipo tsopano zikuwonetsedwa m'mabwalo anayi ku Archaeological Museum ku Ratnagiri. Zimatseguka tsiku lililonse kuyambira 10am mpaka 5 koloko, kupatula Lachisanu.

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Udayagiri

Udayagiri, "Sunrise Hill", ndi nyumba ina yaikulu ya Buddhist ku Odisha. Zimapangidwa ndi njerwa za njerwa, nyumba ziwiri za njerwa, miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe ili ndi zolembedwamo, komanso zithunzi zambiri za Buddhist.

Malo a Udayagiri adayikidwa kumbuyo kwa zaka za m'ma 1300 AD. Ngakhale kuti anapeza mu 1870, zofukula sizinayambike mpaka 1985. Zidapangidwa magawo awiri m'madera awiri ozungulira mamita 200 - Udayagiri 1 kuchokera 1985 mpaka 1989, ndi Udayagiri 2 kuyambira 1997 mpaka 2003. Zotsalira zimasonyeza kuti midzi idatchedwa "Madhavapura Mahavihara" ndi "Simhaprastha Mahavihara", mwaulemu.

Kumbali ya Udayagiri 1 ili ndi ziboliboli zinayi zokhala ndi miyala za Ambuye Buddha, zomwe zimayikidwa ndikuyang'anizana ndi njira iliyonse. Nyumba ya amonke imakhalanso yodabwitsa, yokhala ndi maselo 18 ndi chipinda chopatulika chomwe chimakhala chojambula chokongola kwambiri. Zofukulazo zinapanga zithunzi zambiri za Buddhist ndi ziboliboli zamiyala za Buddhist divinities.

Ku Udayagiri 2, muli makina akuluakulu a monastic okhala ndi maselo 13 ndi fano lalikulu la Buddha, atakhala mu bhumisparsa mudra . Zokongola zake zimakhala zozizwitsa zapakati pa 8th-9th AD AD. Chomwe chiri chosiyana ndi nyumba ya amonkeyi ndi njira yozungulira kachisi wake, omwe sapezeka mumidzi ina iliyonse yamtundu wa Odisha.

Chidwi china ku Udayagiri ndi zithunzi za miyala ya Buddhist, yomwe imadutsa mtsinje wa Birupa (womwe umatchedwa Solapuamaa) m'munsimu. Pali mafano asanu omwe ali ndi kukula kwa moyo wa Boddhisattva, yemwe ndi Buddha, mulungu wamkazi atakhala pansi pa stupa, wina yemwe akuyimira Boddhisattva, ndi Boddhisattva atakhalapo.

Malo a Udayagiri akulonjeza chuma chambiri, popeza akadakali zambiri zoti apange.

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Lalitagiri

Mabwinja a Lalitagiri, osakhala ochulukirapo monga a Ratnagiri ndi Udayagiri, akuchokera ku Buddhist yakale kwambiri ku Odisha. Kufukula kwakukulu kunachitika kuchokera mu 1985 mpaka 1992 umboni wosonyeza kuti ukupitilira kugwira ntchito kuyambira mu zaka za m'ma 2000 BC kufika m'zaka za zana la 13 AD.

Zomwe anafukulazo zinapeza nyumba yamatabwa , nyumba yosungiramo zipilala kapena chaityagriha , nyumba zinyumba zinayi, ndi ziboliboli zambiri zamwala za Buddha ndi a Buddhist divinities.

Mosakayikira, chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chomwe anapeza chinali ma caskets atatu (awiri okhala ndi fupa la fupa) mkati mwa stupa ku Lalitgiri. Buku lachi Buddha limanena kuti pambuyo pa imfa ya Buddha, mabungwe ake adagawidwa pakati pa ophunzira ake kuti aziyikidwa m'kati mwake. Choncho, zikuoneka kuti zotsalirazo zinali za Buddha mwiniwake, kapena mmodzi mwa ophunzira ake otchuka. Boma la Odisha likufuna kusonyeza ma caskets mu nyumba yosungirako zinthu ku Lalitagiri m'tsogolomu.

Nyumba yosungiramo zida zapamwamba ku Lalitagiri ndiyenso yoyamba mu mtundu wa Buddhism ku Odisha (Jain mmodzi anapezeka pamalo ena kale). Nyumba yopemphereramo imeneyi imakhala ndi mapeto ozungulira ndipo ili ndi stupa pakati, ngakhale kuti yawonongeka kwambiri. Chilembo chimatanthauzira zochitikazo mpaka zaka mazana awiri ndi 3 AD.

Zithunzi zambiri zachibuda za Buddhist zomwe anazipeza pofufuzira zimapezeka m'zithunzi zopangidwa pafupi ndi nyumba za ambuye. Komabe, mwachiwonekere, amapanga zosakwana 50 peresenti yamtengo wapachiyambi wa webusaitiyi. Ena mwachisoni akhala atatayika, pamene ena adasinthidwa kupita ku malo osungiramo zinthu zakale kumalo ena.