Kodi Bilharzia ndi chiyani?
Chidziwitso chotchedwa s chistosomiasis kapena matenda a nkhono, bilharzia ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mphulupulu zotchedwa schistosomes. Mankhwalawa amanyamula nkhono zamadzi, ndipo anthu amatha kutenga kachilombo kaye pambuyo poyang'anizana ndi madzi owonongeka kuphatikizapo mabwato, nyanja ndi ngalande. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za mkati.
Malingana ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, anthu pafupifupi 258 miliyoni anali ndi matenda a bilharzia m'chaka cha 2014. Ngakhale kuti matendawa sali opha mwamsanga, ngati osatulutsidwa iwo akhoza kuwononga kwambiri mkati mwake ndipo pamapeto pake, imfa. Zimapezeka m'madera ena a Asia ndi South America, koma zikufala kwambiri ku Africa, makamaka m'madera otentha komanso m'mayiko a ku Sahara.
Kodi Bilharzia Achita Zotani?
Nyanja ndi ngalande poyamba zimadetsedwa pambuyo poti anthu ali ndi bilharzia urinate kapena amalepheretsa. Mazira a schistosoma amachokera kwa munthu wodwala m'madzi kupita kumadzi, kumene amathyola ndikugwiritsira ntchito nkhono zamadzi monga wolandirira kubereka. Mphutsiyi imatulutsidwa m'madzi, kenako imatha kupyolera mu khungu la anthu omwe amabwera kumadzi kusambira, kusambira, kusamba zovala kapena nsomba.
Mphutsi imayamba kukhala akuluakulu omwe amakhala m'magazi, kuwathandiza kuti ayende kuzungulira thupi ndikupatsira ziwalo kuphatikizapo mapapo, chiwindi ndi matumbo.
Pakatha masabata angapo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo tina. N'zotheka kugwirizanitsa bilharzia kudzera mukumwa madzi opanda madzi; Komabe, matendawa sali otheka ndipo sangathe kupitsidwanso kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kumzake.
Kodi Bilharzia Angapewe Bwanji?
Palibe njira yodziwira ngati madzi ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a bilharzia; Komabe, ziyenera kuonedwa ngati zotheka kumadera onse akummwera kwa Sahara, Africa, ku mtsinje wa Nile, Sudan ndi Egypt, komanso ku Maghreb Region kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa.
Ngakhale kuti kwenikweni kusambira madzi akusambira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotetezeka, njira yokhayo yopezera chiopsezo cha bilharzia kwathunthu sikuti azichita chilichonse.
Makamaka, pewani kusambira m'madera omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi kachilombo, kuphatikizapo nyanja zambiri za Rift Valley ndi Nyanja yokongola ya Malawi . Mwachiwonekere, kumwa madzi osasamalidwa ndizolakwika, makamaka ngati bilharzia ndi chimodzi mwa matenda ambiri a ku Africa omwe amachotsedwa ndi madzi owonongeka. Kwa nthawi yaitali, njira zothetsera vutoli zimaphatikizapo kusungirako zowonongeka, kuyendetsa nkhono komanso kuwonjezeka kwa madzi otetezeka.
Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira za Bilharzia
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya bilharzia: schistosomiasis ya urogenital ndi matumbo a m'mimba. Zizindikiro zowonekera chifukwa cha wogwidwayo pochita mazira a tizilombo, m'malo mwa tizilombo tokha. Chizindikiro choyamba cha kachilombo ndi khungu ndi / kapena khungu lofewa, lomwe limatchedwa Swimmer's Itch. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ndi ma ola angapo akukhudzidwa, ndipo zimatha kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Izi ndizo zokhazokha zoyambirira za matenda, monga zizindikiro zina zingatenge masabata atatu mpaka asanu kuti awonekere. Kwa schistosomiasis ya urogenital, chizindikiro chofunika ndi magazi m'mkodzo. Kwa amayi, amatha kupweteka kugonana komanso kumayambitsa magazi a m'mimba komanso zilonda za m'mimba (zomwe zimapangitsa kuti odwalawo atenge kachilombo ka HIV).
Kwa amuna ndi akazi onse, khansara ya chikhodzodzo ndi infertility zingabwere kuchokera ku nthawi yayitali poyerekeza ndi tizilombo ta schistosoma.
Matumbo a m'mimba amadziwonetsera kudzera mu zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kutopa, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba komanso kupitirira magazi. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amachititsanso kuti chiwindi ndi nthenda zikulitse; komanso chiwindi ndi / kapena impso kulephera. Ana amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi bilharzia, ndipo amatha kudwala matenda ochepetsa magazi m'thupi, kukula kovuta komanso mavuto omwe amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti azitha kuwerenga ndi kuphunzira kusukulu.
Kuchiza kwa Bilharzia:
Ngakhale kuti zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za bilharzia zingakhale zowopsya, pali mankhwala oletsa anti-schistosomiasis. Praziquantel imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu yonse ya matendawa, ndipo ndi yotetezeka, yotsika mtengo komanso yotheka kuti zisawonongeke nthawi yaitali.
Kufufuza kungakhale kovuta, komabe makamaka ngati mukufuna kuchipatala m'dziko limene bilharzia sichikuwoneka. Pa chifukwa ichi, nthawi zonse ndizofunika kunena kuti mwangobwera kumene kuchokera ku Africa.
Nkhaniyi inasinthidwa ndi Jessica Macdonald pa September 5, 2016.