Pa zinyama zonse zomwe zimayendayenda panyumba ya Africa, nthendayi ndi imodzi mwa zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Mwinamwake ndi mphamvu yachibadwa ya mphamvu yomwe imaperekedwa ndi mawonekedwe awo akale; kapena mwinamwake ndizoona kuti ngakhale kukula kwake, ziphuphu zimatha kusuntha ndi chisomo chodabwitsa. Chomvetsa chisoni ndi chakuti, posachedwapa ma fosholo omwe akuwombera maulendo awo amachititsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuti chilichonse chomwe chimachokera ku matsenga awo, mibadwo ya mtsogolo sichidzadziwika.
Mbiri ya Poaching
Zaka 150 zapitazo, mahatchi oyera ndi akuda ambiri anali m'madera ambiri akummwera kwa Sahara. Kusaka kosagwirizana ndi anthu a ku Ulaya anawona chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa kwambiri; koma sizinafike mpaka m'ma 1970 ndi 80s kuti kupha nkhumba kwa nyanga zawo kunakhala vuto lenileni. Kufuna kwa nyanga ya fosholo kunali koopsa kotero kuti 96% ya mahinja wakuda anaphedwa pakati pa 1970 ndi 1992, pamene mahinki oyera anali kusaka kwazing'ono kuti kwa nthawi yochepa, iwo amaonedwa ngati akutha.
Pa imodzi mwa nkhani zabwino kwambiri zoteteza nthawi yathu, kuyesetsa kupulumutsa fosholo kuchokera pamabuku a mbiri kumabweretsa chiyambi cha anthu awo. Masiku ano, akuganiza kuti pali mabotolo oyera pafupifupi 20,000 ndi mabenje asanu akuda omwe atsala kuthengo. Komabe, kuyambira pakati pa zaka za 2000, kufunika kwa nyanga ya bomba kunayamba, ndipo mu 2008 poaching anafika povuta.
Chotsatira chake, tsogolo la mitundu yonse iwiri sichidziwika.
Ntchito za Rhino Horn
Masiku ano, mabomba amdima ndi oyera amatetezedwa ndi Msonkhano Wopezeka Padziko Lonse M'mayiko Oopsya a Zinyama ndi Zomera (CITES). Kuchita malonda ku maiko ang'onoang'ono kapena ziwalo zawo sikuliphwanya malamulo, kupatulapo nkhanu zoyera kuchokera ku Swaziland ndi South Africa, zomwe zingatumizedwe ndi chilolezo pansi pazifukwa zina.
Komabe, ngakhale malamulo a CITES, nyanga ya bhinja yakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri moti olemba malonda akufuna kuika zonse pangozi kuti azigulitsa.
Chipolowe cha Rhino chilipo chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa mankhwala a nyanga za m'manda ku Asia monga China ndi Vietnam. Mwachikhalidwe, nyanga yamphongo yafungo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayikowa monga chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochizira matenda osiyanasiyana - ngakhale kuti alibe mankhwala ovomerezeka. Posachedwapa, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa nyanga wa mtundu wa bhino wapangitsa kugula ndi kudyetsedwa makamaka ngati chizindikiro cha udindo ndi chuma.
Kafukufuku wina waku Dalberg wa ku United States anawonetsa kuti phindu la nyanga ya bomba likuposa $ 60,000 / kilo, kuti likhale lofunika kwambiri pamsika wakuda kuposa diamondi kapena cocaine. Chiwerengero chachikuluchi chawonjezereka zaka khumi zapitazi, ndipo phindu la nyanga yamphongo lidafika madola 760 kumbuyo kwa chaka cha 2006. Pamene poaching imachepetsa chiwerengero cha nthata zomwe zatsala, chiwerengero cha mankhwalawa chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chofunika, ndikuwonjezeka chilimbikitso chofikira pamalo oyamba.
Era Yatsopano Yophunzitsa
Ndalama zowonongeka zowonongeka zakhala zikusintha poaching pochita malonda monga malonda kapena kugulitsa zida.
Magulu a zigawenga amathamangitsidwa ndi mabungwe ophwanya malamulo, omwe ali ndi ndalama zothandizira ndalama zambiri ndipo amawona kuti mabanki amafunika kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mwankhanza. Zotsatira zake, njira zowonongeka zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono monga GPS ndi zipangizo zamasana. A
Ndondomeko yatsopano ya poaching imapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta (ndi zowopsya) zotsutsana ndi poaching pofuna kuteteza mabanki otsala. Pochita zimenezi, maulendo amayenera kuyembekezera komwe abusawa adzakankhire kenaka - ntchito yosatheka yowona kukula kwa malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo omwe zimakhalamo. Izi zimapangidwanso kovuta ndi chiphuphu chachikulu, ndi mabungwe ogwiritsa ntchito chuma chawo kulipira akuluakulu onse m'mapaki ndi mabungwe apamwamba a boma kuti adziwe zambiri.
Ziwerengero Zowonongeka
Ku South Africa kokha, chiwerengero cha ziphuphu zomwe zimaponyedwa pachaka chawonjezeka ndi 9,000% kuyambira 2007. Mu 2007, ziphuphu 13 zinasungidwa m'malire a dziko; mu 2014, chiwerengero chimenecho chinakwera kufika 1,215. Mzinda wa South Africa uli ndi mabanki ambiri otsala padziko lapansi, ndipo izi zakhala zikutsutsana kwambiri ndi kupha anthu m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Komabe, mayiko oyandikana nawo ali m'mavuto. Ku Namibia, mahinki awiri adalumikizidwa mu 2012; pamene 80 anaphedwa mu 2015.
Kuwonongedwa kotereku ndi kotheka kwambiri kuwerengera ngati izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi tsogolo la ma rhino wakuda a azungu, a subspecies omwe amaloledwa mwamuyaya mu 2011. Malinga ndi bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), chifukwa chachikulu cha subspecies ' kusoweka kunali poaching. Nyerere zoyera kumpoto zimawoneka kuti zivutike chimodzimodzi, ndi anthu atatu okha omwe atsala. Amayandikana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa chibadwidwe ndipo amasungidwa pansi pa alonda okwana maola 24.
Mtengo wa Mabanki
Pali zifukwa zambiri zolimbana ndi tsogolo la ziphuphu zomwe zatsala kwa ife, zomwe ndizofunika kuti tichite zimenezi. Mabhinasi ndi zotsatira za zaka 40 miliyoni za chisinthiko ndipo zimasinthidwa bwino ndi malo awo. Iwo amasunga malo a Africa pogwiritsa ntchito makilogalamu 65 a zomera tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo ndi ofunikira kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri m'thupi mwawo. Ngati zitatha, zinyama zina podyetsa chakudya zimakhudzanso.
Amakhalanso ndi ndalama zambiri. Monga gawo la Big Five wotchuka ku Afrika, ali ndi udindo wopanga mamiliyoni ambiri a ndalama za ndalama kudzera mu zokopa alendo; makampani omwe angapindule anthu ambiri kusiyana ndi ochepa omwe amathandizidwa ndi poaching. Kuonetsetsa kuti anthu am'mudzimo amapindula ndi ndalama zomwe zimapangidwa ndi eco-tourism ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri yolimbikitsa kusungirako zimbalangondo pamtunda.
Kulimbana ndi Kusintha
Vuto la poaching rhinino ndi lovuta, ndipo palibe yankho limodzi. Zambiri mwazinthu zakhala zikuganiziridwa, zomwe zili ndi zifukwa zake komanso zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, makampani angapo a ku America akuyesa kupanga nyanga yamphongo monga malo enieni; pamene South Africa yatchula malonda amodzi a nyanga yamphongo yosungidwa ngati njira yowonjezera msika, motero kuchepetsa kufunika kwa lipenga ndikupangitsa kuti asakhale okongola kwa opha nsomba.
Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito nyanga yamphongo ya phokoso, zonsezi zimayambitsa chiopsezo choyambitsa vuto la chiwopsezo poonjezera kufunafuna mankhwalawa. Malingaliro ena akuphatikizapo poizoni wa nyanga zamphongo kuti aziwotchera, ndipo opaleshoni amachotsa nyanga ku mabanki kuti asakhalenso zolinga. Dehorning wapambana, ngakhale kuti ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri. M'madera ena, abusa amapha bhino lopanda phula kuti asataya nthawi mwachitsulo.
Chofunika kwambiri, poaching chiyenera kutengedwera kuchokera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndalama zimayenera kukwezedwa kuti zilolere zowonongeka poyendetsa zipolowe, pomwe lamulo la malamulo ndilofunikira kwambiri kuthetsa ziphuphu. Ndondomeko za maphunziro a zachilengedwe ndi zolimbikitsa zachuma zingathandize kuthandizira anthu omwe akukhala m'mphepete mwa mapepala ndi masewera a masewera kuti asayesedwe kuti apulumuke. Koposa zonse, podziwitsa anthu ku Asia, tikuyembekeza kuti kufunika kwa nyanga ya bomba kungathe kuimitsidwa kamodzi kokha.
Kuti mudziwe momwe mungathandizire, pitani ku Save the Rhino, yomwe imapereka ndalama zothandizira kuti zisungidwe za mitundu yonse isanu ya mabanki.