Matenda ambiri opatsirana kwambiri a ku Afrika amwazidwa ndi udzudzu - kuphatikizapo malungo , yellow fever ndi dengue fever. Komabe, udzudzu siwo wodwala wodwala wowopsa wakupha ku Africa. Ntchentche za Tsetse zimafalitsa mayiko a ku Africa (kapena kugona) kwa nyama ndi anthu m'mayiko makumi anayi a ku Sahara. Matendawa amatumizidwa kumadera akumidzi, choncho amatha kukhudza omwe akukonzekera kuyendera minda kapena malo osungirako masewera.
The Tsetse Fly
Liwu lakuti "tsetse" limatanthauza "ntchentche" mu Tswana, ndipo limatanthawuza mitundu yonse 23 ya ntchentche yotchedwa Glossina. Ntchentche zimadyetsa magazi a nyama zakutchire, kuphatikizapo anthu, ndipo pochita zimenezi, zimatulutsa matenda obisala kuchokera ku zinyama kupita kuzinthu zosagwidwa. Ntchentche zimafanana ndi ntchentche zowonongeka, koma zimatha kudziwika ndi zizindikiro ziwiri zosiyanitsa. Mitundu yonse ya ntchentche ya ntchentche imakhala ndi kafukufuku wautali, kapena proboscis, yomwe ikukwera m'munsi mwa mutu wawo. Pamene akupumula, mapiko awo amathyola pamimba, chimodzimodzi pamwamba pa mzake.
Kugona M'madera
Zilonda za mtundu wa African Africa zimakhudza kwambiri ziweto, makamaka ng'ombe. Ng'ombe zowonongeka zimakhala zofooka kwambiri, moti sangathe kulima kapena kutulutsa mkaka. Amayi oyembekezera nthawi zambiri amawachotsa ana awo, ndipo pamapeto pake, woferedwayo amafa. Mavitamini a ng'ombe ndi okwera mtengo komanso osagwira ntchito nthawi zonse.
Momwemo, kulima kwakukulu sikutheka m'madera omwe ali ndi HIV. Omwe amayesa kuweta ng'ombe akuvutika ndi matenda ndi imfa, ali ndi ng'ombe pafupifupi 3 miliyoni akufa chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku matendawa.
Chifukwa chaichi, ntchentche ya zotse ndi imodzi mwa zolengedwa zamphamvu kwambiri ku Africa.
Ilipo m'deralo pafupifupi makilomita 10 miliyoni a kum'mwera kwa Sahara Africa - nthaka yamtunda yomwe singathe kulima bwino. Momwemonso, ntchentche yotchedwa tsetse imawoneka ngati chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za umphaŵi mu Africa. Mwa mayiko 39 omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mayesero a nyama a ku Africa, makumi atatu ndi atatu ali owerengedwa ngati ndalama zochepa, zopanda chakudya.
Mbali inayi, ntchentche yotchedwa tsetse ikuthandizanso kusungirako zigawo zambiri zakutchire zomwe zingakhale zitatembenuzidwira kumunda. Izi ndi malo otsiriza a zinyama zakutchire za ku Afrika. Ngakhale nyama zamoyo (makamaka antelope ndi warthog) zili pachiopsezo ku matendawa, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa ng'ombe.
Kugona M'thupi mwa Anthu
Pa mitundu 23 ya ntchentche, matenda asanu ndi limodzi okha ndi omwe amachititsa anthu kugona. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mayanososomiya a anthu a ku Africa: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense ndi Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense . Zakalezo ndizofala kwambiri, zomwe zimapereka 97% ya milandu yomwe inanenedwa. Amakhala ku Central ndi West Africa , ndipo amatha kupezeka mosayembekezereka kwa miyezi isanafike zizindikiro zoopsa. Matenda otsirizawa ndi ochepa kwambiri, mofulumira kuti akule ndikupita ku Southern and East Africa .
Uganda ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe liri ndi Tb gambiense ndi Tb rhodesiense .
Zizindikiro za kugona zikuphatikizapo kutopa, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kutentha thupi. Patapita nthawi, matendawa amakhudza dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto okhudza kugona, matenda a maganizo, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa komanso pomaliza, imfa. Mwamwayi, kugona kwa anthu kukuchepa. Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, panthawiyi munali matenda 300,000 atsopano m'chaka cha 1995, akuti pafupifupi 15,000 amangochitika mwatsopano mu 2014. Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerochi kumatchedwa kuti kulimbana bwino kwa anthu othamanga kwambiri, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. mankhwala.
Kupewa Kugona Matenda
Palibe katemera kapena mankhwala opatsirana odwala matenda ogona. Njira yokhayo yopeŵera matenda ndi kupeŵa kulumidwa - komabe, ngati mwalumidwa, mwayi wa kachilomboka uli wamng'ono.
Ngati mukukonzekera kupita ku malo otetezeka a tsetse, onetsetsani kunyamula malaya atsopano komanso mathalauza. Nsalu yolemera yeniyeni yabwino ndi yabwino, chifukwa ntchentche zimatha kuluma pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa. Maonekedwe osaloŵerera ndi ofunikira, monga ntchentche zimakopeka ndi mitundu yowala, yamdima ndi yachitsulo (makamaka buluu - pali chifukwa chomwe amatsogolera nthawizonse amavala khaki).
Ntchentche za Tsetse zimakopeka ndi magalimoto oyenda, choncho onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane galimoto yanu kapena galimoto musanayambe masewera. Amakhala m'tchire chobiriwira nthawi yotentha kwambiri, choncho amatha kuyenda ulendo wautali m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kudziteteza kwa tizilombo kumangokhala kosavuta kuti tipewe ntchentche. Komabe, ndibwino kuti ndikugwiritse ntchito zovala zothandizidwa ndi permetrin, komanso kuti ndizitsulo zogwiritsa ntchito monga DEET, Picaridin kapena OLE. Onetsetsani kuti malo anu ogona kapena hotelo ali ndi ukonde wa udzudzu, kapena kunyamula china chokwanira mu thumba lanu.
Kuchiza Kugona
Yang'anirani zizindikiro zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, ngakhale zitakhala miyezi ingapo mutabwerera kuchokera ku malo odwala matenda a tsetse. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, funsani kuchipatala mwamsanga, onetsetsani kuti mumamuuza dokotala kuti mwangomaliza kumene kumudzi. Mankhwala omwe mumapatsidwa amadalira mavuto a tsetse omwe muli nawo, koma mulimonsemo, ndibwino kuti muyese kufufuza kwa zaka ziwiri kuti muwone kuti mankhwalawa apambana.
Kuwoneka Kosokoneza Kugona Matenda
Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi ovuta, musalole kuti mantha akugwidwa ndi matenda ogona akulepheretsani kubwera ku Africa. Chowonadi n'chakuti oyendayenda sangathe kutenga kachilomboka, chifukwa omwe ali pachiopsezo ali alimi akumidzi, asaka ndi asodzi omwe amakhala ndi malo otalikira kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngati mukuda nkhawa, pewani kuyenda ku Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Mavoti 70% amachokera kuno, ndipo ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe liri ndi zifukwa zoposa 1,000 chaka chilichonse.
Malo otchuka omwe amawonekera alendo monga Malawi, Uganda, Tanzania ndi Zimbabwe onse amalembetsa milandu yoposa 100 chaka chilichonse. Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia ndi Rwanda sizinatchulepo zochitika zatsopano kwa zaka zoposa khumi, pamene South Africa imaonedwa kuti ikudwalabe. Ndipotu, malo osungirako kumwera kwa South Africa ndipadera kwambiri kwa aliyense amene amadandaula ndi matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo, chifukwa amakhalanso opanda malungo, chikasu komanso chikondwerero.