Silk Road ya China
Msewu wa Silk (kapena Sichou zhi lu) ndi mawu omwe analembedwa chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi katswiri wina wa ku Germany kufotokoza njira zamalonda zomwe zimagwirizanitsa Middle East, Ancient India ndi Mediterranean kupita ku China. Sizinali njira imodzi yokha koma m'mphepete mwa misewu komanso nyanja zomwe zinkachititsa malonda pakati pa maufumu.
Zhang Qian ndi Opening the Silk Road
Nkhaniyi imayamba ndi Zhang Qian .
Ofufuza ndi nthumwiyi anatumizidwa ndi Han Emperor Wudi kuti apange mgwirizano ndi anthu a Yuezhi omwe wolamulira wa Han adayembekezera kuti akhoza kupanga mgwirizano wotsutsana ndi adani a pesky Xiongnu. Zhang Qian sanapambane pazochita zake koma paulendo wake (umene unatenga zaka khumi) adatha kusinthanitsa silika kwa nthawi yoyamba kunja kwa China. Kusinthana kumeneku kunapangitsa njala kumadzulo kwa silika ndipo inayendetsa kusinthanitsa ndikugulitsa njira zomwe zikanakhala msewu wa Silk. Werengani nkhani yonse Zhang Qian ndi Opening the Silk Road .
Silk Road Trade
Kuyambika mu nthawi ya Han (206BC - AD 220), silika anali chinthu chofunika kwambiri chotumizidwa kuchokera ku China koma chinali njira izi zomwe manja adagwirizana, chikhalidwe ndi zamakono. Mwachitsanzo, Buddhism inafalikira kudutsa China pa Silk Road m'zaka za zana loyamba. Panali maimidwe ambiri omwe ankatha kulowera ku Chang'an, likulu la Tang Dynasty (618-907) kumene mzinda wamakono wa Xi'an ukukhala tsopano.
Pambuyo pa Mzera wa Tang, msewu wa Silk umakhala wovuta kwambiri ngati malonda akuyang'ana kum'maŵa koma njirazo zidakhala zotseguka ndi zofunikira ndikuwona kubwezeretsedwa kofunika pansi pa ulamuliro wa Mongol. Panthawiyi, Marco Polo anafika ku China panthawi ya nzika ya Yuan (1279-1368).
Pamene ubale wa Yuan ku China unagwedezeka, kusagwirizana pamsewu kunkapambana ndi kuwuka kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso kuwonjezeka kwa njira za panyanja za malonda.
Msewu wa Silk unalembera kwambiri pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Mzera wa Yuan.
Yendani Pamsewu wa Silk
Masiku ano, pamene "ulendo wa Silika" ukutchulidwa, umaphatikizapo zithunzi za magalimoto a ngamila, malo a chipululu ndi oases obiriwira. Kuyenda mumsewu wa Silika wamakono ndi njira zina zabwino zomwe ndakhala ndikukumana nazo ku China.
Msewu wa China Silk umaphatikizapo malo ochokera ku Xi'an, kumpoto mpaka ku Lanzhou m'chigawo cha Gansu , kudzera mu Hexi Corridor ku Dunhuang ndiyeno ku Xinjiang kumene njirayi inagawidwa njira ya kumpoto ndi kumwera kuzungulira Taklamakan Desert kuti akhalenso ku Kashgar . Msewu wa Silk unachoka ku China (womwe uli masiku ano) ndipo unadutsa mtundu wa mapiri a Pamir ku Pakistan ndi Afghanistan. Kutenga Silk Road ulendo ukhoza kukhala njira yokondweretsa kuona ndi kumvetsa mbiri yakale ya China ndi mabwenzi ndi dziko lonse lapansi.
Ndachita maulendo ambiri mumsewu wa Silk Road. Pamene simudzapeza mahema akugwedeza mu caravanserai, pali zambiri zoti muwone.
- Malo ambiri a zofukula zamatabwa amasungidwa bwino ndipo amapereka chithunzi cha luso, chidziwitso ndi malonda omwe anakula zaka chikwi zapitazo. Malo a Mogao Grottoes ku Dunhuang mwina ndi malo abwino kwambiri kuti aone luso lachibuda la Buddhist lomwe limatengera zaka mazana ambiri.
- Malo okhala pafupi ndi Dera la Taklamakan kuphatikizapo Yadan Geological Site thandizo kuti adziwe chifaniziro cha amamera a ngamila ndikupatseni kukoma koona kwa anthu amalonda omwe akukumana ndi nyengo yoopsa yachipululu yomwe amayenera kuthana nayo.
- Ndipo ulendo wopita ku Hexi Corridor umakulolani kuti mupite ku tawuni ndi tawuni akale amasiya pamene mukudutsa pakati pa mapiri awiri kuchokera ku Lanzhou kuti mufike kumphepete mwa chipululu cha Gobi ku Dunhuang.
- Chigawo cha Autonomous Region cha Xinjiang chimanyamula zojambula zambiri zotchuka za Silk Road. Kuzungulira kuzungulira Kashgar, Urumqi ndi Turpan kungapatse munthu woyenda mumsewu wa Silk ambiri amasangalala.