Mmene Mungapangidwire Mzinda wa British Castle

Makoma - Britain ali ndi mazana. Mawu omwewo amatanthauzira zamatsenga, zokongola, ndi zozizwitsa. Koma kodi ndendende inali nyumba yotani, kwenikweni? Mvetserani kumasulira ndipo inu mupeza chithunzicho.

Ma Castles anabalalitsidwa kudera lonse la England, Scotland ndi Wales sankamangidwira kwa ambuye a chikholo (kupatula ngati iwo anali kundende). Iwo anali malo owopsya - choyamba kwambiri, malinga, omwe amawopsyeza ndikugonjetsa anthu ammudzi (monga Edward's nyumba ku Wales ) kapena kuteteza.

A

Ena, ngati nyumba yopanda dzina m'mudzi wa Norfolk wa Castle Acre ndi mabwinja ochepa chabe, kapena, monga maiden Castle , mounds a padziko lapansi omwe adakhalapo. Ena, monga Harlech Castle kapena Caernarvon, ali ndi nsanja, zovuta, ndi zida zankhondo, zokwanira kuti azidyetsa maloto a tsiku lililonse.

Koma Zonsezi Zikutanthauzanji?

Mukamapita kukachisi, mawu ambiri osamveka amamveka ngati kuti aliyense amadziwa zomwe akunena. Mukutanthauza kuti simukudziwa kuti motte ndi bailey ndi chiyani? Ndipo inu munaganiza kuti chinthu chomwecho chinali chinthu chofanana ndi ndende?

Popanda chidziwitso chofunikira, kuyendera nyumba yokondeka kwambiri kumakhala ngati khola lozungulira mulu wa miyala. Koma, mukangophunzira mawu ochepa chabe a nsanja zonse zimakhala zomveka. Mawu ofunikirawa akuthandizani inu kuti muyankhule "nyumba yosungirako" ndi zabwino mwa iwo nthawi ndi kumvetsa momwe zida zankhondozi zagwirira ntchito.

1. Motte ndi Bailey - Nyumba zoyambirira zinkapangidwa ndi matabwa ndipo zinkaikidwa pamalo okwezeka kapena pamtunda waukulu. Mtunda umenewo unkatchedwa motte . Kawirikawiri ankazunguliridwa ndi dzenje ndipo kenako mlengalenga mwala mwala kapena palisade (mpanda wopangidwa ndi timitengo towonongeka, mapeto ake). Malo omwewo anali bailey. Nthaŵi zina khoma lomwe linazungulira linatchedwanso bailey. Ngakhale kulibe motte yoyera ndi nyumba za bailey zatsalira, pali umboni wambiri wa iwo. Nsanja yozungulira yonse, Windsor Castle yomwe imadziŵika bwino kwambiri, imayimirira pamtunda woyambirira wa nsanja, yomwe imapanga makina 50 a choko opangidwa kuchokera ku dzenje lomwe lilizungulira.

1. Ward - Muzipinda zazikulu monga Windsor, okhala ndi bailey oposa umodzi kapena otetezera dera lozunguliridwa ndi khoma, dera lililonse likanatchedwa ward. Mukapita kukaona nyumba, mukhoza kuona malo omwe akuwoneka ngati apamwamba ndi apansi, mwachitsanzo. Izi sizikukhudzana ndi kutalika kwa thupi lawo koma zingathe kufotokoza momwe ziliri pafupi kapena kutali ndi zinyumbazo.

1. Bastion - Nthawi zonse ndinkaganiza kuti mazikowa anali mawu ena okhaokha. Koma pamene mukulankhula "nsanja", malowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera mwachindunji nsanja, kuzungulira kapena kuzungulira, pamphepete mwa makoma awiri. Omwe ankawombera ankakonda kuikidwa pamphepete kapena kumalopo kuti amenyane ndi nyumba yonseyo.
2. The Keep - Iyi inali nyumba yokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Zitha kukhala pakati pa bailey ya nsanja kapena pamalo apamwamba akuyang'anitsitsa koma paliponse pamene adakhalapo, anasankhidwa chifukwa inali malo otetezedwa bwino. Mu nkhondo, ngati kusunga kunagwa, nyumbayi inatengedwa. Ku Orford Castle, yomangidwa m'zaka za zana la 12, zonse zomwe zatsala ndizo kusunga.
3. Donjon - M'nyumba za Norman, nthawi zambiri ankatchedwa donjon - osati ndende pomwepo, koma malo okhala ndi chitetezo cholimba. Inalinso nsanja yaikulu mkati mwa mpanda wa nsanja.
4. Barbican - Ichi chinali chitetezo chomaliza cha nyumbayi. Ngati otsutsa amatha kuloŵa m'zipata zachinyumba, amakakamizika kumenyana nawo kuti apite kumalo ozungulira omwe ali ndi makoma okwezeka otchedwa barbican. Magulu a adani atalowa m'dera la barbican, amatha kuponyedwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi mivi, kuyaka mafuta ndi zida zina pamene akuchepetsedwa ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayendetsedwa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti barbican inali njira yothetsera vuto - Bungwe la Barbican la London ndi limodzi la malo osokoneza kwambiri komanso osasokonezeka kuti apite mumzindawu.

1. Khoma lamakono - Awa ndi khoma lotetezera lomwe likuzungulira bailey . Ikhozanso kukhala khoma lomwe limagwirizanitsa zigawo kapena nsanja, ngati izi sizikusiyana ndi zomwe zimadzipangitsa. Nyumba zazikuluzikulu zinkakhala ndi makoma awiri - khoma lakunja lomwe linkayenera kusweka pamaso pa khoma lamkati, kutetezedwa ndi zigawo, zingathe kuwonetsedwa.
2. Dzuwa - Iyi inali malo apadera a banja la Ambuye. Nyumba yaikulu ikhale ndi Nyumba Yaikulu pansi yomwe inali yotseguka kwa onse a m'banja. Malo ogona a alendo angakhalepo m'maboma a nsanja kuchokera ku holoyi ndipo zosangalatsa za tsiku ndi tsiku, zokambirana za ndale ndi nsanja zikuchitika apa. Ndilo limene lidzatchulidwe pambuyo pake kuti "bwalo lamilandu." Dzuwa, kumbali inayo, linali pamwamba pa malo osungirako pansi ndipo linali malo ogona ndi ogona a pabanja. Mawu akuti dzuwa, mwa njira, alibe chochita ndi dzuwa. Zinali, kwenikweni, zochokera ku Norman French zokha, zokha.

1. The Oubliette - Medieval castles kawirikawiri anali ndi ndende zoona chifukwa kusunga akaidi kunali kosazolowereka. Zikanakhala kuti munkaphedwa kapena kutengedwa kupita ku ukapolo chifukwa cha uchimo kuposa kuti munamangidwa ndi Ambuye. Koma nthawi zina kunali kofunika kubisala wina - mwinamwake kwamuyaya. Zikatero, iwo akhoza kuponyedwa mu Oubliette , dzenje lakuya, kawirikawiri pansi pa nsanja ndikufika pokha pakhomo la msampha. Nthaŵi zina oubliette anali pamwamba pa nsanja kotero kuti wamndende amve ndikumva fungo likuzungulira koma alibe njira yopulumukira. Mawu oubliette amachokera ku French kwa malo oiwalika . Anagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira chilango koma ngati mtundu wa kuzunza. Wundende adatayidwa kunja ndikumwalira kuti aiwale.
2. The Garderobe - Ngakhale a Middle Ages anthu euphemisms kwa chimbudzi. Palibe minda yokhayo yomwe sinali malo pomwe zovala zinasungidwa, ngakhale ndizo zomwe mawu a Chifranchi amatanthawuza. Icho chinali chiwombankhanga, loo, jakes, John, chimbudzi. Mawuwa amachititsa kuti ntchito ya ku Britain ikhale yotchedwa WC kapena madzi otsekemera a lavatory, komanso (ntchito ya ku Britain) yogwiritsira ntchito mawu ogwiritsira ntchito mawu ovala pansi. Chifukwa chosowa madzi, zikhoza kukhala zomveka kuyika chipinda chofunikira, malo ogwirira ntchito pakhomo. Koma monga ndinanenera kumayambiriro kwa chidutswa ichi, nyumba yoyamba inali, makamaka, malo achitetezo. Zinali zomveka kuti makompyuta asatetezedwe pochita ntchito zolimbitsa thupi. Nthaŵi zambiri munda wotchedwa garderobe unali mkati mwa nsanja imodzi kapena mkati mwa khoma lachinyumba ndipo unagawanika ndi zipinda zina ndi chicane monga makoma. Chipindacho chinali ndi ziphuphu zomwe_ngati antchito anali ndi mwayi - atalowetsedwa mu mtsinje kapena mtsinje. Ngati iwo anali osasamala, mmodzi wa antchito apachikatolika akanakhala ndi ntchito yotulutsa pansi pa chute.